The Association of Lexile Level and Reading Comprehension While Multitasking

The purpose of this study is to provide data to examine the use of cellphones, specifically texting, in relation to reading comprehension, and analyzing the relationship with Lexile scores. The Lexile framework quantifies reading comprehension of the reader and of the text. Initially, 47 participants completed leveled reading comprehension tests, one without texting and one while texting. Students performed 9% worse on reading comprehension while textingcompared to non-texting and performed 6% worse on long-term memory questions on the material while texting. We conclude this is due to increasing the cognitive load by texting. As a follow up, 57 participants texted during both tests, one test at their Lexile and one test at a Lexile 250L lower. Participants performed 56% better on reading comprehension when the material was 250L below their level and 28% better on long-term memory questions. Overall, texting while completing reading comprehension tests had an adverse impact on performance, but decreasing the Lexile led to a statistically significant improvement over what should be expected through just decreasing the Lexile score by decreasing the cognitive load These results identify this relationship for more research and eventually might affect what reading level textbooks are written at to increase comprehension

Muslim Stereotypes and Nuclear Iran

Popular opinion among American citizens would attest that the United States should promote the restriction of nuclear weapons being developed. While other nations already have or are developing nuclear weapons, Iran continues to dominate the conversation. It may be possible that the prolonged focus on Iranian nuclear weapons development could be the result of past American intervention, but the United States has not directly attacked Iran since 1988. While the past has impacted opinion, it is not because of Iran itself. After the events of September 11th, 2001 and the wars in the Middle East, American paranoia has emerged in racial forms. This paper will analyze both the opinions of Americans regarding the existence of a naturally violent behavior in Muslims as well as the whether or not Iran is developing nuclear weapons as well as a possible American response to the development, with polling dating back to the 2012 national election. Primarily due to the biases of the past fourteen years, it is expected that the analysis will reveal that Americans who have a stronger opinion of agreement when asked if the stereotype of Muslims being violent is true will more likely believe that not only that Iran is developing violent weaponry, but additionally that the United States must take stronger, military based action against Iran to combat the development of nuclear weapons. Overall, this paper discusses how stereotypes impact popular opinion and feelings towards the actions of others along with its impact on foreign policy aims of the United States government

PELAKSANAAN INSPEKSI TB. PERKASA 3 SEBELUM KEGIATAN TRANSHIPMENT BATU BARA DI PT.BORNEO INDOBARA

ABSTRAK Arrozy, Daniel Norick. 2023. ”Pelaksanaan Inspeksi TB. Perkasa 3 Sebelum Kegiatan Transhipment Batu Bara di PT. Borneo Indobara”. Skripsi. Program Diploma IV, Program Studi Tatalaksana Angkutan Laut dan Kepelabuhanan, Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang, Pembimbing I: Daryanto, S.H., M.M., Pembimbing II: Ria Hermina Sari, SS. M.Sc. Inspeksi kapal dimulai sebelum perjanjian (on hire) dilakukan, untuk memenuhi SOP yang telah yang telah diberlakukan di PT. Borneo Indobara sebelum operasional. PT. Borneo Indobara harus memperhatikan hal-hal penting yang menyangkut tentang keselamatan, keamanan serta kedisiplinan kru kapal. Permasalahan yang terjadi kapal milik PT. Dian Ciptamas Agung yaitu TB.Perkasa 3 yang bertugas sebagai transhipment batubara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui proses inspeksi TB. Perkasa 3 sebelum operasional, termasuk kendala dan upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, studi dokumentasi dan studi pustaka. Data dianalisis dengan Teknik analisi data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses inspeksi TB. Perkasa 3 sebelum operasional dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan, laporan dan penerbitan sertifikat on hire. Terdapat kendala yaitu belum terbitkan sertifikat on hire dikarenakan masih terdapat Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) di kapal yang tidak layak sesuai Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) yang ada, dokumen kapal yang telah habis masa berlakunya di kapal dan perlu dilakukan pembaruan. Adapun upaya untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut meliputi pergantian serta memusnahkan APD yang tidak sesuai SOP dan perpanjangan masa berlaku dokumen atau dokumen kapal di instansi yang terkait

Evaluation of Skylab (EREP) data for forest and rangeland surveys

The author has identified the following significant results. Four widely separated sites (near Augusta, Georgia; Lead, South Dakota; Manitou, Colorado; and Redding, California) were selected as typical sites for forest inventory, forest stress, rangeland inventory, and atmospheric and solar measurements, respectively. Results indicated that Skylab S190B color photography is good for classification of Level 1 forest and nonforest land (90 to 95 percent correct) and could be used as a data base for sampling by small and medium scale photography using regression techniques. The accuracy of Level 2 forest and nonforest classes, however, varied from fair to poor. Results of plant community classification tests indicate that both visual and microdensitometric techniques can separate deciduous, conifirous, and grassland classes to the region level in the Ecoclass hierarchical classification system. There was no consistency in classifying tree categories at the series level by visual photointerpretation. The relationship between ground measurements and large scale photo measurements of foliar cover had a correlation coefficient of greater than 0.75. Some of the relationships, however, were site dependent

