SOFRIMENTO PSÍQUICO DE DISCENTES NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE LITERATURA

This study aimed to analyze data on the psychological distress of students in higher education institutions through a systematic review of the literature from 2016 to 2020 in the scientific databases Lilacs and Scielo. The results showed that the psychological distress of the studied population is related to social factors, mental health, academic environment and psychological aspects of personality. The identification and tracking of these factors lead to debates about the mental health of higher education students and its relationship with triggering psychological distress, and encourage intervention actions, strengthening the subject's psychosocial perspective.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los datos sobre el sufrimiento psíquico de los estudiantes en las instituciones de educación superior a través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura en el período 2016 a 2020 en lilas y bases de datos científicas scielo. Los resultados mostraron que el sufrimiento psicológico de la población estudiada está relacionado con aspectos sociales, de salud mental, académicos y psicológicos de la personalidad. La identificación y el seguimiento de estos factores conducen a debates sobre la salud mental de los estudiantes de educación superior y su relación con el desencadenamiento del sufrimiento psíquico, y estimulan acciones de intervención fortaleciendo la perspectiva psicosocial del sujeto.Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar dados sobre o sofrimento psíquico dos estudantes das instituições de ensino superior por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura de 2016 a 2020 nas bases científicas Lilacs e Scielo. Os resultados mostraram que o sofrimento psíquico da população estudada está relacionado a fatores sociais, saúde mental, ambiente acadêmico e aspectos psicológicos da personalidade. A identificação e o acompanhamento desses fatores levam a debates sobre a saúde mental dos estudantes de ensino superior e sua relação com o desencadeamento do sofrimento psíquico, e incentivam ações de intervenção, fortalecendo a perspectiva psicossocial do sujeito.O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os dados acerca do sofrimento psíquico dos discentes em instituições de ensino superior por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura no período de 2016 a 2020 nas bases de dados científicas Lilacs e Scielo. Os resultados demonstraram que o sofrimento psíquico da população estudada está relacionado a fatores sociais, de saúde mental, de ambiente académico e de aspectos psicológicos da personalidade. A identificação e rastreamento desses fatores conduzem a debates sobre a saúde mental do estudante do ensino superior e sua relação com desencadeamento do sofrimento psíquico, e estimulam ações para intervenção fortalecendo a perspectiva psicossocial do sujeito

Analysis of the behavior of children victims of burnings during surgical dressing without anesthetical drugs in infirmary

O caráter aversivo de muitos procedimentos médicos é amplamente divulgado na literatura. Tais procedimentos são considerados como estressores em potencial, principalmente no caso de pacientes pediátricos vítimas de queimaduras. O acidente por queimadura é responsável por uma experiência extremamente aversiva para a criança. Associados a ele estão os efeitos negativos ao desenvolvimento adequado dessa criança, decorrentes da hospitalização e de procedimentos médicos invasivos utilizados no tratamento. As crianças vítimas de queimaduras são constantemente submetidas à realização de procedimentos, como curativos, fisioterapia, que são tidos como extremamente aversivos e inerentes ao tratamento. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar os comportamentos emitidos por crianças vítimas de queimaduras durante procedimento de curativo sem sedação realizado em enfermaria. Participaram seis crianças com idades entre seis e doze anos. Utilizou-se: (a) roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturado com perguntas sobre dados sociodemográficos e questões referentes ao acidente que ocasionou a queimadura, e (b) escala de observação de distresse comportamental (Observation Scale of Distress Behavior [OSDB]). Os resultados apontam que todas as crianças apresentaram uma freqüência de comportamentos concorrentes superior a 80%, em comparação aos comportamentos não-concorrentes. Houve um maior predomínio das categorias comportamentais: protestar (43%), comportar-se de modo nervoso (24%) e chorar (20%). Dentre as categorias de comportamentos não concorrentes, as que tiveram a maior freqüência foram: falar (37,5%) e responder verbalmente (25%). Dessa forma, ressalta-se que procedimentos médicos invasivos necessitam de intervenções que visem à diminuição do sofrimento comportamental da criança.The aversive nature of many medical procedures is widely available in the literature. These procedures are considered as potential stressors, especially in pediatric patients affected by burns. Burning is a highly aversive experience for the child. Associated with it are the negative effects to the proper development of children resulting from hospitalization and invasive medical procedures used in treatment. Child victims of burns are constantly exposed to procedures such as dressings, physiotherapy, which are regarded as extremely aversive and related to treatment. This study aimed to analyse behaviors of children suffering burns during dressing procedure performed without sedation in the ward. Attended six children aged between six and twelve years. Used: (a) roadmap for semi-structured questions on sociodemographic data and questions relating to the accident which caused the burn, and (b) scale of behavioral observation (Observation Scale of Behavioral Distress [OSDB]). The results indicate that all children had a higher frequency of behaviors competitors to 80%, as opposed to non-competitive behavior. There was a higher prevalence of behavioral categories: protesting (43%), behave nervously (24%) and crying (20%). Among the categories of not competitor behavior, those which had the greatest frequency were: talking (37.5%) and answering (25%). Thus, invasive medical procedures require interventions aimed at reducing the suffering of children.

