Extended Soliton Solutions in an Effective Action for SU(2) Yang-Mills Theory

The Skyrme-Faddeev-Niemi (SFN) model which is an O(3) $\sigma$ model in three dimensional space up to fourth-order in the first derivative is regarded as a low-energy effective theory of SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. One can show from the Wilsonian renormalization group argument that the effective action of Yang-Mills theory recovers the SFN in the infrared region. However, the theory contains an additional fourth-order term which destabilizes the soliton solution. We apply the perturbative treatment to the second derivative term in order to exclude (or reduce) the ill behavior of the original action and show that the SFN model with the second derivative term possesses soliton solutions.Comment: Published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA

仕事満足度の構成要素に関する質的研究 : 高学歴女性16名の語りの分析から

Most recent job satisfaction studies are quantitative rather than qualitative in their methodology. Therefore, this research employs interviews to clearly elucidate the elements of job satisfaction. The sample for this investigation was formed by 16 people who have lived in the metropolitan area in Tokai and Kansai district, and who are currently employed. The results obtained from the analysis of the interviews clarified that job satisfaction can be explained through four elements: evaluation or recognition, personal growth, wages, and life satisfaction. The examination clearly demonstrates that overall job satisfaction is related both to intrinsic and extrinsic motivation under conditions of positive human relationships within an office. The findings also reveal that the sense of job satisfaction is further influenced by an individual’s feeling of fulfillment in personal life, indicating a synergy between job and life satisfaction

Cyclic sum formula for multiple L-values

AbstractThe cyclic sum formula for multiple L-values, which can be viewed as a generalization of the cyclic sum formula for multiple zeta values proved by Hoffman and Ohno (or Ohno and Wakabayashi), is shown. An algebraic formulation of the cyclic sum formula is also presented

Hopf Soliton Solutions from Low Energy Effective Action of SU(2) Yang-Mills Theory

The Skyrme-Faddeev-Niemi (SFN) model which is an O(3) $\sigma$ model in three dimensional space up to fourth-order in the first derivative is regarded as a low-energy effective theory of SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. One can show from the Wilsonian renormalization group argument that the effective action of Yang-Mills theory recovers the SFN in the infrared region. However, the theory contains another fourth-order term which destabilizes the soliton solution. In this paper we derive an extended action including second derivative terms and obtain soliton solutions numerically. A new topological lower bound formula is infered for the extended action.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure

POLITENESS: SOME PROBLEfdS FOR JAPANESE SPEAKERS OF ENGLISH

Abstract In this study, the politeness strategies of Australians and Japanese speakers of English are compared in two tasks involving polite requests. Four Australians and four Japanese were ''video-taped'' making the requests. Their language and the strategies they used are analyzed using the concepts of face, notice and small-talk Initial and fmal salutations and the language of the request are also discussed. The Japanese speakers were more direct, and did not appear to be as appropriately polite as the Australians. The weaknesses in the performance of the Japanese are traced to inadequacies in the teaching of English in Japan. Some recommendations are made for the teaqhing of English for communication in Japan. Aim of the Study Japanese people are often said to be polite, and many of them believe it themselves. While this may be true on many occasions, they may well fail to express the intended politeness when speaking English. Expressing politeness is not easy in a foreign language. The difficulty may be caused by a lack of linguistic competence. For example, not knowing the appropriate expression for a certain situation, a non-native speaker might speak too abruptly and sound arrogant or impolite. Saying I want to go now instead of I have to go now could surprise the other person. Another cause for the diffiNorum Tanaka has an M.A. in English literature from Waseda University, an M.Ed. in TESOL from Temple University, and an M.A. in TESOL from Canberra College of Advanced Education. She has taught English in senior high schools in Japan for ten years. 8

Detection of highly ionized O and Ne absorption lines in the X-ray spectrum of 4U1820-303 in the globular cluster, NGC 6624

We searched for absorption lines of highly ionized O and Ne in the energy spectra of two Low-mass X-ray binaries, 4U1820-303 in the globular cluster NGC6624 and Cyg X-2, observed with the Chandra LETG, and detected O VII, O VIII and Ne IX absorption lines for 4U1820-303. The equivalent width of the O VII K alpha line was 1.19 +0.47/-0.30 eV (90 % errors) and the significance was 6.5 sigma. Absorption lines were not detected for Cyg X-2 with a 90 % upper limit on the equivalent width of 1.06 eV for O VII K alpha. The absorption lines observed in 4U1820-303 are likely due to hot interstellar medium, because O will be fully photo-ionized if the absorbing column is located close to the binary system. The velocity dispersion is restricted to b = 200 - 420 km/s from consistency between O VII K alpha and K beta lines, Ne/O abundance ratio, and H column density. The average temperature and the O VII density are respectively estimated to be log(T[K]) = 6.2 - 6.3 and n(OVII) = (0.7 - 2.3) x 10^{-6} cm^{-3}. The difference of O VII column densities for the two sources may be connected to the enhancement of the soft X-ray background (SXB) towards the Galactic bulge region. Using the polytrope model of hot gas to account for the SXB we corrected for the density gradient and estimated the midplane O VII density at the solar neighborhood. The scale height of hot gas is then estimated using the AGN absorption lines. It is suggested that a significant portion of both the AGN absorption lines and the high-latitude SXB emission lines can be explained by the hot gas in our Galaxy.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 7 pages, 9 eps figure