Cuidado especial para las muestras de tejido bucal después de la biopsia: Almacenamiento y transporte adecuados — Un estudio comparativo.

Objective: Biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of oral lesions. Correct management and care of biopsy at all steps (before, during and after obtaining a biopsy) is highly important to provide proper tissue samples for microscopic assessment by pathologists. This study aimed to assess and compare the knowledge of dental students (DSs) and general dentists (GDs) on post-oral biopsy instructions. Material and Methods: A questionnaire including two parts was used: 1) Demographic data and self-evaluation of biopsy knowledge by the participants and 2) 11 items about the correct oral biopsy storage and transport to a histopathology laboratory. The data collected from the questionnaires were analyzed by STATA. Results: 48 GDs and 131 DSs participated in this study. The knowledge score of the DSs (5.43±2.01) was significantly lower than GDs (8.33±1.78) (p<0.05). Moreover, there was no significant relationship between GDs' knowledge and their working experience, age, gender and the university they graduated from. However, there was a significant relationship between DSs' school year and their knowledge. Conclusion: The findings showed that the knowledge of DSs was lower than GDs. Since, these students will care for the oral and dental health of the community in the future, upgrading their training (by improving the quantity and quality of theoretical and practical training) is necessary to both understand the different aspects of biopsy, and to be familiar enough with proper oral biopsy storage and transport processes.Objetivo: La biopsia es el estándar de oro para el diagnóstico de lesiones bucales. El manejo y cuidado correctos de la biopsia durante todos los pasos (antes, durante y después de obtener una biopsia) es muy importante para proporcionar muestras de tejido adecuadas para la evaluación microscópica por parte de los patólogos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar y comparar los conocimientos de estudiantes de odontología (SD) y dentistas generales (GD) sobre las instrucciones posteriores a la biopsia oral. Material y Métodos: Se utilizó un cuestionario que constaba de dos partes: 1) Datos demográficos y autoevaluación del cono-cimiento de la biopsia por parte de los participantes y 2) 11 ítems sobre el correcto almacenamiento y trans-porte de la biopsia oral a un laboratorio de histopatología. STATA analizó los datos recopilados de los cuestionarios.Resultados: 48 GD y 131 SD participaron en este estudio. La puntuación de conocimiento de los DS (5,43 ± 2,01) fue significativamente menor que la de los GD (8,33 ± 1,78) (p <0,05). Además, no hubo una relación significativa entre los conocimientos de los GD y su experiencia laboral, edad, género y la universidad de la que se graduaron. Sin embargo, hubo una relación significativa entre el año escolar de los DS y sus conocimientos. Conclusión: Los hallazgos mostraron que el conocimiento de los SD era menor que el de los GD. Dado que estos estudiantes se ocuparán de la salud bucodental de la comunidad en el futuro, es necesario mejorar su formación (mejorando la cantidad y calidad de la formación teórica y práctica) tanto para comprender los diferentes aspectos de la biopsia como para estar familiarizados suficientemente con los procesos adecuados de almacenamiento y transporte de biopsias orales

The incidence of permanent congenital hypothyroidism: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: One of the most prevalent endocrine disorders is congenital hypothyroidism (CH). The most important complication of this disorder is mental retardation. This study was carried out to evaluate CH prevalence based on newborn screening of CH in different countries through a meta-analysis study.METHODS: The researchers in this study searched the literature among PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, ISI Web of Sciences and Web of Knowledge, and Science Direct databases. The evaluations were carried out using a researcher-made checklist including goals and research questions. Meta-regression with the Mantel-Haenszel method was performed using a random effects model and Egger’s test (ET) and Begg’s test (BT) by the STATA software.RESULTS: A total of 10875 studies were found in the initial literature search related to CH. Ultimately, based on the eligibility criteria considered in the present study, 25 studies were categorized as qualified for systematic review and meta-analysis. The estimate of the CH prevalence among the screened neonates in the studies based on the random effects model was 4.85 per 10000 [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.04- 5.66].CONCLUSION: Due to the importance of CH related diseases especially for detection of type of hypothyroidism, it is necessary more surveillance be carried out in all countries. Based on Different studies, recognition of the most CH patients is before age 1 year so it helps to reduction the risks of developmental delay, and delayed physiological development and mental retardation

Assessing biological and chemical indicators of water used in Dialysis Ward of one of the Sanandaj hospitals

The used dialysis liquid is considered as the largest volume of water used in medicine. The concentrated liquid is manufactured in equal commercial quality and fully controlled procedure. But the quality of water used may pose different qualities. Using ordinary tap water to dialysate has always the possibility of transmission of potentially toxic substances from the patient's blood along with it. Therefore, the quality of water used to prepare dialysis solution is of great importance. The aim of this study was to determine microbial and chemical parameters of water used in dialysis center in one of the hospitals in Sanandaj City. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study in which 35 water samples from 10 hemodialysis machine were randomly selected. The study was performed in the second quarter of 2015. The chemical sampling was carried out once per month while the microbial sampling was taken twice per month. Evaluation of chemical and microbial indicators of water used in the dialysis ward of the hospital in Sanandaj showed that the water does not have microbial contamination but exceeding elements such as nitrite, sodium, calcium, and magnesium than the standard in some of the samples make it essential to do further monitoring of the water treated in dialysis ward