2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

Diabetic foot care: investigation of variables that determine the rule following treatment

One of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) is neuropathy that affects the skin sensitivity, causing decreased or even absent, facilitating the development of diabetic foot. Such complications can be reduced with adherence to treatment rules of foot care for diabetic patients. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of rules, justifications for tracking and social reinforcement, and also compare the effects of a questionnaire (Questionnaire 2 - Q2) specifying the behavior of foot care with effect from another questionnaire ( Questionnaire 1 - Q1) without specifying such behaviors in six diabetic adults through the following instruments: Interview Script Initial Script Initial Questions, Observation Protocol feet, Questionnaire 2 - List of Behaviors Care Feet, Quiz 1 - Protocol Questions about Behavior Care Feet, Rules and Foot Care Rules with Additional Justifications for Foot Care. Seven meetings were held weekly, in which participants were exposed to procedure A (Baseline [Q2] - Q1 - Q2) and procedure B (Baseline [Q1] - Q2 - Q1) in Conditions 1 (social reinforcement), 2 (justification) and 3 (without social reinforcement / without justification). The results showed that half of the participants reported receiving no guidance foot care, four of the six had anatomical deformities in the feet, all had some aspect circulatory and dermatological, and only one participant wearing proper footwear. Terms of reported behaviors of foot care, it was found that participants exposed to Q2 (P11a, P21a and P31a) had a larger number of reports than participants exposed to Q1 (P12b, P22b and P32b). However, there is clear evidence in this study, treatment adherence. One fact that supports this assertion is the fact that the number of reported behaviors of foot care, participants presented P11a, P21a and P31a have decreased when these participants were exposed to Q1.CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoUma das complicações mais grave do Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é a neuropatia, que compromete a sensibilidade cutânea, causando diminuição ou mesmo ausência, facilitando o desenvolvimento do pé diabético. Tal complicação pode ser amenizada com a adesão às regras de tratamento de cuidados com os pés pelos pacientes diabéticos. Portanto, este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos de regras, de justificativas para seu seguimento e de reforço social, e ainda comparar os efeitos de um questionário (Questionário 2 – Q2) com especificação dos comportamentos de cuidados com os pés com efeitos de outro questionário (Questionário 1- Q1) sem especificação tais comportamentos, em seis adultos diabéticos, através dos seguintes instrumentos: Roteiro de Entrevista Inicial, Roteiro de Perguntas Iniciais, Protocolo de Observação dos pés, Questionário 2 – Lista de Comportamentos de Cuidados com os Pés, Questionário 1 – Protocolo de Perguntas sobre os Comportamentos de Cuidados com os Pés, Regras de Cuidados com os Pés e Regras com Justificativas Adicionais para os Cuidados com os Pés. Foram realizados sete encontros semanais, nos quais os participantes foram expostos ao procedimento A (Linha de base [Q2] - Q1 - Q2) e procedimento B (Linha de base [Q1] - Q2 - Q1) nas Condições 1 (reforço social), 2 (justificativas) e 3 (sem reforço social/sem justificativas). Os resultados mostraram que metade dos participantes relatou não ter recebido nenhuma orientação de cuidados com os pés; quatro dos seis apresentavam deformidades anatômicas nos pés; todos apresentaram algum aspecto dermatológico e circulatório; e somente um participante usava calçado adequado. Quanto ao relato de comportamentos de cuidados com os pés, verificou-se que os participantes expostos ao Q2 (P11a, P21a e P31a) apresentaram um número maior de relatos do que os participantes expostos ao Q1 (P12b, P22b e P32b). Contudo, não há evidências claras, no presente estudo, de adesão ao tratamento. Um dado que apoia esta afirmação é o fato de o número de relatos de comportamentos de cuidados com os pés, apresentados participantes P11a, P21a e P31a ter diminuído quando estes participantes foram expostos ao Q1

