86 research outputs found
La Creatividad como Estrategia Metodológica para el Aprendizaje de las Ciencias Sociales
Frente a las exigencias de la sociedad actual, particularmente Colombia, surge una serie de inquietudes respecto a la formación y actualización de los docentes. El nivel de competitividad necesario para el desarrollo del país se basa cada vez más en el conocimiento, la tecnología y los recursos humanos. Haciendo de la educación un proceso pedagógico instrumental operativo, academicista y sin investigación donde el alumno se va moldeando sin reflexión, crítica y análisis en el conocimiento y sin alternativas ante su realidad social. El mundo de hoy obliga a redefinir el rol de los educandos y de los docentes en su quehacer pedagógico, en la necesidad de ser un docente en un proceso permanente de cualificación, creador, investigador, productor que aplique estrategias pedagógicas y metodológicas que conllevan a la formación integral de los educandos. En esta propuesta se analizan varias metodologías aplicando la creatividad, para así cambiar en forma de autoritarismo y de rutina
TrueImage: A Machine Learning Algorithm to Improve the Quality of Telehealth Photos
Telehealth is an increasingly critical component of the health care
ecosystem, especially due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Rapid adoption of
telehealth has exposed limitations in the existing infrastructure. In this
paper, we study and highlight photo quality as a major challenge in the
telehealth workflow. We focus on teledermatology, where photo quality is
particularly important; the framework proposed here can be generalized to other
health domains. For telemedicine, dermatologists request that patients submit
images of their lesions for assessment. However, these images are often of
insufficient quality to make a clinical diagnosis since patients do not have
experience taking clinical photos. A clinician has to manually triage poor
quality images and request new images to be submitted, leading to wasted time
for both the clinician and the patient. We propose an automated image
assessment machine learning pipeline, TrueImage, to detect poor quality
dermatology photos and to guide patients in taking better photos. Our
experiments indicate that TrueImage can reject 50% of the sub-par quality
images, while retaining 80% of good quality images patients send in, despite
heterogeneity and limitations in the training data. These promising results
suggest that our solution is feasible and can improve the quality of
teledermatology care.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, Preprint of an article published in Pacific
Symposium on Biocomputing \c{opyright} 2020 World Scientific Publishing Co.,
Singapore, http://psb.stanford.edu
TERT and TERT promoter in melanocytic neoplasms: Current concepts in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis
Background and objectiveLocated on chromosome locus 5p15.33, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT or hTERT) encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase which permits lengthening and preservation of telomeres following mitosis. Mutations in TERT promoter (TERT‐p) upregulate expression of TERT, allowing survival of malignant cells and tumor progression in wide variety of malignancies including melanoma. The objective of this review is to examine the roles of TERT and TERT‐p in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognostication of cutaneous melanoma.MethodsAll studies of TERT or TERT‐p in cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms with the following inclusion criteria were reviewed: publication date between 2010 and 2019, English language, and series of ≥3 cases were reviewed for evidence supporting the role of TERT in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis. Studies with <3 cases or focused primarily on mucosal or uveal melanocytic tumors were excluded.Results and conclusionTERT‐p mutations are frequent in chronic and non‐chronic sun damage melanoma and correlate with adverse prognosis, inform pathogenesis, and may provide diagnostic support. While TERT‐p mutations are uncommon in acral melanoma, TERT copy number gains and gene amplification predict reduced survival. Among atypical spitzoid neoplasms, TERT‐p mutations identify biologically aggressive tumors and support the diagnosis of spitzoid melanoma. TERT‐p methylation may have prognostic value in pediatric conventional melanoma and drive tumorigenesis in melanoma arising within congenital nevi. Finally, TERT‐p mutations may aid in the differentiation of recurrent nevi from recurrent melanoma.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156143/2/cup13691.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156143/1/cup13691_am.pd
Ecstasy use and its association with sexual behaviors among drug users in new york city
ABSTRACT: In the past two decades, recreational use of ecstasy has
become a growing concern in the United States, although most studies
assessing ecstasy use have focused on white, middle-class adolescents who
use ecstasy during raves and in clubs. We assessed the prevalence of
recent ecstasy use among predominantly minority heroin, cocaine, and
crack users in New York City and the association between ecstasy and
sexual risk above and beyond that of the other drugs. Between 2002
and 2004, injection and non-injection heroin, crack and cocaine users
(N = 534) completed a risk behavior questionnaire that included items
on ecstasy use. Logistic regression was used to investigate the relation
between current ecstasy use and sexual behaviors. Of 534 illicit drug
users, 69.7% were aged 25 years or older, 65.2% were Hispanic, 27.9%
Black and 77.4% male; 36.7% were injectors. 17.2% of respondents
reported recent (last six months) ecstasy use. In a multivariable logistic
regression model, current ecstasy use was associated both with initiating
sex before age 14 (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.51) and having two or
more partners in the past two months (AOR = 1.86) after adjusting for
age at study entry, current cocaine and marijuana use and being an
injection drug user. This study suggests that ecstasy use may be more
prevalent among urban drug users. Ecstasy use in urban settings, beyond
clubs and raves, should continue to be monitored.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40285/2/Novoa_Ecstasy Use and Its Association With Sexual_2005.pd
Positive Selection and Enhancer Evolution Shaped Lifespan and Body Mass in Great Apes.
