TEGDroid: Test Case Generation Approach for Android Apps Considering Context and GUI Events

The advancement in mobile technologies has led to the production of mobile devices (e.g. smartphone) with rich innovative features. This has enabled the development of mobile applications that offer users an advanced and extremely localized context-aware content. The recent dependence of people on mobile applications for various computational needs poses a significant concern on the quality of mobile applications. In order to build a high quality and more reliable applications, there is a need for effective testing techniques to test the applications. Most existing testing technique focuses on GUI events only without sufficient support for context events. This makes it difficult to identify other defects in the changes that can be inclined by context in which an application runs. This paper presents an approach named TEGDroid for generating test case for Android Apps considering both context and GUI Events. The GUI and context events are identified through the static analysis of bytecode, and the analysis of app’s permission from the XML file. An experiment was performed on real world mobile apps to evaluate TEGDroid. Our experimental results show that TEGDroid is effective in identifying context events and had 65%-91% coverage across the eight selected applications. To evaluate the fault detection capability of this approach, mutation testing was performed by introducing mutants to the applications. Results from the mutation analysis shows that 100% of the mutants were killed. This indicates that TEGDroid have the capability to detect faults in mobile apps

Interpretive structural modelling: Hierarchical relationship model of appreciating diversity competency for educational leaders

The dynamics of diversity and cultural competency are elements that run parallel with globalization. Appreciating diversity is part of global leadership competency. However, this assumption may not hold in a context in which multiculturalism diversity and competency are not an integral element for leadership competency for public sector educational leaders. Public organization should assimilate and practice appreciating diversity in the organizational leadership competency. Thus, the central aim of this study is to investigate and examine the appreciating diversity competency for educational leaders. The paper analyzed the appreciating competencies by using interpretive structural modelling (ISM) based on experts’ consensus. The cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis ascertained and classified each competency based on their driving and dependent power. The hierarchical model developed through ISM yielded seven appreciating competencies divided into two dimensions for educational leaders. The model proposed could be adopted by stakeholders to upgrade the competency of educational leaders to practice and apply appreciating diversity. The ISM model could be adopted for the training and development of future educational leaders in preparation to administer and lead multicultural and multigenerational organizational communities

ANALYZING EMPLOYABILITY COMPETENCY: IMPACT OF QUADRUPLE HELIX MODEL TO PROSPECTIVE GRADUATES

Although many employability competencies program are conducted by universities and supported by government employability related policies with the community involvement, all the initiatives have yet to fulfill expectation of employers. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of quadruple helix model to prospective graduates. The employability skills and quadruple helix model were used as research framework. The degree to which prerequisite of foundation knowledge and skill obtainable through higher education institution, industrial training, the government policies and community initiatives might influence prospective graduates’ employability competencies. This study utilized a quantitative approach through questionnaires adopted from Engineering Accreditation Council (EAC) consist of 10 item scale of engineering employability skill and 23 item of CAAS measurement scale. Reliability and descriptive analysis were used to verify the factor structures that shaped the graduates employability competencies and career adaptability. The results indicated that respondents were in conformity on how higher education program, industry internship program, government policies and community enhancement program influenced their employability competency. Future study should focus on examining systematic changes in factors affecting employability competency for human capital sustainability

Systematic significance of stipe anatomy of selaginella (selaginellaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia

An anatomical study was carried out on 14 taxa belonging to Selaginellaceae in an attempt to study their stipe anatomical characteristics and to provide anatomical data for the selected taxa in Selaginellaceae. Out of 29 taxa of Selaginellaceae recorded in Peninsular Malaysia, 14 taxa have been selected namely Selaginella alutacia, S. argentea, S. frondosa, S. intermedia var. intermedia, S. intermedia var. dolichocentrus, S. mayeri, S. morganii, S. ornata, S. plana, S. polita, S. roxburghii var. roxburghii, S. stipulata, S. wallichii and S. willdenowii. Method used in this study was sectioning using sliding microtome. Findings in this study have shown that Selaginellaceae species studied can be clustered into two groups based on the stipe stellar systems, which are monostelic and tristelic groups. There are some variations exist in the cross sections of the stipes of the same species due to the presence and absence of the leaf trace. Each species is proved to have distinct stipe anatomical characteristics that can be used to differentiate species in Selaginellaceae

Proposing a model on risk mitigation in IT governance

Risk mitigation is the core process in IT Governance. Due to the fact that application of IT Governance systems may sustain risks, organizations use risk mitigation to solve risks within IT systems and provide sufficient means to treat these risks.Risk mitigation is necessary to ensure a successful IT Governance implementation.The risk mitigation process comprises of risk identification, risk decision, risk treatment and risk monitoring.The aim of this paper is to present the new risk mitigation models’ components and metrics for measuring the risk in IT Governance

Leaf anatomical characteristics of Avicennia L. and some selected taxa in Acanthaceae

The proposed placement of Avicennia L. into Acanthaceae had been made based only on molecular data. The main objective of this study is to investigate whether anatomical leaf characteristics of the Avicennia species support this placement. This study also aims to determine the leaf anatomical characteristics and their taxonomic value for some selected taxa ofAcanthaceae. Seven species were studied, namely A. alba Blume, A. officinalis L., A. lanata Ridley, Justicia gendarussa Burm. f., J. betonica L., Strobilanthes crispa Blume and Asystasia gangetica subsp. micrantha (L.) T. Anderson. Methods used were sectioning using sliding microtome, leaf clearing, epidermal peels, and observation under a light microscope. Findings have shown great differences between Avicenniaspecies andother studied taxa. There are eleven outstanding leaf anatomical variations which may be used to distinguish all Avicennia species from the others, such as the presence and absence of brachysclereids, hypodermal layers, cystoliths and the presence of denture on the abaxial side of leaf margin, type of trichomes and stomata, areolar venation, marginal outline, shape of vascular bundles in the midrib, and the pattern of anticlinal walls on the adaxial and abaxial epidermis cells. The presence of mucilaginous idioblasts cells is common in all species studied. This study has shown that the genus Avicennia does not share similar leaf anatomical characteristics with the other taxa in Acanthaceae. As a conclusion, the placement of the genus Avicennia into the Acanthaceae has not been supported by leaf anatomical characteristics; therefore, it is suggested that this placement be revised

Failure of woven fiber glass epoxy composite under charpy impact loading

Woven glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite at 55 vol% fiber content was fabricated using conventional hand lay-up method. The impact strength of the prepared samples were measured under Charpy impact test at +50oC and - 50oC temperature. The fractured surface of composite samples were investigated using scanning electron microscope. The impact energy for samples fractured at +50oC was at 380 KJm-2 whereas the low temperature of - 50oC showed impact energy of 178 KJm-2. The high plastic deformation from the sample tested at +50oC is the evidence from the high amount of absorbed energy compared to -50oC which revealed lower deformation. At this subzero temperature, the increased brittleness produced extensive matrix cracking and fiber splitting. However, scanning electron fractograph at +50oC showed mixed failure mode of large delaminations, fiber splitting and matrix cracking. The impact values of 380 KJm-2 and 178 KJm-2 tested at +50oC and -50oC respectively would suggest that this composite is suitable to replace steel for impact applications and is safe to be used at both high and low environmental temperatures