Mathematical modelling of mass transfer in a multi-stage rotating disc contactor column

In this study, the development of an improved forward and inverse models for the mass transfer process in the Rotating Disc Contactor (RDC) column were carried out. The existing mass transfer model with constant boundary condition does not accurately represent the mass transfer process. Thus, a time-varying boundary condition was formulated and consequently the new fractional approach to equilibrium was derived. This derivation initiated the formulation of the modified quadratic driving force, called Time-dependent Quadratic Driving Force (TQDF). Based on this formulation, a Mass Transfer of A Single Drop (MTASD) Algorithm was designed, followed by a more realistic Mass Transfer of Multiple Drops (MTMD) Algorithm which was later refined to become another algorithm named the Mass Transfer Steady State (MTSS) Algorithm. The improved forward models, consisting of a system of multivariate equations, successfully calculate the amount of mass transfer from the continuous phase to the dispersed phase and was validated by the simulation results. The multivariate system is further simplified as the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system of a functional from a space of functions to a plane. This system serves as the basis for the inverse models of the mass transfer process in which fuzzy approach was used in solving the problems. In particular, two dimensional fuzzy number concept and the pyramidal membership functions were adopted along with the use of a triangular plane as the induced output parameter. A series of algorithms in solving the inverse problem were then developed corresponding to the forward models. This eventually brought the study to the implementation of the Inverse Single Drop Multistage (ISDMS)-2D Fuzzy Algorithm on the Mass Transfer of Multiple Drops in Multistage System. This new modelling approach gives useful information and provides a faster tool for decision-makers in determining the optimal input parameter for mas

Teknik pembelajaran di kalangan pelajar dewasa di Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

Teknik pembelajaran yang bersesuaian di kalangan pelajar dewasa dalam proses pembelajaran akan mewujudkan satu suasana pembelajaran yang aktif dan kondusif. Tujuan kajian ini bagi mengenal pasti teknik pembelajaran yang dominan di kalangan pelajar dewasa dan tahap pencapaian akademik pelajar dewasa berdasarkan Nilai Gred Kumulatif (CGPA). Selain itu kajian ini untuk mengenal pasti sekiranya terdapat hubungan antara teknik pembelajaran dengan pencapaian akademik. Seterusnya kajian ini juga untuk mengenal pasti perbezaan teknik pembelajaran antara pelajar lelaki dewasa dengan pelajar wanita. Kajian ini memfokuskan kepada pelajar dewasa Program Khas Pengsiswazahan Guru Besar (PKPGB) di UTHM yang berumur dalam lingkungan 45 tahun sehingga 50 tahun. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 81 orang pelajar yang merupakan guru besar sekolah. Kajian dilakukan secara kaedah tinjauan melalui pengedaran borang selidik dan temu bual sokongan sebagai alat instrumen. Data-data dianalisis menggunakan pakej perisian Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 12.0 bagi mendapatkan min skor, peratusan dan sisihan piawai. Korelasi Spearman Rho's digunakan untuk menentukan hubungan antara teknik pembelajaran dengan pencapaian akademik manakala ujian-T tidak bersandar pula digunakan untuk menentukan perbezaan dari segi teknik pembelajaran di kalangan pelajar dewasa mengikut jantina. Hasil kajian mendapati teknik pembelajaran yang dominan digunakan oleh pelajar dewasa ialah teknik berkumpulan dan teknik mendengar. Manakala terdapat hubungan antara teknik pembelajaran dengan pencapaian akademik walaupun pada tahap yang lemah. Walau bagaimanapun terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan dari segi teknik pembelajaran yang digunakan oleh pelajar dewasa mengikut jantina

Sistem Informasi Administrasi Wedding Organizer Sanggar Widya Jakarta

Wedding is a very sacred and meaningful for every human being. Therefore, weddingorganizer is a business that must be taken seriously, given the importance of the wedding eventhandled. But unfortunately now the information system applied by the WO business is still donein a conventional way that is likely to cause problems in the future. The Wedding Organizeradministration information system supported by IT is required for all business related data suchas package price list, catering menu, party supplies stock data, booking transactions, partyequipment returns and payment can be properly managed, and related reports can be availablewhenever needed by Stakeholders, so that customer satisfaction, and employee comfort, andbusiness owners awake. Keywords: administration, information system, wedding organizer. &nbsp