Within primates, the great apes are outliers both in terms of body size and lifespan, since they include the largest and longest-lived species in the order. Yet, the molecular bases underlying such features are poorly understood. Here, we leveraged an integrated approach to investigate multiple sources of molecular variation across primates, focusing on over 10,000 genes, including approximately 1,500 previously associated with lifespan, and additional approximately 9,000 for which an association with longevity has never been suggested. We analyzed dN/dS rates, positive selection, gene expression (RNA-seq), and gene regulation (ChIP-seq). By analyzing the correlation between dN/dS, maximum lifespan, and body mass, we identified 276 genes whose rate of evolution positively correlates with maximum lifespan in primates. Further, we identified five genes, important for tumor suppression, adaptive immunity, metastasis, and inflammation, under positive selection exclusively in the great ape lineage. RNA-seq data, generated from the liver of six species representing all the primate lineages, revealed that 8% of approximately 1,500 genes previously associated with longevity are differentially expressed in apes relative to other primates. Importantly, by integrating RNA-seq with ChIP-seq for H3K27ac (which marks active enhancers), we show that the differentially expressed longevity genes are significantly more likely than expected to be located near a novel ape-specific enhancer. Moreover, these particular ape-specific enhancers are enriched for young transposable elements, and specifically SINE-Vntr-Alus. In summary, we demonstrate that multiple evolutionary forces have contributed to the evolution of lifespan and body size in primates
Positive Selection and Enhancer Evolution Shaped Lifespan and Body Mass in Great Apes
Within primates, the great apes are outliers both in terms of body size and lifespan, since they include the largest and longest-lived species in the order. Yet, the molecular bases underlying such features are poorly understood. Here, we leveraged an integrated approach to investigate multiple sources of molecular variation across primates, focusing on over 10,000 genes, including approximately 1,500 previously associated with lifespan, and additional approximately 9,000 for which an association with longevity has never been suggested. We analyzed dN/dS rates, positive selection, gene expression (RNA-seq), and gene regulation (ChIP-seq). By analyzing the correlation between dN/dS, maximum lifespan, and body mass, we identified 276 genes whose rate of evolution positively correlates with maximum lifespan in primates. Further, we identified five genes, important for tumor suppression, adaptive immunity, metastasis, and inflammation, under positive selection exclusively in the great ape lineage. RNA-seq data, generated from the liver of six species representing all the primate lineages, revealed that 8% of approximately 1,500 genes previously associated with longevity are differentially expressed in apes relative to other primates. Importantly, by integrating RNA-seq with ChIP-seq for H3K27ac (which marks active enhancers), we show that the differentially expressed longevity genes are significantly more likely than expected to be located near a novel ape-specific enhancer. Moreover, these particular ape-specific enhancers are enriched for young transposable elements, and specifically SINE-Vntr-Alus. In summary, we demonstrate that multiple evolutionary forces have contributed to the evolution of lifespan and body size in primates
Human Ageing Genomic Resources:updates on key databases in ageing research
Ageing is a complex and multifactorial process. For two decades, the Human Ageing Genomic Resources (HAGR) have aided researchers in the study of various aspects of ageing and its manipulation. Here, we present the key features and recent enhancements of these resources, focusing on its six main databases. One database, GenAge, focuses on genes related to ageing, featuring 307 genes linked to human ageing and 2205 genes associated with longevity and ageing in model organisms. AnAge focuses on ageing, longevity, and life-history across animal species, containing data on 4645 species. DrugAge includes information about 1097 longevity drugs and compounds in model organisms such as mice, rats, flies, worms and yeast. GenDR provides a list of 214 genes associated with the life-extending benefits of dietary restriction in model organisms. CellAge contains a catalogue of 866 genes associated with cellular senescence. The LongevityMap serves as a repository for genetic variants associated with human longevity, encompassing 3144 variants pertaining to 884 genes. Additionally, HAGR provides various tools as well as gene expression signatures of ageing, dietary restriction, and replicative senescence based on meta-analyses. Our databases are integrated, regularly updated, and manually curated by experts. HAGR is freely available online (https://genomics.senescence.info/).</p
Human Ageing Genomic Resources:updates on key databases in ageing research
Ageing is a complex and multifactorial process. For two decades, the Human Ageing Genomic Resources (HAGR) have aided researchers in the study of various aspects of ageing and its manipulation. Here, we present the key features and recent enhancements of these resources, focusing on its six main databases. One database, GenAge, focuses on genes related to ageing, featuring 307 genes linked to human ageing and 2205 genes associated with longevity and ageing in model organisms. AnAge focuses on ageing, longevity, and life-history across animal species, containing data on 4645 species. DrugAge includes information about 1097 longevity drugs and compounds in model organisms such as mice, rats, flies, worms and yeast. GenDR provides a list of 214 genes associated with the life-extending benefits of dietary restriction in model organisms. CellAge contains a catalogue of 866 genes associated with cellular senescence. The LongevityMap serves as a repository for genetic variants associated with human longevity, encompassing 3144 variants pertaining to 884 genes. Additionally, HAGR provides various tools as well as gene expression signatures of ageing, dietary restriction, and replicative senescence based on meta-analyses. Our databases are integrated, regularly updated, and manually curated by experts. HAGR is freely available online (https://genomics.senescence.info/).</p
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