Predicting the capability of oxidized cnw adsorbents for the remediation of copper under optimal operating conditions using rsm and ann models

Metal pollutants such as copper released into the aqueous environment have been increasing as a result of anthropogenic activities. Adsorption-based treatment technologies offer opportunities to remediate metal pollutants from municipal and industrial wastewater effluent. The aim of this work was to evaluate the capability of modified cellulose nanowhisker (CNW) adsorbents for the remediation of copper from water matrices under realistic conditions using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models. Considerations for design and application to remediate Cu(II) from wastewater by developing a continuous flow experiment are described in this study. However, the physical structure of modified CNW adsorbents renders them unsuitable for use in column operation. Therefore, a more detailed study of the mechanical properties of CNW adsorbents would be necessary in order to improve the strength and stability of the adsorbents. This work has demonstrated that modified CNW are promising adsorbents to remediate copper from water matrices under realistic conditions including wastewater complexity and variability. The use of models to predict the test parameter system and account for matrix variability when evaluating CNW adsorbents for remediating Cu from a real-world wastewater matrix may also provide the foundation for assessing other treatment technologies in the future

Rheological properties of nanoclay as new nanotechnology of apshalt concrete: review

This paper aim to review literature of applies nanoclay to asphalt in order to improve asphalt concrete pavement. Nowadays, nanotechnology is one of a new creation that has been applied in most area. One of them is in asphalt concrete pavement where engineer and researcher use nanoclay for asphalt modification. The fundamental material characterization testing i.e. penetration, softening point and Dynamic Shear Rheometer was performed on conventional and modified asphalt. In addition, the Marshall Stability and ductility were examined. In previous study, asphalt type 60/70 PEN with the percentage of nanoclay were added were 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% by weight of asphalt. According to previous research they were proved that nanoclay as modified asphalt increase in softening point; kinematics viscosity and decrease in binder penetration. The overall performance of nanoclay as modified asphalt binder is improved in terms of rutting and fatigue cracking resistance. The best improvement in the modified asphalt binders were obtained with 6% nanoclay

Moisture sensitivity of crumb rubber modified modifier warm mix asphalt additive for two different compaction temperatures

Crumb rubber obtained from scrap tires has been incorporated with asphalt binder to improve the performance of asphalt mixtures in the past decades. Pavements containing crumbrubber modified (CRM) binders present one major drawback: larger amounts of greenhouse gas emissions are produced as there is rise in the energy consumption at the asphalt plant due to the higher viscosity of these type of binders compared with a conventional mixture. The objective of this paper is to calculate the optimum bitumen content for each percentage and evaluate the moisture sensitivity of crumb rubber modified asphalt at two different compacting temperatures. In this study, crumb rubber modified percentages was 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% from the binder weight, with adding 1.5% warm mix asphalt additive (Sasobit) and crush granite aggregate of 9.5mm Nominal maximum size was used after assessing its properties. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) used by 2% from fine aggregate. The wet method was using to mix the CRM with bitumen, the CRM conducted at 177°C for 30 min with 700rpm and Sasobit conducted at 120°C for 10 min with 1000rpm. As a result, from this study the optimum bitumen content (OBC) was increased with increased crumb rubber content. For performance test, it was conducted using the AASHTO T283 (2007): Resistance of Compacted Bituminous Mixture to Moisture-Induced Damage. The result was as expected and it was within the specification of the test, the result show that the moisture damage increased with increased the crumb rubber content but it is not exceeding the limit of specification 80% for indirect tension strength ratio (ITSR). For the temperature was with lowing the temperature the moisture damage increased

Use of coconut shell from agriculture waste as fine aggregate in asphaltic concrete

This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of coconut shell as fine aggregate in asphaltic concrete. The mix design incorporating penetration grade 80/100 bitumen was used to produce the specimens testing. Four coconut shell replacement levels were considered in the study: 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, respectively. The aggregate properties were evaluated through aggregate impact value, specific gravity and water absorption test. In addition, the performance of coconut shell in asphalt mixes was identified by volumetric properties, indirect tensile strength, resilient modulus and dynamic creep test. The results revealed that controlled specimen's shows better volumetric properties compared to coconut shell mixes. However, 10% replacement of coconut shell indicated better performance than controlled specimen. It can be concluded that coconut shell inhibits great potential as road construction material but be only suitable for low traffic volume and at rural area

Laboratory mix design of asphalt mixture containing reclaimed material

This paper presents a study on the production of asphalt test specimens in the laboratory containing reclaimed asphalt. The mixtures considered were stone mastic asphalt concrete mixtures containing up to 30% of reclaimed asphalt. Specimens were compacted to the reference density obtained from the Marshall mix design. Gyration compaction method was used for preparing specimens for the experimental programme, while coring and cutting methods and X-ray computed tomography (CT) were used to investigate the change in properties within the specimens and to validate the selected methodology.The study concluded that gyratory compaction is suitable to produce homogeneous test specimens also for mixtures containing high amount of reclaimed asphalt. Nevertheless, preliminary trials for each material are mandatory, as well as final coring and trimming of the specimens due to side effects