Prevalence of Taurodont Molars in a Selected Iranian Adult Population

Introduction: Taurodontism is an anomaly characterized by elongated crowns and consumedly apical location of the bifurcation area. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of taurodontism in molars based on digital panoramic radiographies in eight cities of Iran. Methods and Materials: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 2360 digital panoramic radiographs taken for different treatment purposes. Demographic information of patients was recorded and radiographs were evaluated for presence of taurodont molars. The prevalence rates were calculated and the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18 via paired t-test, chi square test and ANOVA. Results: A total of 2360 panoramic radiographs (from 51.4% male and 48.6% female patients) were evaluated and the prevalence of taurodontism was reported 22.9% (22.6% in males and 23.3% in females) (P>0.05). Its prevalence was 51.67% in the right and 48.33% in the left quadrants (P>0.05), 34.1% in the mandible and 65.9% in the maxilla (P=0.000) and 79.52% in the second and 20.48% in the first molar (P=0.000). The prevalence of hypotaurodontism, mesotaurodontism and hypertaurodontism was 84.13%, 11.07% and 4.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of taurodont molars was high in Iran and it was more common in the second molars and in the maxilla. Hypotaurodontism had the highest prevalence.Keywords: Molar; Panoramic; Prevalence; Radiography; Taurodontis

Effect of Blended Education on Nursing Students’ Awareness and Attitude Towards Organ Donation: A Solomon Four-Group Study

Background: Organ donation requires management to promote awareness and create the proper culture in all societies. Awareness and attitude of students and nursing staff can affect the process of donating organs. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of blended education on the awareness and attitude of nursing students towards organ donation. Methods: In this clinical trial study, which used a Solomon four-group design, 94 undergraduate nursing students from Azad University of Sanandaj in 2016 were selected by the census method and randomly assigned to four groups. The data collection tool included demographic data and the Organ Donation Awareness and Attitude Questionnaire blended education was provided to students through a one-day interactive workshop and social networks for 2 weeks. Before and after the intervention, students’ awareness and attitude were evaluated. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 16 using Fisher, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: The comparison of the awareness level after the intervention in the four groups showed statistically significant differences (P = 0.0001). Moreover, there was a significant difference in the attitude level after the intervention between the four groups (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Blended education increases the awareness and attitude of nursing students. Thus, trainers and educators are suggested using blended education to train students regarding donation. Moreover, it is recommended to include the topic of donation in the nurse’s curriculum. Keywords Organ Donation Nurse Student Educatio

Effect of Simulation-Based Debriefing on Nursing Students’ Competence in Medication Administration: An Experimental Study

Background: Medication error represents one of the parameters of patient safety. Objectives: The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of the effect of simulation-based debriefing on adherence to correct principles and medication administration competence in nursing students. Methods: Internship nursing students entered this experimental study using the census method. Afterward, the participants were assigned to intervention (n=18) and control (n=17) groups. Two methods were employed for data collection, namely observation and self-report questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using STATA software (version 12) and non-parametric statistical tests. Results: A significant statistical difference was found between the mean scores of adherence to correct principles of medication administration and medication administration competence before, 2, and 5 weeks after the simulation in the intervention group (P=0.0001). Conclusion: The results revealed that the simulation-based debriefing improved the nursing students’ competence in medication administration. Therefore, this method in various groups of students and a clinical and practical environment is highly recommended for other students in clinical settings. Keywords: Students, Nursing, Medication Errors, Simulation Trainin

Effective Medicinal Plant in Cancer Treatment, Part 2.

Cancer is the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. With due attention to rapid progress in the phytochemical study of plants, they are becoming popular because of their anticancer effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effective medicinal plants in the treatment of cancer and study their mechanism of action. In order to gather information the keywords "traditional medicine," "plant compounds," "medicinal plant," "medicinal herb," "toxicity," "anticancer effect," "cell line," and "treatment" were searched in international databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus and national databases such as Magiran, Sid, and Iranmedex, and a total of 228 articles were collected. In this phase, 49 nonrelevant articles were excluded. Enhancement P53 protein expression, reducing the expression of proteins P27, P21, NFκB expression and induction of apoptosis, inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway, and reduction of the level of acid phosphatase and lipid peroxidation are the most effective mechanisms of herbal plants that can inhibit cell cycle and proliferation. Common treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy can cause some complications. According to results of this study, herbal extracts have antioxidant compounds that can induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation by the investigated mechanisms