Labour exchange

This exhibition brings together works by painter Sarah Taylor and photography practitioner Magali Nougarède. ‘Labour Exchange’ was initially developed with Helen Sear who noticed similarities in Nougarède and Taylor’s practices. Research process: In their practice research, both artists use the domestic object as source material, especially soft furnishings re-appropriated from previous generations: fabrics, clothing, wallpaper, cloths, tea towels. These items are at the centre of the artists’ visual consciousness, both as objects of aesthetic fascination and as objects of historical and political significance. Taylor’s grandmother coveted objects to make her home look respectable, whilst Nougarède’s protestant family was entrenched in the production of linen, cottons and tea towels in the 19th and 20th century Normandy textile industry. Both artists see the domestic object as an opportunity to interrogate power relations, past and present, in terms of gender, class (especially in Taylor’s case) and political ideology, to address political inequities and reclaim histories. Research insights: Traditionally photography has been seen as inferior to painting, however it is the contemporary photographic discourse, defined by thinkers and writers such as Jo Spence, Annette Kuhn and John Tagg, that helps articulate some of the ideas for this exhibition. Both artists thrive on playing outside the boundaries of their own medium, contesting the parameters of both painting and photography. Conforming is not an option. Some of Taylor’s paintings made by direct application of paint laden fabric or cloth unto the canvass, at times adopt qualities of photographic exactness, whilst Nougarede’s high contrast enlarged tea towel grids printed on cotton rag paper may recall pencil marks on drawing paper. Dissemination: The exhibition was disseminated at BayArt Gallery, Bute Street, Cardiff Bay. Helen Sear led a pre-preview “In conversation” with artists Magali Nougarède and Sarah Taylor titled: A gendered perspective?

Mathematical Modelling of DNA Replication Reveals a Trade-off between Coherence of Origin Activation and Robustness against Rereplication

Eukaryotic genomes are duplicated from multiple replication origins exactly once per cell cycle. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a complex molecular network has been identified that governs the assembly of the replication machinery. Here we develop a mathematical model that links the dynamics of this network to its performance in terms of rate and coherence of origin activation events, number of activated origins, the resulting distribution of replicon sizes and robustness against DNA rereplication. To parameterize the model, we use measured protein expression data and systematically generate kinetic parameter sets by optimizing the coherence of origin firing. While randomly parameterized networks yield unrealistically slow kinetics of replication initiation, networks with optimized parameters account for the experimentally observed distribution of origin firing times. Efficient inhibition of DNA rereplication emerges as a constraint that limits the rate at which replication can be initiated. In addition to the separation between origin licensing and firing, a time delay between the activation of S phase cyclin-dependent kinase (S-Cdk) and the initiation of DNA replication is required for preventing rereplication. Our analysis suggests that distributive multisite phosphorylation of the S-Cdk targets Sld2 and Sld3 can generate both a robust time delay and contribute to switch-like, coherent activation of replication origins. The proposed catalytic function of the complex formed by Dpb11, Sld3 and Sld2 strongly enhances coherence and robustness of origin firing. The model rationalizes how experimentally observed inefficient replication from fewer origins is caused by premature activation of S-Cdk, while premature activity of the S-Cdk targets Sld2 and Sld3 results in DNA rereplication. Thus the model demonstrates how kinetic deregulation of the molecular network governing DNA replication may result in genomic instability

Sylviculture et chasses : une cohabitation impossible

Forestry versus hunting ? Divergent practices on the same forest area — such as wood production and hunting — lead to contradictions. Surveys made among several users of a forest of the Parisian Basin aim at studying how different practices are facing and thus clashing each other. The analysis of various ways of owning, working and using the same area shows that hunting deals more and more with money until it becomes incompatible with intensive forestry. For profitability's sake, some forest owners may soon have to choose to commercialize either cynegetic leisure or wood production.La superposition sur un même espace forestier de pratiques divergentes (production ligneuse et activités cynégétiques) est source de nombreuses contradictions. Dans cet article, on étudie sur la base d'enquêtes auprès des utilisateurs d'une forêt du Bassin Parisien, comment se confrontent ces diverses pratiques d'appropriation sociale ; on étudie aussi les conflits qu'elles engendrent. Cette analyse des différentes façons de posséder, de travailler, et d'utiliser un même espace permet de penser que la chasse en se transformant de plus en plus en activité monétarisée risque de devenir incompatible avec une sylviculture intensive. Pour rentabiliser leurs investissements en forêt, certains propriétaires devront-ils choisir entre la commercialisation de loisirs cynégétiques et celle de produits ligneux ?Nougarède Olivier. Sylviculture et chasses : une cohabitation impossible. In: Cahiers d'Economie et sociologie rurales, N°9, 4e trimestre 1988. pp. 45-69

L'Etat forestier en Lozere au 19e siecle

*Laboratoire de Recherches economiques et sociales de Rungis 3 rue du Caducee BP 333 94153 RUNGIS Cedex (FRA) Diffusion du document : Laboratoire de Recherches economiques et sociales de Rungis 3 rue du Caducee BP 333 94153 RUNGIS Cedex (FRA)National audienceCette communication est une synthese partielle de l'ouvrage Des annees entieres dans les bois lozeriens. Les agents et preposes des Eaux et Forets en Lozere du Code forestier a la Grande Guerre. INRA-Rungis, 1985,270 p. Son objet est de montrer comment une application locale de la politique forestiere nationale est la resultante de differentes tendances. Les transformations des systemes agraires montagnards jouent ainsi un grand role dans les possibilites de soumissions au regime forestier des bois communaux et dans les opportunites d'achats de terrains a reboiser au nom des lois de 1860 et 1882. D'autre part, la personnalite des officiers forestiers intervient enormement dans l'interpretation des lois et dans leur application concrete. Enfin, l'action ingrate et souvent meconnue des gardes forestiers, intermediaires entre la societe paysanne et l'administration superieure, est alors determinante dans les actions de surveillance des espaces boises et de repression des delits commis. Ainsi de la Monarchie de Juillet a l914, alors que la population baissait de 12 pour cent, ce sont plus de cents agents et des dizaines de preposes qui ont permis que la surface forestiere, geree par l'Etat, en Lozere, passe de moins de 5 000 hectares a plus de 30 000 hectares

Du fait social en histoire

Nougarède Olivier. Du fait social en histoire. In: Études rurales, n°125-126, 1992. Métallurgie à la campagne. pp. 167-171

Naussac en Margeride. Histoire économique et sociale d'une vallée noyée

Naussac en Margeride. Histoire économique et sociale d'une vallée noyé