Production of Biogas and Performance Evaluation of Ultrasonic Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS) for Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment (POME)

This study proposes a new approach for integrated technology of ultrasonic and membrane for a palm oil mill effluent treatment. This study evaluated the performance of the new design of ultrasonic membrane anaerobic system (UMAS) when a palm oil mill effluent (POME) introduces this approach. To fit kinetic study, six steady states were investigated and the results have shown that the mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSSs) range from 10,400 to 17,350 mg/l while the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSSs) range from 13,800 to 22,600 mg/l. Three kinetic models of Monod, Contois, and Chen and Hashimoto were used to evaluate the integrated system at organic loading rates ranging from 1 to 15 kg COD/m3/day. The percentage efficiency of COD removal was from 92.8 to 98.3%, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) was from 500.8 to 8.6 days. The influent COD concentrations of the POME ranged from 70,400 to 90,200 mg/l.The integrated technology of UMAS is a more attractive one as it avoids membrane fouling problems

Kinetics Study of Sewage Sludge Treatment by Anaerobic Digestion

This study was carried out to evaluate the applicability of three known kinetics models (Monod, Contois and Chen and Hashimoto), overall microbial kinetics, as well as to experimentally assess the influence of the organic loading rates and retention times on kinetic models. To accomplish the objectives of this study, a 50 litre laboratory scaled membrane anaerobic system (MAS) combining ultrafiltration (UP) membrane with anaerobic reactor was used to treat raw sewage sludge, which collected from Taman Tun Dr. Ismail, sewage treatment plant (T.T.Dr.Ismail). Six steady states were attained as a part of a kinetic study. The results of all SIX . steady states were successfully fitted, above 98%, by Monod, Contois, and Chen and Hashimoto models. Contois model appeared to be the best at 99.7%. The microbial kinetic constants were Y = 0.74 gVSS/gCOD and b = 0.20 day-I. The minimum solids retention time, Be min obtained from the three kinetic models ranged from 5-16.9 days. The total gas yield obtained ranged from 0.28 VgCOD/d to 0.81 VgCOD/d at organic loading rate (OLR) of between 0.1kgCOD/m3.d to 10 kgCOD/m3d. The solids retention time (SRT) decreased from 1250 days to 16.1 days, (from SSI to SS6). The composition of methane gas, CH4 varied from 66.3% to 76.3%. At CH4, 66.3%, the solids retention time and hydraulic retention time were found to be 16.1 day and 7.8 days, with the COD removal efficiency range of between 96.5 - 99 % as well as high solids retention time 8c• The range of mixed liquor suspended solids was from 12760 mg/l to 21800 mg/l. The two methods of membrane cleaning (Mild brushing , flush with water and soak membrane in 0.1 M NaOH for day), were very important in order to increase the permeate flux and flowrate. The flux recovery time was 15 to 18 days. The maximum and minimum level of the flux were found to be 62. 1 Vm2 /hr and 6.9 Vm2/hr respectively

Stabilization of crude oil emulsions using different surfactants

Emulsions can be found in different industries such as petroleum, food, cosmetic and pharmaceutics. Generally, there are two types of emulsions in petroleum industries: water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W). The aim of this research was to evaluate the stability of W/O emulsions using different emulsifiers such as Span 80, Span 83, Triton-x-100, DEA, and LSWR with different concentrations (1.5 and 2.5) vol%. All the emulsions were prepared at (20-80) vol% and 2000 rpm. The result of this study showed that the most stable emulsions were prepared by Span 80. However, LSWR formed the most unstable emulsions. In addition, it was also found that the concentration of emulsifier can significantly affect the emulsion stability

Emulsion types, stability mechanisms and rheology: A review

Emulsions have been widely used in different industrial processes. The development and production of good quality emulsions depend on the knowledge of emulsion preparation, stability mechanisms and rheological studies. To form stable emulsions, an emulsifier is required to reduce the droplet sizes of the emulsions and enhance the emulsion stability. The purpose of this review article is to provide information about types of emulsions, stability mechanisms and rheological studies as well as factor affecting the stability of emulsions

Effect of synthesized ump surfactant for emulsification and stabilization of water-incrude oil emulsions

