Impact of the Inter-Relay Handoff on the Relaying System Performance

It is foreseen that the next generation of cellular network would integrate the relaying or multihop scheme. In a multihop cellular architecture, the users are not only able to communicate directly to the base station (BS) but can also use some relay stations to relay their data to the BS. In such architecture, it may happen that a relayed user handover to another relay station during its communication: this process is called the inter-relay handoff. The main objective of this paper is to study how frequent the inter-relay handoff occurs and its impact on the relaying system performance. For this, different algorithms to decide when a user should inter-relay handover are proposed and tested through a dynamic system level simulator. We compare the capacity gain for the different algorithm with the conventional cellular networks using the UMTS FDD mode. The result showed that with an appropriate inter-relay handoff scheme, the uplink capacity gain of 35% is readily achievable

Analytical performance of closed loop power control quantized under fast fading for CDMA techniques

The performance of SIR-based Closed Loop power control (CLPC) is analytically analysed. The evaluation work has been carried out using the standard deviation of the power control error (PCE) as the performance metric. A non-linear control theory method is applied to the feedback system under fast fading. An analytical expression of the CLPC under fast fading is also produced. Finally a quantized-step size power control algorithm, replacing the hard limiter is considered. The proposed method is found to work considerably better for high speed MS as well as being a powerful tool to optimise the loop performance

The Effect of Educational Interventions on Sexual Behavior and Reproductive Health of Women: A Systematic Review

AbstractIntroduction: Reproductive and sexual health and its dimensions are important aspects of health in human life and the World Health Organization emphasizes to promote these section health indexes. Since a review study has not been conducted to identify an appropriate approach for intervention in this field. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of systematically reviewing the impact of educational and counseling interventions on sexual function of women.Methods: A comprehensive electronic search was carried out with no time limit until 6 August 2022. All published studies with inclusion criteria by 2021 were searched in Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, SID, and Magiran. The literature search was performed using PRISMA instructions. Cochrane Quality Assessment Scale [adapted for evaluating RCT, interventional studies] was used to evaluate the quality of the articles.Results: From a total of 93 articles obtained from the search in databases, by removing duplicate titles and checking the titles and summaries of the articles, 40 articles were obtained, and finally, after the final review of the full text of the articles, 21 articles were included in the present review. Due to the variety of interventional types in the studies, it was not possible to categorize counseling approaches. Studies showed that interventions based on sexual education and counseling were effective on the outcomes including marital satisfaction, sexual knowledge, sexual satisfaction, marital relationship quality and sexual performance.Conclusions: Designing a comprehensive educational program with an appropriate approach focusing on various aspects of reproductive and sexual health can be an important role in promoting sexual and reproductive health. Therefore, interventional studies are necessary to identify an appropriate intervention approach to enhance reproductive and sexual literacy of couples

Impaired IL-23-dependent induction of IFN-gamma underlies mycobacterial disease in patients with inherited TYK2 deficiency

Human cells homozygous for rare loss-of-expression (LOE) TYK2 alleles have impaired, but not abolished, cellular responses to IFN-alpha/beta (underlying viral diseases in the patients) and to IL-12 and IL-23 (underlying mycobacterial diseases). Cells homozygous for the common P1104A TYK2 allele have selectively impaired responses to IL-23 (underlying isolated mycobacterial disease). We report three new forms of TYK2 deficiency in six patients from five families homozygous for rare TYK2 alleles (R864C, G996R, G634E, or G1010D) or compound heterozygous for P1104A and a rare allele (A928V). All these missense alleles encode detectable proteins. The R864C and G1010D alleles are hypomorphic and loss-of-function (LOF), respectively, across signaling pathways. By contrast, hypomorphic G996R, G634E, and A928V mutations selectively impair responses to IL-23, like P1104A. Impairment of the IL-23-dependent induction of IFN-gamma is the only mechanism of mycobacterial disease common to patients with complete TYK2 deficiency with or without TYK2 expression, partial TYK2 deficiency across signaling pathways, or rare or common partial TYK2 deficiency specific for IL-23 signaling.ANRS Nord-Sud ; CIBSS ; CODI ; Comité para el Desarrollo de la Investigación ; Fulbright Future Scholarshi

A stabilising control strategy for Cyber-Physical Power Systems

The cyber-physical nature of electric power systems has increased immensely over the last decades, with advanced communication infrastructure paving the way. It is now possible to design wide-area controllers, relying on remote monitor and control of devices, that can tackle power system stability problems more effectively than local controllers. However, their performance and security relies extensively on the communication infrastructure and can make power systems vulnerable to disturbances emerging on the cyber side of the system. In this paper, we investigate the effect of communication delays on the performance of wide-area damping controllers (WADC) designed to stabilise oscillatory modes in a Cyber-Physical Power System (CPPS). We propose a rule-based control strategy that combines wide-area and traditional local stabilising controllers to increase the performance and maintain the stable operation of CPPS. The proposed strategy is validated on a reduced CPPS equivalent model of Great-Britain (GB)

Capacity Improvement of the Single Mode Air Interface WCDMA FDD with Relaying

A new way to model a CDMA-system applying relaying is proposed in this paper. This method makes it possible to compare directly the performance of relaying. The outage probability, which represents the ability of the users to reach the base Station, is chosen as criteria to compare the system with and without relaying. The model is based on the single mode air interface WCDMA FDD with a two-hop relay. When relaying is applied, the simulation results show that even by using the single mode FDD the uplink capacity is significantly improved by 82%. Also a new relay node selection strategy is proposed and the results show how important it is to choose appropriately the relay node. And finally, different scenarios of relaying are simulated to show when or when it is not better to apply relaying