Dinâmica da comunidade arbórea em uma floresta estacional semidecidual sob queimadas recorrentes

Os efeitos do fogo sobre a mortalidade de árvores podem alterar a composição e estrutura da vegetação, dependendo da intensidade, frequência e duração das queimadas. Monitoramos áreas de floresta sujeitas a diferentes frequências de fogo no Parque Estadual da Serra Azul, Barra do Garças, MT: 0,9 ha queimaram em 2007 (Q1) e 0,9 ha em 2005 e 2007 (Q2). A dinâmica foi referente ao intervalo médio de 2,02 anos, de forma que o primeiro levantamento (T1) ocorreu em outubro/2006-maio/2007 e o segundo levantamento (T2) em março/2009, considerando indivíduos com PAP > 15 cm. A diversidade (H') e a riqueza de espécies (estimada por Jackknife) foram maiores em Q2, nos dois levantamentos. Ocorreu a diminuição significativa na densidade em Q1 e Q2, mas a proporção de indivíduos mortos foi maior em Q1. Os parâmetros da dinâmica baseados no número de indivíduos e na área basal não diferiram entre Q1 e Q2. O aumento da diversidade na área sujeita a maior frequência de queimadas pode ser explicada pela hipótese de distúrbio intermediário. Entretanto, apesar da mortalidade e recrutamento não terem diferido entre Q1 e Q2, as altas taxas de mudança, independentes da frequência do fogo, sugerem futuras alterações florísticas e estruturais na floresta, caso as queimadas continuem ocorrendo na área

Opuntia ficus-indica is an excellent eco-friendly biosorbent for the removal of chromium in leather industry effluents

In Brazil, the leather industry is an important economic segment moving around U$ 3 billions of dollars a year. However, high amounts of water are requested to transform skin animals into leather, causing high wastewater amounts to be consequently produced. A major problem is attached to the presence of chromium in the wastewater from the tanning process. Chromium is a heavy metal potentially toxic both to the environment and to the human health. In order to control the levels of chrome dumped into the environment, Brazilian agencies require the treatment of effluents by the generating source. Thus, this study aimed to develop an alternative method to the removal of chromium in wastewater from the leather industry using the Opuntia ficus-indica biomass as eco-friendly biosorbent. Crude waste samples were collected in a tannery stabilization pond for chromium quantification and further treatments. The powdered Opuntia ficus-indica was obtained from species collected in Pernambuco, Brazil, and its physical parameters and pHPCZ were characterized. Adsorptions studies and acute toxicity were also carried out. The biomass remaining after the sorption was analyzed through scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The chromium content was above the limit allowed by the Brazilian regulatory agency. In sorption studies, biomass was able to remove 74.8% and 84.88% of Cr (III) using 2.0 g and 4.0 g of biomass, respectively. The surface of biomass is very favorable to biosorption and the chemical bindings among oxygen atoms present in the chemical components of this biomass and the heavy metal was confirmed through infrared spectrum. This study proved that Opuntia ficus-indica is effectively biosorbent to chromium, promising and with low costs for the leather industry, able to reduce its ecotoxicity as proven by chemical and biological assays