Preparation of dilute magnetic semiconductor films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

A method for preparation of a dilute magnetic semiconductor (DMS) film is provided, in which a Group II metal source, a Group VI metal source and a transition metal magnetic ion source are pyrolyzed in the reactor of a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system by contact with a heated substrate. As an example, the preparation of films of Cd(sub 1-x)Mn(sub x)Te, in which 0 is less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.7, on suitable substrates (e.g., GaAs) is described. As a source of manganese, tricarbonyl (methylcyclopentadienyl) manganese (TCPMn) is employed. To prevent TCPMn condensation during its introduction into the reactor, the gas lines, valves and reactor tubes are heated. A thin-film solar cell of n-i-p structure, in which the i-type layer comprises a DMS, is also described; the i-type layer is suitably prepared by MOCVD

Impact of Regulatory Agencies on the Efficiency of Publicly-Owned Utilities

We compare the economic efficiency of a publicly-owned utility directly controlled by the government with a publicly-owned utility regulated by a public utility commission (PUC). Regulation by a PUC is modelled as a Nash equilibrium of a game between two principals, the government and the PUC, each of them having control over a subset of decision variables determining the utility performance. A utility manager, who has private information over a productivity parameter, is the agent. Comparisons of both regulatory regimes are made with respect to output, choice of inputs, manager's information rent and firm's profit. Reasons for which the government should prefer one regulatory regime over the other are discussed. The recent regulatory reform of electricity markets in the province of Quebec (Canada) provides an illustration of the model.Regulation, Public Enterprises

Facet modulation selective epitaxy–a technique for quantum-well wire doublet fabrication

The technique of facet modulation selective epitaxy and its application to quantum-well wire doublet fabrication are described. Successful fabrication of wire doublets in the AlxGa1–xAs material system is achieved. The smallest wire fabricated has a crescent cross section less than 140 Å thick and less than 1400 Å wide. Backscattered electron images, transmission electron micrographs, cathodoluminescence spectra, and spectrally resolved cathodoluminescence images of the wire doublets are presented

Activities of Medical Educational Development Center from the Views of the Faculty Members of Kerman Medical Sciences University

Background: The necessity of improving academic and higher education quality, particularly in Medical Sciences Universities and increasing the efficiency of Health care and Remedy programs are obvious. Medical Educational Development Centers try to achieve their goals in the areas of curriculum planning, teacher training, continuing education, evaluation and research in education. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the views of the faculty members of Kerman Medical Sciences University about the activities of Medical Educational development center. Methods: This cross-sectional study carried out in 2003. The sample consisted of the faculty members of Kerman Medical Sciences University (N=307) of which about half (n=145) were selected by simple random sampling. Data were gathered through a researcher – made questionnaire that rated by experts for validity and computed internal consistency reliability with cronbach’ alpha coefficient of (r=0.79). Results: According to the results, the most accepted activities of the center were “Designing and carrying out clinical skills educational programs for medical students” (96.6%), “active participation in the revision of medical educational programs” (93.1%), “cooperation with educational departments in designing lesson plans based on new materials and resources” and “Holding educational workshops for the familiarization of the faculty members with new medical softwares and their applications” (each 92.4%). While the least accepted activities were providing “facility for lectures”, “access to resources, gathering and symposiums on medical education” and “taking advantage of the experienced instructors in designing programs for the center” (each 61.4%), “participation in the evaluation of research projects and dissertations” and “helping the medical society to have a better understanding of the changing medical needs of the community” (each 67%). In whole by obtaining 78.7% of the total score, the faculty members showed a relatively positive view towards current activities of the center. From all subjects, 87.5% showed tendency for participating in the activities of the center. Conclusion: The positive view of the faculty members towards current activities of the center is a turning point in further expansion of the center and establishing the same units in all colleges to improve medical education goals

Preparation of dilute magnetic semiconductor films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

A method for preparation of a dilute magnetic semiconductor (DMS) film is provided, wherein a Group II metal source, a Group VI metal source and a transition metal magnetic ion source are pyrolyzed in the reactor of a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system by contact with a heated substrate. As an example, the preparation of films of Cd.sub.1-x Mn.sub.x Te, wherein 0.ltoreq..times..ltoreq.0.7, on suitable substrates (e.g., GaAs) is described. As a source of manganese, tricarbonyl (methylcyclopentadienyl) maganese (TCPMn) is employed. To prevent TCPMn condensation during the introduction thereof int the reactor, the gas lines, valves and reactor tubes are heated. A thin-film solar cell of n-i-p structure, wherein the i-type layer comprises a DMS, is also described; the i-type layer is suitably prepared by MOCVD

Simulating the phase behavior of the Kuramoto tree

The Kuramoto model is a versatile mathematical framework that explains phenomena resulting from interactions among phase oscillators. It finds applications in various scientific and engineering domains. In this study, we focused on a Y-shaped network, which serves as the fundamental unit of a tree network. By simulating oscillators on the network, we generated heat maps for different numbers of nodes and coupling strengths and demonstrated the occurrence of different phases. Our findings reveal transitions between synchronization, wave state, and chaos within the system

The effect of mothers' participation and the family-centered care on mother's anxiety with children suffering from gastrointestinal infections: a randomized clinical trial

