シアワセ トワ ナニカ セイジン ジョセイ オ タイショウ ト シタ インタビュー チョウサ カラ トクシュウ ヤムコト ト スコヤカサ

This is an investigation about when and how Japanese middle-aged women feel shiawase (a feeling of happiness) in their daily lives. Ten married women aged 34-35 of different family structures and employment statuses were interviewed by telephone. Unlike the traditional investigation about women\u27s psychological well-being,this investigation is aimed at looking into women\u27s feeling of happiness more concretely. The detailed questions asked at the interview included when and how they felt shiawase,life satisfaction and a sense of fulfillment plus what their ikigai(things that give them a sense of being alive) and their personal goals were.The results show that the relationships with their husbands and children in general strongly influenced the women\u27s sense of shiawase. However,their satisfaction and personal goals were associated with paidworks and / or hobbies or other activities outside the home. Their sense of fulfillment depended on whether they accomplished their roles as housewives or as workers. Some women referred to their children as ikigai,while others did not. As the social norms and life styles of married women in ]apan have been changing,the women are trying to find the meaning of their own lives as independent people

Nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens conducted by the surveillance committee of Japanese Society of Chemotherapy, the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases, and the Japanese Society for Clinical Microbiology in 2010: General view of the pathogens\u27 antibacterial susceptibility

The nationwide surveillance on antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial respiratory pathogens from patients in Japan, was conducted by Japanese Society of Chemotherapy, Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases and Japanese Society for Clinical Microbiology in 2010.The isolates were collected from clinical specimens obtained from well-diagnosed adult patients with respiratory tract infections during the period from January and April 2010 by three societies. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted at the central reference laboratory according to the method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institutes using maximum 45 antibacterial agents.Susceptibility testing was evaluable with 954 strains (206 Staphylococcus aureus, 189 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 4 Streptococcus pyogenes, 182 Haemophilus influenzae, 74 Moraxella catarrhalis, 139 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 160 Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Ratio of methicillin-resistant S.aureus was as high as 50.5%, and those of penicillin-intermediate and -resistant S.pneumoniae were 1.1% and 0.0%, respectively. Among H.influenzae, 17.6% of them were found to be β-lactamase-non-producing ampicillin (ABPC)-intermediately resistant, 33.5% to be β-lactamase-non-producing ABPC-resistant and 11.0% to be β-lactamase-producing ABPC-resistant strains. Extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing K.pneumoniae and multi-drug resistant P.aeruginosa with metallo β-lactamase were 2.9% and 0.6%, respectively.Continuous national surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility of respiratory pathogens is crucial in order to monitor changing patterns of susceptibility and to be able to update treatment recommendations on a regular basis