Peanut‐induced anaphylaxis in children and adolescents: Data from the European Anaphylaxis Registry

Background Peanut allergy has a rising prevalence in high-income countries, affecting 0.5%-1.4% of children. This study aimed to better understand peanut anaphylaxis in comparison to anaphylaxis to other food triggers in European children and adolescents. Methods Data was sourced from the European Anaphylaxis Registry via an online questionnaire, after in-depth review of food-induced anaphylaxis cases in a tertiary paediatric allergy centre. Results 3514 cases of food anaphylaxis were reported between July 2007 - March 2018, 56% in patients younger than 18 years. Peanut anaphylaxis was recorded in 459 children and adolescents (85% of all peanut anaphylaxis cases). Previous reactions (42% vs. 38%; p = .001), asthma comorbidity (47% vs. 35%; p < .001), relevant cofactors (29% vs. 22%; p = .004) and biphasic reactions (10% vs. 4%; p = .001) were more commonly reported in peanut anaphylaxis. Most cases were labelled as severe anaphylaxis (Ring&Messmer grade III 65% vs. 56% and grade IV 1.1% vs. 0.9%; p = .001). Self-administration of intramuscular adrenaline was low (17% vs. 15%), professional adrenaline administration was higher in non-peanut food anaphylaxis (34% vs. 26%; p = .003). Hospitalization was higher for peanut anaphylaxis (67% vs. 54%; p = .004). Conclusions The European Anaphylaxis Registry data confirmed peanut as one of the major causes of severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reactions in European children, with some characteristic features e.g., presence of asthma comorbidity and increased rate of biphasic reactions. Usage of intramuscular adrenaline as first-line treatment is low and needs to be improved. The Registry, designed as the largest database on anaphylaxis, allows continuous assessment of this condition

Alkoholresorption nach Händedesinfektion : kontrollierte randomisierte verblindete klinische Studie zur Resorption von Ethanol, Propan-1-ol und Propan-2-ol sowie deren Metabolite und Schlussfolgerungen zum risk assessment

Die Händedesinfektion als keimzahlreduzierendes Verfahren wird im medizinischen Bereich von einer großen Personenezahl genutzt, um die Übertragung von nosokomialen Infektionen per Handkontakt zu minimieren. In diesem Zusammenhang stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern bei der Durchführung der alkoholischen Händesdesinfektion die Möglichkeit einer dermalen Resorption der Wirkstoffe besteht, und ob bei einer Permeation durch die Haut ein gesundheitliches Risiko zu erwarten ist. Da bisher nur wenige realitätsnahe in-vivo Untersuchungen zur Resorption der Wirkstoffe aus alkoholischen Desinfektionsmitteln durchgeführt worden sind, haben wir in einer Studie mit 12 Probanden und fünf verschiedenen Desinfektionsmitteln die Bedingungen der hygieneischen und der chirurgischen Händedesinfektion simuliert, um anschließend mit geeigneten Blutuntersuchungen die Resorption und den Metabolismus der Alkohole Ethanol, Propan-1-ol und Propan-2-ol darzustellen. Bei jedem Probanden und für alle fünf Präparate ist die Resoprtion der Wirkstoffe reproduzierbar gezeigt worden. Die median erreichten Ethanolkonzentrationen liegen für die hygienische Händedesinfektion je nach verwendetem Präparat zwischen 6,9 mg/l und 20,9 mg/l und für die chirurgische Händedesinfektion zwischen 8,8 mg/l und 30,1 mg/l. Propan-1-ol erreicht bei der hygienischen Händedesinfektion Medianwerte von 6,5 mg/l bzw. 9,2 mg/l. Bei der chirurgischen Händedesinfektion erreicht Propan-1-ol mediane Konzentrationen von 3,2 mg/l bzw. 18,0 mg/l. Die medianen Propan-2-ol-Konzentrationen erreichen bei der hygienischen Händedesinfektion 4,9 mg/l bzw. 5,3 mg/l und bei der chirurgischen Händedesinfektion 5,8 mg/l bzw. 10,0 mg/l. Dabei ist anteilig inkeinem der Fälle mehr als ¼ der auf die Haut aufgetragenen Alkoholmenge resorbiert worden. Im Ergebnis eines Risk Assessment läßt sich schlußfolgern, dass bei bedachtem Einsatz alkoholischer Händedesinfektionsmittel zu keinem Zeitpunkt eine toxische Gefährdung besteht und die Gefahr gesundheitlicher Schäden bei vorschriftsmäßiger anwendung durch den gesunden Nutzer gerin ist.The hand disinfection as a germ-number-reducing procedure is widely used among medical staff in order to minimize the transfer of nosocomial infections by hand. In this context we have to ask, wether ther is a possibility of dermal absorption of the active agents of alcohol-based hand disinfectants, and whether a health risk is expected by permeation through the skin. Because of the low number of reality-near studies about dermal absorption we have simulated the conditions of hygienic and surgical hand disinfection with five different alcohol-based disinfectants in a study on 12 healthy volunteers in order to investigate absorption and metabolism of the alcohols ethanlo, n-propanol and isopropyl alcohol. The absorption of the active agents could reproducibly be demonstrated for each hand disinfectant and for each volunteer. The median of reached ethanol concentration according to used disinfectant lies between 6,9 mg/l and 20,9 mg/l for the hygienic hand disinfection and for the surgical hand disinfection between 8,8 mg/l and 30,1 mg/l. The blood-concentration of n-propanol reaches median values of 6,5 mg/l as well as 9,2 mg/l doing the hygienic hand disinfection and 3,2 mg/l as well as 18,0 mg/l doing the surgical hand disinfection. The median values of isopropyl alcohol reach 4,9 mg/l as well as 5,3 mg/l with hygienic hand disinfection and with surgical hand disinfection 5,8 mg/l as well as 10,0 mg/l. As a result of a risk assessment we conclude that there is no toxic risk and probably no danger of health damage by using alcohol-based hand disinfectants carefully for the healthy user

