Effect of Fast Pyrolysis Operating Conditions on Product Yield of Red Meranti Sawdust

Fast pyrolysis of red meranti sawdust was carried out in a bench-scale tabular furnace reactor for bio-oil production. In this work, the effect of pyrolysis temperature, N2 gas flow rate, retention time and feed particle size were studied. Results showed that the bio-oil achieved maximum yield about 63.2 wt. % at the temperature of 450°C, N2 flow rate of 25 L/min and retention time for feed particle size of 0.3 mm was 60 min. From analysis, it can be concluded that the temperature was the most influential parameter upon bio-oil yield, followed by N2 sweeping gas flow rate into the reactor and retention time of biomass in furnace. Feed particles size was insignificantly effect bio-oil yield. Gained bio-oil was analyzed using GC-MS to identify its compounds. Phenolic compound was dominant compound identified in bio-oil

Kaitan Antara Perundangan Kuari Dengan Industri Pengkuarian

Undang-undang, kaedah-kaedah dan prosedur-prosedur yang dipraktikkan di dalam industri pengkuarian terdapat dalam pelbagai bentuk di mana penguatkuasaan sepenuhnya adalah penting bagi mencapai kecekapan dan operasi yang selamat. Matlamat projek ini adalah untuk mengaitkan operasi di sesebuah kuari dengan perundangan kuari seperti Kaedah-kaedah Kuari Perak 1992, Akta Bahan Letupan 1957, Akta Kualiti Alam Sekeliling 1974 dan perundangan lain yang berkaitan. Antara perkara lain yang dimuatkan adalah berkenaan dengan kesan sebelum dan selepas perundangan kuari dikuatkuasakan. Selain itu, turut dibincangkan adalah mengenai masalah yang timbul daripada perundangan kuari ini dan cadangan sebagai jalan penyelesaian kepada masalah tersebut. Di akhir disertasi ini merumuskan bahawa perundangan kuari telah banyak membawa kesan positif terhadap industri pengkuarian dan penting dikuatkuasakan bagi menjamin kecekapan dan keselamatan operasi kuari

Characterisations the bio-active compounds of bio-oil extracted from red meranti sawdust by fast pyrolysis

Fast pyrolysis is a thermochemical conversion technology to convert biomass into bio-oil product. In this study, red meranti sawdust (RMS) was selected as biomass as feedstock to evaluate its potential to produce bio-oil by fast pyrolysis. The study covers the objective to investigate the parameters effect of process in optimising the bio-oil production and characterise the extracted bio-oil. Fast pyrolysis process was conducted in a bench-scale fluidized bed reactor, with the system consist of temperature controller, cyclone, condensers, nitrogen gas, flow meter, char and bio-oil collectors. In investigating the effect of pyrolysis condition, the experiments were run according to one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach with the parameters involved were temperature, N2 flow rate, retention time and feed particles size. Results showed that bio-oil achieved maximum yield about 56.3 % at 450 °C of temperature, 25 L/min of N2 flow rate and 20 min of retention time for 0.3 mm of feed particles size. It can be concluded that the temperature was the most influential parameter for bio-oil yield. Physicochemical characterisation of bio-oil indicated bio-oil not suitable for transportation fuel due to high oxygen content. Through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, phenolic was the dominant compound identified in bio-oil. Total sugars in bio-oil was 12.82 % area including levoglucosan yield was 8.97 % area. In determining the effect of washing treatment, RMS was washed with deionised (DI) water or diluted hydrochloric (HCl) acid. The efficiency of AAEM removal by DI water, 1.0M HCl and 2.0 M HCl were 66.39 %, 93.32 %, and 97.28 %, respectively. From FTIR analysis, washing treatment had strengthened the RMS chemical bonds. For bio-oil production, bio-oil extracted from RMS - DI water achieved maximum yield about 57.2 % at 450 °C of optimum temperature. In extracted bio-oil, washed RMS produced higher heavier compound and higher levoglucosan than raw RMS. In pyrolysis of impregnated RMS study, RMS was impregnated with CaCl2, CaSO4, FeCl2 or FeSO4. Among these feedstocks, RMS - FeSO4 enhanced the degradation process at lower temperatures with the maximum degradation of temperature has been shifted from 361 °C for RMS control to 314 °C for RMS - FeSO4. Through FTIR analysis, impregnated RMS with FeSO4 has weakened the RMS chemical bond. In extracted bio-oil, it consisted large range of molecular weight compounds and showed an increasing in levoglucosan yield. Levoglucosan was the highest in RMS - FeSO4 about 40.23 % area, with 42.24 % area of total anhydrosugars yield. In optimising bio-oil yield, central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) modelling was employed to develop mathematical model and optimise the process parameters. Through predicted model, results showed that the optimal pyrolysis process condition was obtained at 480 °C of temperature, 25 L/min of N2 flow rate and 24 min of retention time with 56.5 % of bio-oil yield and 2.11 % of error by experiment. Conclusion, RMS has a potential to produce bio-oil. With further treatment on bio-oil to remove oxygen content, this bio-oil can be applied to substitute conventional fuel. Impregnated treatment of RMS with FeSO4 reveals degradation process can be enhanced at lower temperature and increases levoglucosan in bio-oil. These findings are expected to provide some guidelines in future study to produce value-added product from other lignocellulose waste and further, the government concept of divert waste to wealth-product can be achieved

Optimization of Fast Pyrolysis Condition of Red Meranti Sawdust on Bio-Oil Yield

Fast pyrolysis of red meranti sawdust was pyrolysed to produce bio-oil. Experiments were carried out in a tabular furnace reactor with several process variables such as temperature, N2 flow rate and retention time of biomass to identify the optimal operating process for highest yield of bio-oil. Central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to develop mathematical model and optimize the process parameters. Results showed that the optimal pyrolysis process condition was obtained at the temperature of 468 °C, N2 flow rate 27 L/min and retention time of 56 min with the maximum yield of bio-oil was 63.1%. Gained bio-oil under this optimal condition was analyzed using GC-MS to identify its compounds. Phenolic compound was dominant compound identified in bio-oil

Effect of Fast Pyrolysis Operation Condition on Bio-Oil Production of Red Meranti Sawdust

Fast pyrolysis of red meranti sawdust was carried out in a bench-scale tabular furnace reactor for bio-oil production. In this work, the effect of pyrolysis temperature, N2 gas flow rate, retention time and feed particle size were studied. Results showed that the bio-oil achieved maximum yield about 63.2 wt. % at the temperature of 450 °C, N2 flow rate of 25 L/min and retention time for feed particle size of 0.3 mm was 60 min. From analysis, it can be concluded that the temperature was the most influential parameter upon bio-oil yield, followed by N2 sweeping gas flow rate into the reactor and retention time of biomass in furnace. Feed particles size was insignificantly effect bio-oil yield