PELAKSANAAN INSPEKSI TB. PERKASA 3 SEBELUM KEGIATAN TRANSHIPMENT BATU BARA DI PT. BORNEO INDOBARA

Abstraksi - Inspeksi kapal dimulai sebelum perjanjian (on hire) dilakukan, untuk memenuhi SOP yang telah yang telah diberlakukan di PT. Borneo Indobara sebelum operasional. PT. Borneo Indobara harus memperhatikan hal-hal penting yang menyangkut tentang keselamatan, keamanan serta kedisiplinan kru kapal. Permasalahan yang terjadi kapal milik PT. Dian Ciptamas Agung yaitu TB.Perkasa 3 yang bertugas sebagai transhipment batubara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui proses inspeksi TB. Perkasa 3 sebelum operasional, termasuk kendala dan upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, studi dokumentasi dan studi pustaka. Data dianalisis dengan Teknik analisi data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses inspeksi TB. Perkasa 3 sebelum operasional dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan, laporan dan penerbitan sertifikat on hire. Terdapat kendala yaitu belum terbitkan sertifikat on hire dikarenakan masih terdapat Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) di kapal yang tidak layak sesuai Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) yang ada, dokumen kapal yang telah habis masa berlakunya di kapal dan perlu dilakukan pembaruan. Adapun upaya untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut meliputi pergantian serta memusnahkan APD yang tidak sesuai SOP dan perpanjangan masa berlaku dokumen atau dokumen kapal di instansi yang terkait

Stability of the Fixated Retinal Image During Monocular and Binocular Tasks

The movements of the eye play an integral part in constructing a smooth perception of the world around us. The fact that our eyes are foveal, with a high resolution center and a radial decrease in resolution as we move away from this center, necessitates a constant shifting of our gaze around our environment. Although our eyes are in constant motion we do not perceive the world as a series of static snapshots and constant jitter, instead our visual system is able to effectively integrate information over time to render the world veridically; a complex array of color, depth, and motion. These eye movements are essential to vision for a wide variety of reasons. In fact, movement is such a key aspect of vision that if the projection of the world onto the retina is rendered perfectly still, our vision will slowly fade. Our brain relies on a constantly fluctuating signal in order to generate a visual percept, and without this temporal variation, vision is impossible. Even when fixating on a point, our eyes are still engaging in a series of small movements to examine and enhance the fine details of the foveated stimuli. Collectively, these small movements are referred to as fixational eye motion (FEM). In order to truly understand how these small temporal variations will contribute to vision, it is necessary to understand how these movements interact with the photoreceptors in the retina. To this end we utilized an Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope to project stimuli onto the photoreceptor mosaic and simultaneously recover an unambiguous trace of the motion of these stimuli as the eye engages in fixational eye movements

Microsaccades during reading.

Recent research has shown that microsaccades contribute to high acuity vision. However, little is known about whether microsaccades also play a role in daily activities, such as reading, that do not involve stimuli at the limit of spatial resolution. While the functions of larger saccades in reading have been extensively examined, microsaccades are commonly regarded as oculomotor noise in this context. We used high-resolution eyetracking and precise gaze localization to investigate fine oculomotor behavior during reading. Our findings show that microsaccade characteristics differ from those measured during sustained fixation: microsaccades are larger in size and primarily leftwards during reading, i.e. they move the line of sight backward on the text. Analysis of how microsaccades shift gaze relative to the text suggests that these movements serve two important functions: (1) a corrective function, by moving the gaze regressively within longer words when the preceding saccade lands too far toward the end of these words, and (2) an exploratory function, by shifting the gaze on adjacent words to gain additional information before the execution of the next saccade. Thus, microsaccades may benefit reading by enhancing the visibility of nearby words. This study highlights the importance of examining fine oculomotor behavior in reading, and calls for further research to investigate the possible roles of microsaccades in reading difficulties

Microsaccades and saccades direction.

<p>Average 2D polar histograms of microsaccades direction and amplitude during reading (<i>A</i>) and sustained fixation (<i>B</i>). (<i>C</i>) Average probability of microsaccade direction during reading and during sustained fixation. Microsaccade direction was classified into three different categories; progressive (rightward), regressive (leftward) and vertical (up and downward). (<i>D</i>) Average probability of regressive and progressive saccades during reading as a function of saccade amplitude. Error bars represent s.e.m.</p