An empirical study on relationship between intellectual capital and organizational entrepreneurship: A case study of Islamic Azad university of Semnan

This paper presents an empirical study to investigate the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational entrepreneurship. The proposed model of this paper designs a questionnaire and distributes it among some employees of Islamic Azad University of Semnan branch. For the proposed study, organizational entrepreneurship is considered as independent variable and intellectual capital components are considered as dependent variables. The questionnaire consists of 25 questions in eight different categories. In order to validate the overall questionnaire we have used Cronbach alpha where it was 72.9 for intellectual capital and it was 79.2 for Intrapreneurship. The results of testing various hypotheses indicate that there were positive and meaningful relationships between these two components

Evaluation of Mechanical and Chemical Parameters of Okra with Chitosan Coating in Nano Packaging Films and Atmospheric Modified Conditions

IntroductionThe quick deterioration of fruit and vegetables has led researchers to find a solution to increase the shelf life. Foodstuff packaging is a vital technology to maintain freshness, prevent deterioration, and physiological and mechanical damages, and increase the shelf life of fresh products. Employing various post-harvest technologies prevent light, heat, and humidity transmission and control the microorganism activity, thereby reducing the cost and maintaining the quality of fresh and processed products during storage. Fresh okra has a shelf life of 10 days and is stored at 1-10°C due to high respiration rate and moisture loss. Today, the use of nanotechnology in the packaging industry is developed and expanded. The aim of the packaging is to increase the shelf life and prevent bacterial and shipping damages, as well as control the humidity and gases transmission, thereby reducing food spoilage. Modified atmospheric packaging (MAP) is one of the famous methods for increasing the shelf life of fresh products in which the aging process is reduced by increasing CO2 and decreasing. Decreasing the respiration rate, producing ethylene, and metabolic reactions in the modified atmosphere lead to a reduction in product deterioration. The use of coatings and edible films is being increased in order to maintain sensitive features like flavors, fragrances, and the appearance of different products and increase the shelf time of fruits and vegetables. Chitosan edible coating is a non-fragrance and non-flavor polysaccharide with a high molecular weight that is widely used because of its antifungal, biological, and biochemical properties. Chitosan is a natural polymer obtained from chitin, which is abundantly found in crustacean shells. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of packaging films and chitosan coating under the modified atmosphere storage condition on qualitative and quantitative parameters of okra during storage.Materials and MethodsThe process of present research was performed in the Laboratory of Mechanical Properties and Rheology of the Biosystem Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, in 2016. Okra cv. Kano Dwarf was selected due to its short post-harvest life and provided by farms in Kermanshah Province. Okras were handpicked and they were free of any spots, contamination, or decay, with the almost same size and shape, without any mechanical and microbial damage. The treatments of the present study were chitosan covering, modified atmosphere by a gas mixture of 5% O2 + 10 CO2 + 85% N2, three types of packaging films including silicone nano-emulsion (Nano Bespar Aytak Co.), nano-polyethylene, and light polyethylene (LFO200), as well as two temperature levels of 1 ± 4°C (refrigerator) and 1 ± 25°C (room temperature). The influence of modified atmospheric treatments, chitosan coatings, and packaging films at two storage temperatures on chemical factors (pH and TSS) and mechanical properties including shear stress (TB), shear force (FB), shear modulus (GK) were evaluated at the end of 12 days of storage in a completely randomized design with a factorial experiment in three replications on Okra.Results and DiscussionAmong the films used, silicon nano emulsion film and chitosan coating were more able to maintain TSS. The pH value decreased due to the control of respiratory rate and corruption under modified atmospheric conditions. The mechanical properties of the samples showed that the shear stress changes of the coated sample were significantly less than the untreated ones compared to the beginning of the maintenance period. The sample stored at 4°C had less shear force during the storage period than similar specimens at 25°C. The modified atmosphere caused the shear modulus to decrease with increasing storage time compared to the beginning of the storage period.ConclusionThe results of the present research revealed that silicon nano-emulsion film has a higher capability in preserving the qualitative and quantitative properties of okra compared to other studied films. Between the two studied temperatures, 4°C storage temperature had better performance in preserving qualitative and quantitative properties of the okra compared to 25°C. The controlled atmosphere increases okra's shelf life due to reduced respiration rate. In general, maintenance of the products in a modified atmosphere package preserves the quality of the products and extends their shelf life

Evaluation of the causes of anxiety before OSCE in anesthesiology and operating room students of Ilam University of medical sciences

Background & Objective: Exam anxiety is one of the most common psychological problems and a deterrent to students' academic achievement. Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is one of the methods to assess the achievement of educational goals of anesthesiology and operating room students. One of the disadvantages of this test is that it causes anxiety in students. This study tends to investigate the causes of anxiety in operating room and anesthesiology students before administration of OSCE. Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 in Ilam University of Medical Sciences. The subjects were 50 anesthesiology and operating room students. All students completed the conscious satisfaction questionnaire and test anxiety inventory (TAI) on the day of the exam. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 20 using one-way ANOVA and independent ttest and Pearson correlation coefficient at a significant level of P<0.005. Results: In this study, 34 (68) were female and 16 (32) were male, 16 (32) had high test anxiety, 24 (48) had moderate test anxiety, and 10 (20) had low test anxiety. Results showed a significant difference in anxiety score by gender (p = 0.006) and by grade point average (p = 0.008). Conclusion: Considering the high level of student anxiety before the OSCE, planning for accurate design of test stations, preparing students during the semester, organizing workshops to get acquainted with the OSCE, and allocating sufficient time to the test can reduce student anxiety before the test