Dermal and pulmonary absorption of propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol from hand rubs.

International audienceBACKGROUND: It has been shown that nontoxic concentrations of ethanol are absorbed after hand hygiene using ethanol-based hand rubs. This study investigated whether absorption of propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol from commercially available hand rubs results in measurable concentrations after use. METHODS: The pulmonary and dermal absorption of propanol during hand rubs was investigated. Rubs contained 70% (w/w) propan-1-ol, 63.14% (w/w) propan-2-ol, or 45% (w/w) propan-2-ol in combination with 30% (w/w) propan-1-ol. RESULTS: Peak median blood levels were 9.15 mg/L for propan-1-ol and 5.3 mg/L for propan-2-ol after hygienic hand rubs and 18.0 mg/L and 10.0 mg/L, respectively, after surgical hand rubs. Under actual surgical conditions, the highest median blood levels were 4.08 mg/L for propan-1-ol and 2.56 mg/L for propan-2-ol. The same procedure performed with prevention of pulmonary exposure through the use of a gas-tight mask resulted in peak median blood levels of 1.16 mg/L of propan-1-ol and 1.74 mg/L of propan-2-ol. CONCLUSION: Only minimal amounts of propanols are absorbed through the use of hand rubs. Based on our experimental data, the risk of chronic systemic toxic effects caused by hand rubs is likely negligible. However, our study did not evaluate the consequences of long-term daily and frequent use of hygienic hand rubs

Italian S3-Guideline on the treatment of atopic eczema - First Update, adapted from EuroGuiDerm by the Italian Society of Dermatology and STD (SIDEMAST), the Italian Association of Hospital Dermatologists (ADOI) and the Italian Society of Allergological and Occupational Dermatology (SIDAPA).

The evidence- and consensus-based guideline on atopic eczema, published in JEADV on 18 August 2022 (part 1) and 3 September 2022 (part 2) was developed in accordance with the EuroGuiDerm Guideline and Consensus Statement Development Manual. Four consensus conferences were held between December 2020 and July 2021. Twenty-nine experts (including clinicians and patient representatives) from 12 European countries participated. To reflect the most recent evidence on novel systemic medications, an update was published in October 2022. According to the purpose of the Italian Society of Dermatology and STD (SIDEMAST), the Italian Association of Hospital Dermatologists (ADOI) and the Italian Society of Allergological and Environmental Dermatology (SIDAPA) to adapt the EuroGuiDerm guideline on the treatment of atopic eczema into the Italian Healthcare setting, the original update has been supplemented by inserting notes, well highlighted by the original text, to emphasize the laws, rules, procedures and suggestions of the Italian Ministry of Health and regional Health authorities