Inverse model to determine the optimal number of drops of RDC column using fuzzy approach

Inverse modeling is natural in many real world application including industrial chemical engineering problems. This paper describes the process of determines optimal input and output of number of drops in various stage of rotating disc contactor column using fuzzy model. An algorithm of the fuzzy model is developed to simulate the above process

A review on enhancing the teaching and learning of thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is a subject that deals with energy and is one of the most advanced tools for understanding our physical universe. Engineering students’ difficulties in learning thermodynamics occur globally as indicated by the literature. There are various studies reporting on efforts made to overcome the deficiencies and suggestions of teaching approaches to enhance students learning such as blended learning approach, active learning techniques, computer-based instruction, virtual lab – a web-based student learning tool for thermodynamic concept related to multi-staging in compressors and turbines, TESTTM software in design projects and laboratory and so on. This paper presents a review and analysis of the different approaches on supporting students learning of thermodynamics. The criteria for analysis are the characteristics of the learning system, the effectiveness based on students’ performance; the skill developed using the learning system, and students’ feedback

Symbiotic Relationship Between Selected Probiotic Bacteria in Chemostat Culture

The effect of culture combination on growth of three strains of probiotic (Streptococcus jaecalis T-110, Bacillus mesentericus TO-A and Bifidobacterium breve G48) was examined using chemostat culture. Results of bacterial viable counts revealed that mixed culture of two probiotic microorganisms had higher growth rate compared to single culture of probiotic. The improvement of bacterial growth can be partly attributed to the production of certain growth factors by one microorganism that was capable of stimulating the growth of another bacterium. The metabolites in sample broth were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). It can be postulated that succmlC acid, argmme, vitamin B₁ and B₂ synthesised by B. breve 048 were used by S. faecalis T -110 to improve its growth. Furthennore, B. mesentericus TO-A was found to utilise vitamin B6 and fonnic acid produced by the respective S. faecalis T -110 and B. breve TO-A. In return, B. breve 048 utilised vitamin BI2 produced by B. mesentericus TO-A. The effect of mixed culture of probiotic on growth of pathogenic Escherichia coli V517 was also investigated in chemostat culture. Results showed that mixed culture of probiotic exerted better inhibitory effect against E. coli V 517 compared to single culture of probiotic. HPLC analyses showed that mixed culture of probiotic produced higher yield of lactic and acetic acids that are fatal to E. coli V 517. Meanwhile, ammonia was found not to be an important inhibitory agent to E. coli V 517. Studies on the effects of metabolites on growth of probiotic organisms as well as E. coli V 517 were also carried out to validate the hypotheses made in previous experiments. The results revealed that growth of tested probiotic bacteria increased with certain level of substrate concentration. In contrast, growth of E. coli V517 decreased with increasing concentration of lactic and acetic acids. It was postulated that mixed culture of S. faecalis T -110 and B. breve 048 as well as co-culture of S. faecalis T -110 and B. mesentericus TO-A exhibited commensal relationship, in which only one party benefits an the other is neither hanned nor benefited. Meanwhile, mixed culture of B. mesentericus TO-A and B. breve 048 showed a mutualistic association whereby both organisms profit from each other. Finally, in mixed culture of E. coli V517 and probiotic organisms, a strong antagonistic relationship was observed

The effects of pictures on the order of accessing online war stories

Research on how people read news stories has shown that readers chose to read and access news stories associated with pictures that contained an element of attraction. Researchers have found that the emotional elements within the picture could also play a role. It is unclear how neutral human interest pictures influence readers to access news stories. Is the access process influenced by less emotive pictures or more human interest elements? These issues were explored in an experiment in which 24 students participated. The experiment compared similar news that was accompanied with a human interest picture, information graphic and without information graphic. The focus of the news stories was on war news which almost always contained human interest elements that could be neutral or emotion-laden. The experiment suggested that human interest pictures of war stories could be equally effective in attracting readers to read and remember the news stories

ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS DALAM PEMILIHAN VSAT BUC (BLOCK UP CONVERTER) BERDASARKAN KUALITAS PRODUK

