359 research outputs found

    Gender Asymmetry in Okun's Law in the Four PIGS Countries

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    AbstractCentred on the four PIGS countries (Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain) and using the quarterly data from Q2/1998 until Q4/2014, the paper investigates whether there exists gender asymmetries in Okun's law and whether male unemployment reacts identically to economic fluctuations as female unemployment does. Whilst the trend components of output, male and female unemployment are estimated with the aid of the HP filter, Okun's relationships are modelled in the SVAR framework assuming that cyclical fluctuations of the economy and the labour market with both male and female labour force are endogenous. It is established that gender is indeed a factor that makes the respective segments of the labour market respond slightly differently to changes in real output

    Impact of central nervous system involvement in adult patients with Philadelphia-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a GRAALL-2005 study

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    Whereas the prognosis of adult patients with Philadelphia-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has greatly improved since the advent of pediatric-inspired regimens, the impact of initial central nervous system (CNS) involvement has not been formerly re-evaluated. We report here the outcome of patients with initial CNS involvement included in the pediatric-inspired prospective randomized GRAALL-2005 study. Between 2006 and 2014, 784 adult patients (aged 18-59 years) with newly diagnosed Philadelphia-negative ALL were included, of whom 55 (7%) had CNS involvement. In CNSpositive patients, overall survival was shorter (median 1.9 years vs. not reached, HR=1.8 [1.3-2.6], P<0.001). While there was no statistical difference in cumulative incidence of relapse between CNS+ and CNS- patients (HR=1.5 [0.9-2.5], P=0.11), non-relapse mortality was significantly higher in those with initial CNS disease (HR=2.1 [1.2-3.5], P=0.01). This increase in toxicity was mostly observed in patients randomized to the high-dose cyclophosphamide arm and in those who received allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Exploratory landmark analyses did not show any association between either cranial irradiation or allogeneic stem cell transplantation and outcome. Despite improved outcome in young adult ALL patients with pediatric-inspired protocols, CNS involvement is associated with a worse outcome mainly due to excess toxicity, without improved outcome with allogeneic SCT

    Contribution à l'étude des tumeurs de la tête et du cou (analyse critique de certaines voies d'abord chirurgicales des espaces rétro et latéro-pharyngés et des facteurs pronostiques des lymphomes malins non-hodgkiniens de la tête et du cou)

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    Les espaces rétro et latéro-pharyngés sont le siège de tumeurs de nature histologique très variée. Leur richesse en éléments lymphatiques les rend particulièrement exposés aux disséminations lymphatiques des carcinomes épidermoïdes mais aussi aux localisations primitives et secondaires des lymphomes malins de la tête et du cou. Leur abord à visée diagnostique ou thérapeutique reste délicat. La première partie de ce travail a permis de préciser la technique, les limites et les indications de trois voies d'abord peu usitées. La voie trans-orale permet l'exérèse de lésions de volume modéré et bien encapsulées de ces espaces avec une très faible morbidité. Les progrès de la chirurgie robotisée devraient permettre d'étendre ses indications. La voie cervico-transmandibulaire procure une parfaite exposition de la base du crâne et un excellent contrôle des éléments vasculo-nerveux qui en sortent. Elle apparaît indiquée pour l'exérèse des volumineuses tumeurs des espaces péripharyngés enchâssées contre la base du crâne, ou qui englobent la carotide interne. La voie infralabyrinthique s'adresse aux lésions du foramen jugulaire à développement essentiellement extra-crânien. Elle permet d'éviter un déroutement du nerf facial et peut, en cas de nécessité, être aisément convertie en une voie d'abord plus large. La deuxième partie de ce travail est consacrée à l'étude des lymphomes malins non hodgkiniens de la tête et du cou. Elle a permis, d'une part, de confirmer la faisabilité et les bons résultats d'un traitement combiné associant chimiothérapie et radiothérapie et, d'autre part, d'affiner les facteurs pronostiques déjà décrits dans le cadre des lymphomes non hodgkiniens quelle que soit leur localisation. Ainsi un âge supérieur à 45ans, une masse tumorale de plus de 5cm, une maladie localisée aux glandes salivaires et l'atteinte de plusieurs sites extra-ganglionnaires se sont révélés être de pronostic défavorable.Various histologic types of tumours can be found in the parapharyngeal spaces. Their access for diagnosis or treatment purpose remains delicate. The first part of this work focused on three rarely used surgical approaches in order to specify their technique, limits and indication. The trans oral route allows surgical removal of well encapsulated lesions of small volume with a low morbidity. The advances in robotic surgery should enlarge its indications. The cervical trans mandibular approach gives an excellent overview on the skull base and on the neuro-vascular structures coming out from it. It appeared to be indicated for removal of voluminous parapharyngeal lesions abutting the skull base or surrounding the internal carotid artery. The infralabyrinthique route concerns tumors of the jugular foramen with an extra cranial development. It avoids a facial nerve diversion and can easily be transformed, if needed, in a larger route. The second part of this work is dedicated to the study of head and neck non Hodgkin lymphomas. It first confirmed the feasibility and the good results of a combine treatment of high dose CHOP regimen and involved field radiotherapy. Secondly it refined the prognostic factors yet described for non Hodgkin lymphoma of any localization. Patient's age > 45 years old, bulky disease (> 5 cm), a disease localized to salivary glands, and multiple extra nodal site involvement were the main predictors of a worse outcome.ANGERS-BU Médecine-Pharmacie (490072105) / SudocSudocFranceF
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