With the increasing energy crisis and the drive to reduce CO 2emissions, universities and industries are challenged to find new technologies in order to reduce energy consumption, to meet legal requirements on emissions, and for cost reduction and increased quality. In the conventional combustion process, fuel is combined with air and turned. The result is carbon dioxide, water vapour and heavy oxides of Nitrogen, which are a prime cause of chemical smog. If water could largely replace air as a source of oxygen in combustion, this would avoid the large amounts of Nitrogen introduced by air. And thus eliminate much of the noxious Nitrogen oxides. This invention makes the replacement of air as source of Oxygen by water (30%).The invention is highly a new contribution for energy sources and highly reduces the emission problems cause by Nitrogen Oxides

The potentials of an integrated ultrasonic membrane anaerobic system, iumas for pome treatment

With the increasing energy crisis and the drive to reduce CO2 emissions, universities and industries are challenged to find new technologies in order to reduce energy consumption, to meet legal requirements on emissions, and for cost reduction and increased quality. The direct discharge of Palm Oil Mill Effluent, POME wastewater causes serious environmental pollution due to its high chemical oxygen demand (COD), Total suspended solids (TSS) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Traditional ways for POME wastewater treatment have both economical and environmental disadvantages. In this study, ultrasonic assisted-membrane anaerobic system (UMAS) was used as an alternative, cost effective method for treating POME wastewater (to avoid membrane fouling)

Effect of Process Parameters on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol in Oilfield Produced Wastewater using ZnO/Fe2O3 Nanocomposites.

The upstream processing of crude oil is often associated with the presence of phenolic compounds when not properly treated could result in adverse effects on human health. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of process parameters on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol. The ZnO/Fe2O3 nanocomposite photocatalyst was prepared by sol-gel method and characterized using various instrument techniques. The characterized ZnO/Fe2O3 nanocomposite displayed suitable physicochemical properties for the photocatalytic reaction. The ZnO/Fe2O3 nanocomposite was employed for the phenol degradation in a cylindrical batch reactor under solar radiation. The photocatalytic runs show that calcination temperature of the ZnO/Fe2O3 nanocomposite, catalyst loading, initial phenol concentration and pH of the wastewater significantly influence the photocatalytic degradation of phenol. After 180 min of solar radiation, the highest phenol degradation of 92.7% was obtained using the ZnO/Fe2O3 photocatalyst calcined at 400 ºC. This study has demonstrated that phenol degradation is significantly influenced by parameters such as calcination temperature of the ZnO/Fe2O3 nanocomposite, catalyst loading, initial phenol concentration and pH of the wastewater resulting in highest phenol degradation using the ZnO/Fe2O3 nanocomposite calcined at 400 ºC, initial phenol concentration of 0.5 mg/L, catalyst loading of 3 mg/L and pH of 3. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

A review study on the potential of microalgae biomass producing biopolymer material

This review focuses on the potential of microalgae biomass in producing biopolymer materials. Microalgae have gained attention as a sustainable and renewable source of energy and other useful products such as biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. One promising application of microalgae is as a source of biopolymers, which can be used as a sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics. The review is conducted through a comprehensive search of electronic databases, screening of relevant articles, and synthesis of information obtained from the selected studies. The review also critically evaluates the strengths and limitations of the existing research on the potential of microalgae biomass in producing biopolymer materials. The outcomes in this review highlights key findings related to the potential applications of microalgae biomass in producing biopolymers and identifies areas for future research. The conclusions and recommendations of this review are important for guiding the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly biopolymer materials

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds (Review)

In recent times, bioactive compounds from plant samples are extracted using a microwave extractor. This is because traditional methods of extraction are need of higher volume of solvents, degrade thermal-sensitive bioactive compounds, and consume much time of extraction. Hence, this chapter unveils the importance of the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique in the recovery of bioactive compounds from plants. The involving extraction steps need to recover higher yields, faster, consumption of lesser extracting solvents, and ensure stable heat-sensitive bioactive compounds. The factors affecting MAE in the recovery of bioactive compounds from plant materials are as well discussed. Additionally, some of the previously reported bioactive compounds from plant samples using MAE are highlighted