Von der Milch zum festen Futter : Von der Abhängigkeit zur Selbständigkeit

Das Neugeborene ist bei Säugetieren und beim Menschen zunächst völlig von der Mutter abhängig, denn die Ernährung des oder der Nachkommen erfolgt erst einmal ganz auf Kosten der Mutter. Mit den Umstellungen auf dem Wege von der Abhängigkeit zur Selbständigkeit befassen sich die hier dargestellten Untersuchungen

Firm Level Innovation and Productivity - Is there a Common Story Across Countries

Recent studies have documented extensive heterogeneity in firm performance within countries, and innovation has been found as an important determinant. This paper addresses the issue of innovation firm performance across countries. A growing number of national firm level studies on the innovation-productivity link have been conducted using new internationally harmonized survey data, known in Europe as Community Innovation Survey (CIS). Mainly due to confidentiality reasons cross-country comparisons of CIS data are still rare. The contribution of this paper is its unique approach of pooling original firm observations from Germany and Sweden. Applying a knowledge production function that gives the relationship between innovation input, innovation output and productivity, we find to a very large extent a common cross-country story for knowledge intensive manufacturing firms. Some interesting country-specific effects are reported as well

Распознавание изображений лиц на основе кластеризации

This article describes the use of clustering for face recognition image. Clustering was performed using a recurrent neural network used at two stages of the recognition process. The algorithm includes the recognition process itself perform clustering pixel brightness image, calculating image information close proximity and clustering measures to in order to obtain the cluster containing the original similar images

Root traits explain different foraging strategies between resprouting life histories

11 páginas, 5 figuras, 2 tablas.Drought and fire are prevalent disturbances in Mediterranean ecosystems. Plant species able to regrow after severe disturbances (i. e. resprouter life history) have higher allocation to roots and higher water potential during the dry season than coexisting non-resprouting species. However, seedlings of non-resprouters have a higher survival rate after summer drought. We predict that, to counteract their shallow-rooting systems and to maximize seedling survival, non-resprouters have root traits that confer higher efficiency in soil resource acquisition than resprouters. We tested this prediction in seedlings of less than 1.5 months old. We select 13 coexisting woody species (including both resprouters and non-resprouters), grew them in a common garden and measured the following root traits: length, surface, average diameter, root tissue density (RTD), specific root length (SRL), surface:volume ratio (SVR), specific tip density (STD), tip distribution in depth, internal links ratio (ILR), and degree of branching. These root traits were compared between the two resprouting life histories using both standard cross-species and phylogenetic-informed analysis. Non-resprouters showed higher SRL and longer, thinner and more branched laterals, especially in the upper soil layers. The external links (i. e. the most absorptive root region) were also more abundant, longer, thinner and with higher SVR for non-resprouters. The results were supported by the phylogenetic-informed analysis for the root traits most strongly related to soil resource acquisition (SRL, SVR and branching pattern). The seedling root structure of non-resprouters species allows them to more efficiently explore the upper soil layer, whereas seedling roots of resprouters will permit both carbon storage and deep soil penetration.We thank all the volunteers for their help in the common garden and laboratory tasks, especially H. Simo˜es, J. Bandeira, C. Pérez-Cervelló, S. Ribeiro and B. Moreira. The Banc de Llavors Forestals of Generalitat Valenciana provided the installations for the common garden experiment. This work has been financed by the Spanish projects SINREG (REN2003-07198-C02-02/GLO), PERSIST (CGL2006-07126/BOS), and GRACCIE (CONSOLIDER– Ingenio 2010 program; CSD200-00067). CEAM is supported by the Generalitat Valencia and Bancaixa; CIDE is supported by the Generalitat Valencia and the University of Valencia.Peer reviewe

Study of structure and composition of micro arc lantanum-siliconincorporated calcium phosphate coatings

The lanthanum- silicon-incorporated calcium phosphate coatings on the titanium have porous X-Ray amorphous structure. The increase of the process voltage leads to the growth of thickness and structural elements and to the formation in the coatings of crystalline phases CaHPO4 and β-Ca2P2O7