ATM disebut sebagai anjungan tunai mandiri oleh karena fungsinya yang praktis dan efisien dalam memberikan berbagai jenis layanan perbankan tanpa harus menempatkan petugas bank ditempat itu. ATM tidak akan mampu bekerja secara optimal tanpa adanya perangkat pendukung, salah satu perangkat pendukung adalah BUC (Block Up Converter) yang terinstal pada sebuah antena. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sistem pendukung keputusan yang mampu menganalisa dalam pemilihan VSAT BUC terbaik berdasarkan kualitas produk menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process dengan Tools Expert Choice. Hasil perhitungan AHP diperoleh prioritas kriteria dalam penilaian terhadap Pemilihan BUC terbaik berdasarkan kualitas. Dimana Power Level, Transmite Gain, Carrier to Noise, Temperatur, dan Intermode menjadi tolak ukur dalam pemilihan BUC. Hasil akhir yang di dapat dari pemilihan BUC oleh tiga alternatif yang berbeda bahwa BUC 5Watt NJRC  memiliki bobot prioritas tertinggi yaitu 33,68%, BUC 5Watt Amplus memiliki bobot prioritas kedua yaitu 33,21% dan BUC 6Watt Anatel memiliki bobot prioritas terakhir yaitu 33,11%

Pemilihan dan Penggunaan Bahan Sastera dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu Peringkat Menengah Atas, KBSM

Satu kajian tentang pemilihan dan penggunaan bahan sastera dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu (BM) peringkat menengah atas, Kurikulum Baru Sekolah Menengah (KBSM), perlu dijalankan memandangkan kepentingan bahan tersebut dalam pengajaran BM terutama dalam konteks KBSM kini dan juga di kalangan guru untuk membuat pemilihan dan penggunaan bahan tersebut bagi pengajaran BM terutama di peringkat menengah atas. Oleh itu tujuan kajian ini ialah untuk mencari maklumat-maklumat yang menyebabkan timbulnya masalah dalam pemiIihan dan penggunaan bahan sastera bagi pengajaran dan pembelajaran BM di peringkat menengah atas, KBSM. Subjek kajian terdiri daripada 114 orang guru yang mengajar Bahasa Melayu di tingkatan 4 dan 5, dan 114 orang pelajar tingkatan 5, daripada 22 buah sekolah menengah di Daerah Petaling, Selangor Darul Ehsan.Dua kaedah telah digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data, iaitu soal selidik dan temubual. Borang soal selidik digunakan untuk mendapatkan maklumat tentang profil guru, minat guru terhadap bahan sastera, pengalaman guru, pengetahuan guru terhadap kesusasteraan; profil pelajar, minat pelajar terhadap bahan sastera, dan hal-hal lain berkaitan pemilihan dan penggunaan bahan sastera dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran BM di peringkat menengah atas, KBSM. Teknik temu bual digunakan untuk mendapatkan maklumat lanjutan berkaitan dengan pemilihan dan penggunaan bahan sastera dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran BM di peringkat menengah atas, KBSM

An empirical study of the use of computer-based material for the teaching of the listening skill in English as a second language to students of a higher education institution in Malaysia

The primary concern of the present study was to investigate the effective uses of computer-based software in teaching the listening skill in English as a Second Language (ESL) at higher education institutions. It aimed to find out if computer-based software can be used as a teacher replacement or supplement, either at the beginning or end of the listening lesson. This study also aimed to measure students' motivational reactions to instructional materials, to examine students' computer background, to examine any significant relationships between any of the variables and also to see if there are gender differences in any of these. In order to assess the effect of CALL use, an experimental study was carried out.The respondents consisted of 80 post-SPM students enrolled in Intensive English course at KUSZA, Malaysia. Two achievement post-tests and two sets of questionnaires were administered for data collection. The data results were analysed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) with statistical techniques of ANOVA, analysis of covariance, Pearson's product-moment correlation and t-tests for independent samples. The results of the study revealed that the way computerised material was used made a considerable effect on the achievement of the students. When it was used as a supplement at the beginning of the lesson, the students scored better results than those students received computerised treatment at the end of the lesson. When it was used as a teacher replacement, the students did not score well in the tests. The results also showed that non-computerised treatment was effective for teaching the listening skill.In the light of these results, certain recommendations were made for the teaching of the listening skill in ESL at KUSZA. It was recommended that computerised instruction be used as a supplement to teacher teaching at the beginning of the lesson rather than at the end of it. Further research is needed to be carried out with larger groups of respondents so that the findings can be generalised to other situations