DIFFERENCES IN DECELERATION BETWEEN THE PENULTIMATE AND FINAL STEPS OF REACTIVE AND PLANNED CROSSOVER CUTS

D. Athanasiadis, C.M.S.Mulligan, M.F. Norcross Oregon State University Penultimate and final step deceleration profiles during side-cuts differ under planned and reactive conditions which may impact performance. However, it is unclear how these steps are utilized in a crossover cut (XOC). PURPOSE: To determine whether deceleration is different between the penultimate and final steps of XOC and if those differences are modified by planning time. METHODS: Thirty-six females (Age: 20.9±1.7years; Height: 1.66 ± 0.07 m, Mass: 62.4 ±8.7 kg) completed 5 reactive (i.e., through a light stimulus) and planned 60oXOC off their dominant leg. Penultimate and final steps were captured using an optical motion capture system interfaced with two force plates. Braking impulse (i.e., area under the posterior ground reaction force curve) and the change in center of mass velocity (ΔCOMv) during the deceleration phase (initial contact to peak knee flexion) were quantified for each step. Within Subjects ANOVAs and planned, pairwise comparisons with a Bonferroni correction were used to compare the effects of condition, step, and their interaction on outcome variables (α≤0.05). RESULTS: We identified a significant interaction for braking impulse and ΔCOMv (p Funded by the National Athletic Trainers’ Association Research & Education Foundatio

Development and Validation of the Behavioral Tendencies Questionnaire

At a fundamental level, taxonomy of behavior and behavioral tendencies can be described in terms of approach, avoid, or equivocate (i.e., neither approach nor avoid). While there are numerous theories of personality, temperament, and character, few seem to take advantage of parsimonious taxonomy. The present study sought to implement this taxonomy by creating a questionnaire based on a categorization of behavioral temperaments/tendencies first identified in Buddhist accounts over fifteen hundred years ago. Items were developed using historical and contemporary texts of the behavioral temperaments, described as “Greedy/Faithful”, “Aversive/Discerning”, and “Deluded/Speculative”. To both maintain this categorical typology and benefit from the advantageous properties of forced-choice response format (e.g., reduction of response biases), binary pairwise preferences for items were modeled using Latent Class Analysis (LCA). One sample (n1 = 394) was used to estimate the item parameters, and the second sample (n2 = 504) was used to classify the participants using the established parameters and cross-validate the classification against multiple other measures. The cross-validated measure exhibited good nomothetic span (construct-consistent relationships with related measures) that seemed to corroborate the ideas present in the original Buddhist source documents. The final 13-block questionnaire created from the best performing items (the Behavioral Tendencies Questionnaire or BTQ) is a psychometrically valid questionnaire that is historically consistent, based in behavioral tendencies, and promises practical and clinical utility particularly in settings that teach and study meditation practices such as Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL HOP PERFORMANCE AND QUADRICEPS RATE OF TORQUE DEVELOPMENT IN ACL RECONSTRUCTED FEMALES

C.M.S. Mulligan1, Y.L. Huang2, S.T. Johnson1, M.F. Norcross1 1Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; 2University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI Greater quadriceps rate of torque development (RTD) is associated with sagittal-plane landing strategies that are consistent with lesser ACL injury risk. While it is recommended to include quadriceps RTD in return to play testing, the necessary equipment is inaccessible to many clinicians. Therefore, quantifying absolute performance (AP) in a single-leg triple hop (SLTH) that requires the quadriceps to both control landing and to propel the body forward could provide an accessible measure for quadriceps RTD. PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between SLTH AP and quadriceps RTD from 0-100ms and 0-200ms. METHODS: Nineteen physically active females who have undergone ACLR (Age: 19.2 ± 1.8 years, Height: 164.1 ± 7.0 cm, Mass: 63.8 ± 7.6 kg) were included. RTD was calculated from isometric torque-time curves averaged over three trials of the ACLR limb by fitting a line of best fit through 100ms and 200ms after onset and normalized to body mass. AP for the SLTH was quantified by taking the average distance traveled across three trials and normalized to body height. Relationships between AP and RTD were assessed via Pearson correlation coefficients (α ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: Means and standard deviations for AP and RTD are included in Table 1. No significant relationships were identified between AP and RTD (Table 1). CONCLUSION: While a requisite level of quadriceps strength is needed to perform a SLTH, these results suggest that AP is not indicative of improvements in quadriceps RTD. Because RTD is influenced by the intent to move fast, the lack of relationship could be explained by the nature of the task. A SLTH is measured by distance traveled with no instruction on the intent to move fast. Additionally, compensatory propulsion strategies through the hip or ankle can also influence AP. Therefore, future research should assess multi-joint propulsion strategies and whether functional hop tasks that are measured by time-to-completion and that instruct the individual to move quickly (i.e. 6-m hop for time) are associated with RTD. Supported by the NATA Research and Education Foundation Doctoral Grant

Evaluation of ultrasonic vocalizations in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) as a potential indicator of welfare

The vocal repertoire in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) has been assumed to consist not only of vocalizations audible to humans but also of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs). The use of USVs to socially indicate distress has not been evaluated in this species, however. The authors analyzed the ultrasonic vocal repertoire of the common marmoset under normal housing conditions, under various experimental manipulations intended to elicit positive or negative emotional responses and during stressful experiences including blood draw and exposure to a perceived predator. Analysis of the recordings showed that marmosets produced vocalizations with ultrasonic components as part of their normal vocal repertoire, but these vocalizations all have audible components as well. Only 4 of the 13 types of vocalizations had ultrasonic components. These ultrasonic components were not reliably associated with responses to different experimental manipulations, suggesting that they are not used to indicate pain, discomfort or distress