Risk Assessment of Exposure to Silica Dust in Building Demolition Sites

Background: Building demolition can lead to emission of dust into the environment. Exposure to silica dust may be considered as an important hazard in these sites. The objectives of this research were to determine the amount of workers' exposure to crystalline silica dust and assess the relative risk of silicosis and the excess lifetime risk of mortality from lung cancer in demolition workers. Methods: Four sites in the Tehran megacity region were selected. Silica dust was collected using the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health method 7601 and determined spectrophotometrically. The Mannetje et al and Rice et al models were chosen to examine the rate of silicosis-related mortality and the excess lifetime risk of mortality from lung cancer, respectively. Results: The amount of demolition workers' exposure was in the range of 0.085–0.185 mg/m3. The range of relative risk of silicosis related mortality was increased from 1 in the workers with the lowest exposure level to 22.64/1,000 in the employees with high exposure level. The range of the excess lifetime risk of mortality from lung cancer was in the range of 32–60/1,000 exposed workers. Conclusion: Geometric and arithmetic mean of exposure was higher than threshold limit value for silica dust in all demolition sites. The risk of silicosis mortality for many demolition workers was higher than 1/1,000 (unacceptable level of risk). Estimating the lifetime lung cancer mortality showed a higher risk of mortality from lung cancer in building demolition workers

Identification and Classification of Risks and Potential Events by using Preliminary Hazard Analysis Method (PHA) in Kermanshah Oil Refinery

Background: humans are always trying to improve the lives and comfort, and in this way with the acquisition of materials, equipment, devices and technology as well as the additional and new risks exposure. Identification of these risks could have a role in reducing complications. PHA method implementation can help to identify and classify the risks and the events. Method: This cross - sectional study was conducted in Kermanshah Oil Refinery. The most important tools used in the study preliminary risk analysis, is risk checklist. In this regard, valuable resources are identified and listed, and then the acceptable risk levels and the scope of the assessment were defined. In the next phase, the system hazards were identification, and levels and numbers of risks were calculated. Results: This study examined 23 refinery units, and a total of 447 risks were identified. The results showed that unacceptable risk levels with 6.4% and the adverse risk levels with 49.22% was lowest and highest risk percent, respectively. The highest number of risk associated with the refining unit with 81 and the lowest was in the Electrical warehouse unit with 2 cases. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that were the most of risks identified in the adverse levels. To reduce risk level and improve safety, the use of appropriate methods and corrective measures to eliminate, reduce or control risks is essential

The Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on Anxiety Reduction in Critical Care Unit (CCU) Patients During Hospitalization

Patients admitted to Critical Care Units (CCU) face multiple stressors, and these stressors cause anxiety in patients. Anxiety increases heart function in heart patients. High levels of anxiety in cardiac patients increase in association with hospital complications. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on reducing the anxiety of patients in CCU during their hospitalization. The study design was quasi-experimental (pre-test and post-test). This study was performed on patients in CCU of Shahid Mostafa Khomeini hospital in 2019; for this purpose, 30 patients in CCU were randomly divided into intervention (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Before the intervention, the demographic variables questionnaire and DASS-21 anxiety questionnaire were completed by both groups. Then, the intervention group received CBT for eight sessions according to the average number of hospital days (eight days) by the therapist (researcher). The control group did not receive any intervention. After the intervention, the demographic variables questionnaire and DASS-21 questionnaire were completed by the intervention and control groups again. Data analysis was done by SPSS-21 software and descriptive tests, ANOVA, and independent and pairwise t-test. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean score of anxiety before treatment, but the mean score of anxiety significantly decreased after treatment in the intervention group (9.63±2.773) compared to the control group (13.23±2.115; p&lt;0.001). CBT can reduce the level of anxiety in patients admitted to CCU, and this method can be used as a simple and low-cost complementary non-pharmacological practice in these patients

Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 virus on nozzle surfaces of fuel supply stations in North West of Iran

There are several ways for transmitting the SARS-CoV-2 virus to humans, and one of these ways is the contact with infected surfaces. Fuel stations have been a major concern for people and health experts due to the frequent use of common nozzles. This study was performed to identify the COVID-19 virus in the nozzles of fuel supply stations. In the current research, 25 fuel supply stations along the main street ways were investigated to recognize Coronavirus infection on the surfaces of the nozzles. For each fuel supply station, 4 nozzles were chosen (a total of 100 samples). The sampling was carried out at two periods of time, that is, before and after quarantine restrictions. Swapping was used for surface sampling, and Real-time PCR was used to determine the positive and negative results. The results showed that out of nine fuel supply stations (36 samples of nozzle surfaces), five were positive for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on the nozzle surfaces before the corona restriction. The results showed that in the conditions after corona restriction, all samples were negative in terms of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on the surfaces of the nozzles. In spite of the fact that gas stations can be one of the foremost inclined places for the transmission and spread of coronavirus due to the nearness and visit of individuals, but through the observance of health behaviors and implementing some procedures, cutting the transmission chain in gas stations can be facilitated