Properties of asphaltic concrete containing sasobit®

With increasing interest in the use of hot mix asphalt in the paving industry, more studies in this field for improvement of hot mix asphalt properties seem to be necessary. Hence, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sasobit® content as modified binder in hot mix asphalt. 60/70 penetration grade asphalt was separately modified with sasobit® at different concentrations ranging from 0% to 4.5%. The influence of sasobit® on the hot mix asphalt mixtures properties were detected through conventional tests i.e. penetration and softening point. In addition, the Marshall stability, abrasion loss, and resilient modulus were also examined. Results indicated that the hot mix asphalt containing Sasobit® additive has significant affect in terms of penetration and softening point. Furthermore, the addition of Sasobit® seemed to improve the stability, abrasion loss and modulus of stiffness

DEVELOPMENT OF VIRTUAL ASSEMBLY LAYOUT WITH MODELING LANGUAGES APPROACH AND SIMULATION USING DELMIA™ QUEST®

ABSTRACT: The paper presented the development of virtual layout model with modeling languages approach. This research also explores the flexibility of the model configurations through the development process of database for storing and representing the virtual model. The concept and mechanisms of database development involves the use of eXtensible Markup Language (XML). The objectives of the research are therefore to obtain a basic understanding on how these modeling languages are used to develop virtual model, representing the simulation by using Delmia™ QUEST® and develop a database for share, store and future usage. Therefore, the generated simulation presents the feasibility of interchanging models using modeling language approach as an intermediate representation and provides an opportunity to improve simulation quality

Assessing the significance of rate and time pulse spraying in top spray granulation of urea fertilizer using Taguchi Method

Studies in urea granulation process using Top Spray Fluidized Bed Granulator (TSFBG) is still limited and requires in-depth research about the effectiveness and influence of droplets to the formation of urea granule (UG). Rate and time interval of spraying technique (Pulse) significantly influence the physical properties of urea granules. Cassava starch dissolves in water was selected as the binder released at various time interval to observe impact of spray droplet on UG size formation. Using Taguchi Method, the study had identified three leading factors contributed to the formation of droplet size namely volume of binder (VOB), time pulse of spraying (TPS) and spraying rate (SR). These factors were then evaluated in terms of the influence on response as signal-to-noise analysis (S/N ratios) from Taguchi to validate UG size in range 2 mm to 4 mm from screening process with respect to the actual experimental data. These results were useful for future experiment reference to determine pressure drop and surface contact during interaction between droplet and urea powder partic

Porosity and density characteristic of double-layer concrete paving blocks incorporating rubber granules

Porous cement concrete (PCC) is among the most effective voids reducer as compared to other types of concrete paver. The understanding on the techniques to produce durable pavement, the double-layer rubberized concrete paving blocks (DRCPB) was investigate in this study. Two rubber granules (RG) sizes, 1 mm to 4 mm, and 5 mm to 8 mm, were used as partial replacement aggregate to enhance the influence of DRCPB. The DRCPB containing 10 % (DRCPB-10), 20 % (DRCPB-20), 30 % (DRCPB-30), and 40 % (DRCPB-40) of RG designated with 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, and 40 mm thick of top layer, and control concrete paving block (CCPB) were manufactured. Porosity and density test were carried out to analyse the durability characteristics of DRCPB. The results show that the porosity of DRCPB increased multiple when RG content increases from 0 to 40 % where the density of rubberized concrete is directly affected by the RG content

Predication of nano-silica modified porous asphalt under dynamic creep by using finite element analysis

In areas with heavy rainfall, the conventional pavement may not be suitable due to low drainage capability. This will cause to a storm failure. To solve this, Porous asphalt (PA) is one of the innovative asphalts that can significantly overcome the issue of storm-water problem. The high air voids content characteristic of PA compares with conventional pavement in Malaysia is very suitable in managing the storm-water. However, PA suffers a few problems such as decrement of strength and tensile strength due to high air voids content which lead to permanent deformation. In order to enhance the performance of PA against the permanent deformation an additive material used to increase the strength of the PA called Nano-silica particles. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the dynamic creep of Nano-silica modified PA by developing a finite element analysis (FEA) model. Moreover, this study the dynamic creep performance of porous asphalt with different proportion of Nano-silica particles 0%, 2% and 4% was predicted. A finite element model will be simulated by using ABAQUS 6.14 software for the PA sample in order to achieve the objectives of the study. From this study it was concluded that, the develop model was reliable use to predict the performance of PA in terms of dynamic creep and the utilizing of Nano-silica in PA mixture result changes in the rheological properties of the asphalt binder which lead to an enhancement of its performance against the permanent deformation