Questions of choosing a strategic breakthrough management model in the era of development of intelligent investment reproduction using artificial intelligence

The issues of choosing a model of public administration in the context of the development of intellectual investment reproduction cycles during the transition to a new intellectual technological order have been studied. Generators for the formation of synchronized investment reproduction cycles based on digital systems with artificial intelligence are considered. The target software bases for managing investment cycles using digital systems with artificial intelligence are formulated. New approaches to managing intellectual investment reproduction cycles are identified based on the formation of the National model of state management of intellectual reproduction in a new technological order in synchronization with the use of artificial intelligence. The issues of creating a complex model of strategic management of intellectual investment reproduction cycles in order to break into the era of intellectual reproduction based on the formation of mechanisms for synchronizing the management of investment reproduction with artificial intelligence development systems are considered. It is substantiated that the development of reproductive investment cycles is especially relevant in the current conditions of increasing external economic sanctions, when it is necessary to invest and develop in synchronous interaction the systemically forming production stages of an inextricable reproduction cycle. In the era of digitalization of the economy and the need for a balanced development of production, systems with artificial intelligence are becoming the most effective management tool. The directions for the implementation of mechanisms for managing investment cycles in import substitution have been updated. It is recommended to develop complete intellectual reproduction cycles that realize economic growth by transforming traditional “import substitution production chains” through the development of new intelligent in-vestment reproduction cycles. The effective application of intellectual investment cycles is inevitable in the strategically foreseeable future when implementing the National Model of Social and Market Development of Russia on the basis of public-private partnerships and intellectual institutions of public administration in a new technological order. The requirements for ensuring reliable economic security of the country in the face of defense challenges and increasing external sanctions that counteract the implementation of a new economic strategy for stable growth by ensuring the digital quality of public administration using artificial intelligence are formulated

Іхтіопатологічні наслідки ураження прісноводних риб електрострумом

Наводяться дані про іхтіопатологічне обстеження двох видів статевозрілих риб із двох родин (щука, лящ) Дніпровського водосховища, вилучених під час природоохоронного рейду у громадянина, який застосовував саморобний електричний пристрій («електровудку») для ураження риб. Усі досліджені особини ляща звичайного мали ураження рогівки очей і внутрішніх органів різного ступеня. Із внутрішніх органів найбільші ураження відмічені для тканин нирок, знайдені крововиливи у черевну порожнину, нирки та головний мозок. У щуки звичайної відмічені ураження геніпор (отворів гіомандибулярного каналу) у вигляді крововиливів. Описані іхтіопатологічні наслідки ураження риб можуть використовуватися природоохоронними органами для чіткої діагностики леталь­ного впливу електроструму на гідробіонтів

Timing Constraints of In Vivo Gag Mutations during Primary HIV-1 Subtype C Infection

Background: Aiming to answer the broad question “When does mutation occur?” this study examined the time of appearance, dominance, and completeness of in vivo Gag mutations in primary HIV-1 subtype C infection. Methods: A primary HIV-1C infection cohort comprised of 8 acutely and 34 recently infected subjects were followed frequently up to 500 days post-seroconversion (p/s). Gag mutations were analyzed by employing single-genome amplification and direct sequencing. Gag mutations were determined in relation to the estimated time of seroconversion. Time of appearance, dominance, and completeness was compared for different types of in vivo Gag mutations. Results: Reverse mutations to the wild type appeared at a median (IQR) of 62 (44;139) days p/s, while escape mutations from the wild type appeared at 234 (169;326) days p/s (p<0.001). Within the subset of mutations that became dominant, reverse and escape mutations appeared at 54 (30;78) days p/s and 104 (47;198) days p/s, respectively (p<0.001). Among the mutations that reached completeness, reverse and escape mutations appeared at 54 (30;78) days p/s and 90 (44;196) days p/s, respectively (p = 0.006). Time of dominance for reverse mutations to and escape mutations from the wild type was 58 (44;105) days p/s and 219 (90;326) days p/s, respectively (p<0.001). Time of completeness for reverse and escape mutations was 152 (100;176) days p/s and 243 (101;370) days p/s, respectively (p = 0.001). Fitting a Cox proportional hazards model with frailties confirmed a significantly earlier time of appearance (hazard ratio (HR): 2.6; 95% CI: 2.3–3.0), dominance (4.8 (3.4–6.8)), and completeness (3.6 (2.3–5.5)) of reverse mutations to the wild type Gag than escape mutations from the wild type. Some complex mutational pathways in Gag included sequential series of reversions and escapes. Conclusions: The study identified the timing of different types of in vivo Gag mutations in primary HIV-1 subtype C infection in relation to the estimated time of seroconversion. Overall, the in vivo reverse mutations to the wild type occurred significantly earlier than escape mutations from the wild type. This shorter time to incidence of reverse mutations remained in the subsets of in vivo Gag mutations that reached dominance or completeness

Drug resistance and viral tropism in HIV-1 subtype C-infected patients in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: implications for future treatment options

Article approval pendingDrug resistance poses a significant challenge for the successful application of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) globally. Furthermore, emergence of HIV-1 isolates that preferentially use CXCR4 as a coreceptor for cell entry, either as a consequence of natural viral evolution or HAART use, may compromise the efficacy of CCR5 antagonists as alternative antiviral therapy

On-chip beam rotators, polarizers and adiabatic mode converters through low-loss waveguides with variable cross-sections

Photonics integrated circuitry would benefit considerably from the ability to arbitrarily control waveguide cross-sections with high precision and low loss, in order to provide more degrees of freedom in manipulating propagating light. Here, we report on a new optical-fibres-compatible glass waveguide by femtosecond laser writing, namely spherical phase induced multi-core waveguide (SPIM-WG), which addresses this challenging task with three dimensional on-chip light control. Precise deformation of cross-sections is achievable along the waveguide, with shapes and sizes finely controllable of high resolution in both horizontal and vertical transversal directions. We observed that these waveguides have high refractive index contrast of 0.017, low propagation loss of 0.14 dB/cm, and very low coupling loss of 0.19 dB coupled from a single mode fibre. SPIM-WG devices were easily fabricated that were able to perform on-chip beam rotation through varying angles, or manipulate polarization state of propagating light for target wavelengths. We also demonstrated SPIM-WG mode converters that provide arbitrary adiabatic mode conversion with high efficiency between symmetric and asymmetric non-uniform modes; examples include circular, elliptical modes and asymmetric modes from ppKTP waveguides which are generally applied in frequency conversion and quantum light sources. Created inside optical glass, these waveguides and devices have the capability to operate across ultra-broad bands from visible to infrared wavelengths. The compatibility with optical fibre also paves the way toward packaged photonic integrated circuitry, which usually needs input and output fibre connections