Surface roughness of ZnO-SiO2 nanocoating

Nanocoating acted as a barrier to avoid the transportation of corrosive species. Nanoparticles provide the resin or coating with a continuous, solid and protective network layer. Silicon wafer p-type substrate was used as standard materials while tungsten wire of 0.15mm diameter was used as tip for scanning operation. Nanoeducator showed that present of nanoparticles increase the surface roughness and maintain the size of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles well distribute in nanosize. Immersion test showed nanoparticles also, improved the adherence of the cured epoxy coating

Impact of takeoff angle of bucket type energy dissipater on scour hole

Scour holes formed downstream of bucket type energy dissipater may affect the safety and stability of the structure. In this study, a physical model is employed to study the impact of takeoff angle of bucket type energy dissipater on the scour hole. The area of longitudinal profile of the scour hole is used to evaluate the seriousness of the scour at downstream of the bucket type energy dissipater. Experimental results showed that the takeoff angle of 45° is the optimum angle which gives minimum longitudinal area of the scour hole. Also, validation of selected equations for predicting maximum scour depth at downstream of the bucket type energy dissipater showed that the equation proposed by Schoklitsch gave minimum error (33%) [1]

Impact of Takeoff Angle of Bucket Type Energy Dissipater on Scour Hole

Scour holes formed downstream of bucket type energy dissipater may affect the safety and stability of the structure. In this study, a physical model is employed to study the impact of takeoff angle of bucket type energy dissipater on the scour hole. The area of longitudinal profile of the scour hole is used to evaluate the seriousness of the scour at downstream of the bucket type energy dissipater. Experimental results showed that the takeoff angle of 45o is the optimum angle which gives minimum longitudinal area of the scour hole. Also, validation of selected equations for predicting maximum scour depth at downstream of the bucket type energy dissipater showed that the equation proposed by Schoklitsch gave minimum error (33%

Isolation and identification of fusarium species associated with fusarium ear rot disease of corn

Fusarium species associated with corn (Zea mays) are very diverse and widely distributed throughout Malaysia. Out of 657 samples cultured, a total of 220 Fusarium isolates were obtained from corn plants showing the typical symptoms of Fusarium ear rot in 12 locations throughout Malaysia. All the isolates were identified into 10 species based on the morphological characteristics that emphasized on growth rates, colony features and microscopic characteristics. A total of 117 Fusarium isolates were classified into four species in the section Liseola and their allied, tentatively identified as F. proliferatum (58), F. subglutinans (34), F. verticillioides (24), and F nygamai (1). Meanwhile, F. proliferatum was the most prevalent species in all the sampling areas. 103 isolates, which were classified into six other Fusarium species belonging to different sections, were also isolated and identified, and these included F semitectum (47), F oxysporum (20), F. pseudograminearum (19), F solani (15), F equiseti (1), and F. longipes (1). F semitectum was the highest among other common saprophytic fungi in corn. F pseudograminearum was only isolated from the samples obtained from Cameron Highlands, Pahang. In term of species diversity, Fusarium species was the highest obtained in Semenyih, Selangor, with H'=1.72

Revetment block

The present invention provides a block (10) for use in a revetment system comprising a plurality of blocks arranged and interlocked to each other. The revetment system provides an improved and effective method for controlling erosion of coastal, riverside and hill slope areas by providing a more effective inhibiting barrier to wave actions and tidal changes that can disperse and absorb waves during storm and changes of water level. The present invention discloses a block (10) comprising a top surface (11), a bottom surface (12), a first and second opposing side surfaces (14,15) extending from the lateral edges of the top and bottom surfaces, and a third and fourth opposing side surfaces (16, 17) extending from the lateral edges of the top and bottom surfaces. The body of the block (10) is provided with an opening (13) that opens from the top surface (11) through bottom surface (12) and runs parallel to the third side surface (16) and fourth side surface (17). Each block (10) in the revetment system is interlocked with an adjacent block (10) in all directions by way of the double dovetail interlocking arrangement. The double dovetail interlocking arrangement is accomplished by providing two types of keying means on each block (10), the protruding flange (18) and groove (19), wherein each block (10) is provided with a protruding flange (18) of keying means on the first side surface (14) and the second side surface (15), and a groove (19) of keying means on the third side surface (16) and fourth side surface (17)