Hyper-elliptic Nambu flow associated with integrable maps

We study hyper-elliptic Nambu flows associated with some $n$ dimensional maps and show that discrete integrable systems can be reproduced as flows of this class.Comment: 13 page

Focal Myasthenia Gravis in Two Dogs

Two dogs were presented with history of regurgitation. Both dogs were diagnosed with focal myasthenia gravis (FMG). Thoracic radiography was consisted with megaesophagus. Acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) antibody titer was positive. Both dogs were treated with pyridostigmine bromide as sole treatment. One case rapidly resolved with the recovery of the esophagus, while the other case even the AChRs antibody titer was normalized after 60 days but the clinical remission was occurred after long time. This report suggested that clinical signs of FMG were resolved, but we can’t predict the time required, additionally, pyridostigmine bromide might be effective for palliation of symptoms

CSN5/Jab1 controls multiple events in the mammalian cell cycle

AbstractThe COP9 signalosome (CSN) complex is critical for mammalian cell proliferation and survival, but it is not known how the CSN affects the cell cycle. In this study, MEFs lacking CSN5/Jab1 were generated using a CRE-flox system. MEFs ceased to proliferate upon elimination of CSN5/Jab1. Rescue experiments indicated that the JAMM domain of CSN5/Jab1 was essential. CSN5/Jab1-elimination enhanced the neddylation of cullins 1 and 4 and altered the expression of many factors including cyclin E and p53. CSN5/Jab1-elimination inhibited progression of the cell cycle at multiple points, seemed to initiate p53-independent senescence and increased the ploidy of cells. Thus, CSN5/Jab1 controls different events of the cell cycle, preventing senescence and endocycle as well as the proper progression of the somatic cell cycle.Structured summaryMINT-8046253: Csn1 (uniprotkb:Q99LD4) physically interacts (MI:0914) with Csn5 (uniprotkb:O35864), Csn8 (uniprotkb:Q8VBV7), Csn3 (uniprotkb:O88543), Csn7b (uniprotkb:Q8BV13) and Csn6 (uniprotkb:O88545) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006

9.1. 全国方言準備調査における語彙項目の結果分析と考察

国立国語研究

ポスター ビジュツカン ノ タンジョウ ゲンダイ フランス ノ ポスター ジュヨウ ト ブンカ セイサク

フランスでは1978年に、産業先進国で最初のポスター美術館（Musee　de　1’Affiche）がパリに誕生し、その後1982年には広告美術館（Musee　de　la　Publicite）へと改称した。本稿はこのポスター美術館設立の経緯を中心にして、ポスターをめぐる概念と制度について考察することにより、フランスにおけるポスター受容の特殊性を検証する試みである。　本稿では、ポスター美術館を傘下に収める装飾芸術中央連合（Union　Centrale　des　ArtsD6coratifs）の議事録に基づき、まず、美術館開館に至るまでの一連の経過を明らかにする。次いで、この過程で示された芸術性を重視するポスター観が、美術館開館後、広告産業の実情に即していかに変化していったのかを分析する。最後に、1981年に成立した社会党政権による文化政策が、1982年の広告美術館への改称にいかに関与したのかを、文化省（Ministere　de　la　Culture）発行の官報と文化相ジャック・ラング（Jack　Lang：1939年～）の演説資料から検討する。　ポスター美術館の誕生は、19世紀末に形成された、自国のポスターの“高い芸術性”を強調する“アフィショマニ（ポスター・マニア）”のポスター観が、フランスにおけるボスター受容の中核であり続けるという、価値観の継承を促した。その広告美術館への改編は、芸術性の有無という評価の最優先基準が、1970年代後半における国内広告産業の成長と広告自体のマルチメディア化に伴って相対化する経過を反映していた。1980年代の政府主導の文化政策は、文化と芸術の概念を“副次的”分野にまで拡大しながらここに介入し、広告業振興の意図を持って、産業クリエーションとしての広告を優遇した。こうして、19世紀末から受け継がれたフランス特有のポスター評価は、広告というより大きな範疇に取り込まれながらも、美術館の設立と政府の文化政策を通して公に認知され、言わば制度化されたと考えられるのである。The　Poster　Museum　in　France　was　opened　in　1978　as　the　first　among　those　in　the industrially　advanced　countries　and　was　renamed　the　Publicity　Museum　in　1982．　Focusing on　the　history　of　this　museum，　this　paper　deals　with　the　concepts　and　the　institutional systcms　related「to　posters　in　France　to　explain　the　special　condition　for　evaluating　this medium． 　　At　the　end　of　the　19th　century，“the　highly　artistic　quality”of　French　posters　had　been deeply　appreciated　in　the　heat　of　the“affichomanie（poster　mania）”．　The　creation　of　the Poster　Museum　affiliated　to　the　Central　Union　of　the　Decorative　Arts　signi丘cantly　helped． the　contemporary　Frcnch　society　succeed　to　such　a　way　of　vicwing　posters，　The　change　of appellation　to　the　Publicity　Museum　reflected　a　relative　decline　of　this“primary”value　of posters　in　parallel　with　the　growth　of　domestic　multimedia－publicity　industries　in　the second　half　of　the　1970s．　A　new　cultural　policy　led　from　1981　by　Jack　Lang，　Minister　fbr Cultural　Affairs　of　the　French　socialst　Government，　also　in且uenced　this　reorganisation　of the　Poster　Museum：he　supported　the　Publicity　Museum　with　the　intention　of　promoting not　onlアindustrial　creations，　but　also　cultural　and　artistic　fields　judged“minor”till　then． 　　This　article　shows　that，　evcn　though　posters　were　intcgrated　into　the　general　category　of publicity，　the　f（）undation　of　the　Poster　Museum　and　subsequently　the　cultural　policy　of　the Government　of丘cially　institutionalized　the　traditional　evaluation　of　posters　in　France　from an　artistic　point　ofview