زمینه و هدف: بستری شدن کودک یکی از ترسناک ترین حوادث زندگی برای کودکان و والدین و از مهم ترین علل پیدایش اضطراب در آنان می باشد. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین تاثیر مشارکت و مراقبت خانواده محور بر اضطراب مادران کودکان مبتلا به عفونت گوارشی انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه کار آزمایی بالینی تعداد 90 مادر دارای کودک مبتلا به عفونت گوارشی به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی در دو گروه برابر کنترل و آزمون قرار گرفتند. در گروه مداخله کودکان مراقبت مشارکتی را دریافت نمودند. در گروه کنترل کودکان تحت مراقبت های معمول قرار گرفتند. اضطراب مادران در زمان ترخیص با استفاده از پرسشنامه استاندارد اضطراب آشکار و پنهان اسپیلبرگر تعیین و در دو گروه مقایسه شد. یافته ها: میانگین سنی 90 مادری که مطالعه را به پایان رساندند 32/4±86/28 سال بود. از نظر ویژگی های جمعیت شناسی اختلاف معناداری بین دو گروه وجود نداشت. در زمان ترخیص میانگین نمره کلی اضطراب مادران در گروه کنترل 43/5 ±29/101 و در گروه مداخله 22/7± 71/80 بدست آمد؛ که این کاهش در گروه مداخله نسبت به گروه کنترل معنی دار بود (001/0

Effectiveness of autogenic training and affect regulation training on anxiety sensitivity in women with type-2 Diabetes

Aims: Diabetes and intermittent periods of fluctuations in blood sugar levels are associated with stress and negative emotions. Due to the fact that these patients are prone to emotional problems, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of autogenic training and affect regulation training on anxiety sensitivity in women with type-2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design and control group. The statistical population included all women with type-2 diabetes in Tehran who referred to diabetes control centers in 2020. Among them, 45 people were selected by available sampling and replaced in two experimental and one control groups. All three groups completed anxiety sensitivity questionnaire. Autogenic training and affect regulation training were performed on the experimental groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The analysis of the results showed that both autogenic training and affect regulation training reduced anxiety sensitivity in women with type 1 diabetes (p<0.00), but the effectiveness of autogenic training was not significantly different from affect regulation training (p >0.001). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that affect regulation training by accepting and expressing the negative emotions, reduced anxiety sensitivity in women with type-2 diabetes. Also, people with high anxiety sensitivity are incapable of moment-to-moment awareness without judgment. Thus, through autogenic training, the skill of processing thoughts and observing emotion as objective events in the mind is strengthened

Effectiveness of autogenic training and affect regulation training on anxiety sensitivity in women with type 2 diabetes

Objective: Diabetes and intermittent periods of fluctuations in blood sugar levels are associated with stress and negative emotions. Due to the fact that these patients are prone to emotional problems, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of autogenic training and affect regulation training on anxiety sensitivity in women with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design and control group. The statistical population included all women with type 2 diabetes in Tehran who referred to diabetes control centers in 2020. Among them, 45 people were selected by available sampling and replaced in two experimental and one control groups. All three groups completed anxiety sensitivity questionnaire. Autogenic training and affect regulation training were performed on the experimental groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The analysis of the results showed that both autogenic training and affect regulation training reduced anxiety sensitivity in women with type 1 diabetes (P<0.00), but the effectiveness of autogenic training was not significantly different from affect regulation training (P >0.001). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that affect regulation training by accepting and expressing the negative emotions, reduced anxiety sensitivity in women with type 2 diabetes. Also, people with high anxiety sensitivity are incapable of moment-to-moment awareness without judgment. Thus, through autogenic training, the skill of processing thoughts and observing emotion as objective events in the mind is strengthened

The study of palliative care and its relationship with quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure. in 2014-2015

Background and aims: Chronic heart failure typically results in progressive debilitation, a deteriorating quality of life and distressing symptoms, especially at the end of life. The aim of this study was to investigate palliative care and its relationship with quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure. Methods: In this descriptive analytic study, 100 patients with chronic heart failure were selected from Imam Khomeini hospital of Jiroft in 2014-2015. They were entered in the study with written satisfaction. Biographic information questionnaire, Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), and patients care questionnaire made by researcher were used that life quality questionnaire was filled in three stages(admission time in the hospital, discharge time and a month later) and palliative care questionnaire was filled in one stage (during discharge time and after receiving health team care). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlations, Mann -Whitney, Kruskal-wallis, Friedman tests and SPSS software at significant level (P<0.05). Results: Findings showed that the mean score of quality of life in admission time was (77.41±15.08), discharge time (66.96±15.66) and a month later (42.87±22.08). The mean of palliative care hospitalized patients was 68.73±14.59. There was a significant and positive relationship between quality of life and palliative care in the patients. This relationship between quality of life a month later and palliative care was better and more meaningful (r=-0.39) (P=0.0001) than quality of life in discharge time and palliative care (P=0.098) (r=-0.16). However, it was not observed a significant relationship between quality of life in admission time and palliative care in the patients (P=0.191). Conclusion: Palliative care is delivered rather good based on hospitalized patients' viewpoints. It can be useful to improve quality of life in chronic heart failure patients over time, so that most of patients after discharge of hospital and receiving health team cares found considerable improvement in quality of life. So, applied and continuous palliative care programs are recommended in nursing care programs