6. 調査項目の構築作業

国立国語研究

What impact does postgraduate clinical training have on empathy among Japanese trainee dentists?

Background Enhancing empathy in healthcare education is a critical component in the development of a relationship between healthcare professionals and patients that would ensure better patient care; improved patient satisfaction, adherence to treatment, patients’ medication self-efficacy, improved treatment outcomes, and reduced patient anxiety. Unfortunately, however, the decline of empathy among students has been frequently reported. It is especially common when the curriculum transitions to a clinical setting. However, some studies have questioned the significance and frequency of this decline. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the impact of postgraduate clinical training on dental trainees’ empathy from cognitive, behavioral, and patients’ perspective. Methods This study included 64 trainee dentists at Okayama University Hospital and 13 simulated patients (SPs). The trainee dentists carried out initial medical interviews with SPs twice, at the beginning and the end of their clinical training. The trainees completed the Japanese version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for health professionals just before each medical interview. The SPs evaluated the trainees’ communication using an assessment questionnaire immediately after the medical interviews. The videotaped dialogue from the medical interviews was analyzed using the Roter Interaction Analysis System. Results No significant difference was found in the self-reported empathy score of trainees at the beginning and the end of the clinical training (107.73 [range, 85–134] vs. 108.34 [range, 69–138]; p = 0.643). Considering the results according to gender, male scored 104.06 (range, 88–118) vs. 101.06 (range, 71–122; p = 0.283) and female 109.17 (range, 85–134) vs. 111.20 (range, 69–138; p = 0.170). Similarly, there was no difference in the SPs’ evaluation of trainees’ communication (10.73 vs. 10.38, p = 0.434). Communication behavior in the emotional responsiveness category for trainees in the beginning was significantly higher than that at the end (2.47 vs. 1.14, p = 0.000). Conclusions Overall, a one-year postgraduate dental training program neither reduced nor increased trainee dentists’ empathy levels. Providing regular education support in this area may help trainees foster their empathy

Toxoplasma Infection Induces Sustained Up-Regulation of Complement Factor B and C5a Receptor in the Mouse Brain via Microglial Activation: Implication for the Alternative Complement Pathway Activation and Anaphylatoxin Signaling in Cerebral Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasma gondii is a neurotropic protozoan parasite, which is linked to neurological manifestations in immunocompromised individuals as well as severe neurodevelopmental sequelae in congenital toxoplasmosis. While the complement system is the first line of host defense that plays a significant role in the prevention of parasite dissemination, Toxoplasma artfully evades complement-mediated clearance via recruiting complement regulatory proteins to their surface. On the other hand, the details of Toxoplasma and the complement system interaction in the brain parenchyma remain elusive. In this study, infection-induced changes in the mRNA levels of complement components were analyzed by quantitative PCR using a murine Toxoplasma infection model in vivo and primary glial cells in vitro. In addition to the core components C3 and C1q, anaphylatoxin C3a and C5a receptors (C3aR and C5aR1), as well as alternative complement pathway components properdin (CFP) and factor B (CFB), were significantly upregulated 2 weeks after inoculation. Two months post-infection, CFB, C3, C3aR, and C5aR1 expression remained higher than in controls, while CFP upregulation was transient. Furthermore, Toxoplasma infection induced significant increase in CFP, CFB, C3, and C5aR1 in mixed glial culture, which was abrogated when microglial activation was inhibited by pre-treatment with minocycline. This study sheds new light on the roles for the complement system in the brain parenchyma during Toxoplasma infection, which may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to Toxoplasma infection-induced neurological disorders