Formulation of Liquorice Root Extract (Glycyrrhiza Glabra L.) as Skin Whitening Cream

Liquorice root extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) contains glabridin, an isoflavane as inhibitors of tyrosinase. This enzyme is responsible in melanin synthesis. The aim of this research was to determine the tyrosinase inhibition activity of liquorice root extract and to formulate into a cream with a variety of emulsifier agent glyceryl monostearate. Liquorice root was macerated using ethanol 96%, invitro tyrosinase inhibition assay was conducted using kojic acid as positive control in 96-well plate. The physical quality parameters of the cream were also evaluated. The results showed that liquorice root extract inhibits tyrosinase with the IC50 126.75 µg/mL. Creams containing 1.01% liquorice root extract were yellowish white, aromatics odour, soft texture, homogen and no segregation in O/W emulsion type. It also showed plastic thixotropic rheological property, viscosity of (2800±0.00) – (4000±0.00) Ps, spreadability of (3029.72±0.81) – (3531.79±6.15)mm2, droplet size of (60.00±0.00) – (65.12±0.01)μm, pH of (4.55±0.03)–(4.63±0.04) and inhibited tyrosinase 10.14 - 19.30%. It can be concluded that the formula with 0.1% of glyceryl monostearate was the best formula that conforms physical quality test and potentially to be developed as a skin whitening cream

Implementation of Library 2.0 Application: Lesson Learnt from Indonesian Library and Librarian

Despite Web 2.0 application achieving impressive growth over the last decade, the application of Web 2.0 in library, which is known as Library 2.0 concept, has received less implication than Web 2.0, particularly in Indonesia Library. This article makes an attempt to show and analyze the implementation of Library 2.0 in Indonesia compared with Global implementation of Library 2.0, whilst scrutinizing the existing literature that covers the implementation of library 2.0 in Indonesia and globally. More specifically, this article examines the implementation of Library 2.0 from 2006 to 2016 and that why Indonesian library did not yet enjoy the full benefit of Library 2.0 as other regions or nations. It finds that although there were great opportunities from internet users in Indonesia, library Indonesia still struggled to take all the benefits from the implementation of library 2.0 in Indonesia.     Keywords: Web 2.0, library 2.0, Indonesia, social media, librar

The Content of Placer Heavy Mineral and Characteristics of REE at Toboali Coast and Its Surrounding Area, Bangka Belitung Province

Bangka Island and surrounding areas (including coast and seabed sediments) is known as main tin producer (cassiterite) in the world as these part of the Southeast Asia Granitic belt, but in fact, other than as a producer of tin, Bangka Belitung is also as heavy mineral placer (as accessories mineral) and REE potential producer which one based on the geological conditions.The potential of accessories minerals on sediment coast, other than cassiterite that occurs around Betumpak Cape, i.e: magnetite (7.86 %), ilmenite (4.9%), zircon (2.51%) and apatite (1.07%) respectively with content. While the content of monazite by using a hand drill has the potential content of up to 67.8 g/m3, while the content of monazite hypothetical resources off the coast of Bangka approximately 471,087,689 m3. As for the content of monazite hypothetical resources off the coast of South Bangka are approximately 23,995,820 m3.At Toboali coast, South Bangka the presence of REE in sediments are above the Earth\u27s crust generally. They’re concentrations, such as La (5.07 to 199 ppm), Ce (106-394 ppm), Pr (5.11-59.7 ppm), Nd (16.5-201 ppm), Sm (9.97-52.3 ppm), Eu (0.18-1.55 ppm), Gd (9.11-39.3 ppm), Tb (1.35-8.14 ppm), Dy (9.01-56.3 ppm), Ho (1.89-12.3 ppm), Er (5.19-33.9 ppm), Tm (0.77-5.62 ppm), Yb (3.3-37.5 ppm) and Lu (0.71-5.41 ppm). LREE (La-Eu) highest content is generally found in the location of the tailings sludge (TBL-13C), not so in HREE (Gd-Lu), the highest content is widely available on the sandy beach sediments (TBL-13B). Tectonic environment of Toboali granitoid rocks by plotting a spider diagram refers to the chondrite normalization is continental magmatic arc.Keywords: Placer heavy mineral, REE, Granitic Belt, Bangka Belitung Province. Pulau Bangka dan daerah sekitarnya (termasuk di pantai dan sedimen dasarlaut) telah lama dikenal sebagai penghasil timah (kasiterit) utama di dunia sebagai dari bagian Jalur Granit AsiaTenggara, selainmineral berat sebagai pembawa unsur tanah jarang (UTJ) sangat dimungkinkan mengingat kondisi geologinya

Regenerasi Kedelai Varietas Grobogan dari Eksplan Buku Kotiledon pada Berbagai Konsentrasi Bap dan 2,4-d

Regenerasi eksplan pascatransformasi merupakan tahapan penting dalam transformasi tanaman. Oleh sebab itu, perlu didapatkan prosedur regenerasi eskplan kedelai yang optimal. Jenis eksplan yang digunakan adalah eksplan buku kotiledon dari kedelai kultivar Grobogan. Induksi kalus menggunakan kombinasi 2,4-D dan BAP, dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 2.0 mg/l, 3.0 mg/l, 4.0 mg/l dan 3.0 mg/l, 3.5 mg/l, dan 4.0 mg/l. Induksi tunas dilakukan menggunakan 3.0 mg/l, 3.5 mg/l, dan 4.0 mg/l BAP. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase eksplan membentuk kalus, jumlah hari pembentukan kalus, morfologi dan warna kalus, persentase kalus membentuk tunas, jumlah hari pembentukan tunas, dan jumlah tunas yang dihasilkan. Kombinasi terbaik untuk menginduksi kalus pada eksplan buku kotiledon kedelai kultivar Grobogan adalah 4.0 mg/l 2,4-D dan 3.0 mg/l BAP. Konsentrasi 3.5 mg/l BAP merupakan konsentrasi terbaik untuk induksi tunas pada eksplan buku kotiledon kedelai kultivar Grobogan. Kata

Regenerasi Kedelai Varietas Grobogan dari Eksplan Buku Kotiledon pada Berbagai Konsentrasi Bap dan 2,4-d

Regenerasi eksplan pascatransformasi merupakan tahapan penting dalam transformasi tanaman. Oleh sebab itu, perlu didapatkan prosedur regenerasi eskplan kedelai yang optimal. Jenis eksplan yang digunakan adalah eksplan buku kotiledon dari kedelai kultivar Grobogan. Induksi kalus menggunakan kombinasi 2,4-D dan BAP, dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 2.0 mg/l, 3.0 mg/l, 4.0 mg/l dan 3.0 mg/l, 3.5 mg/l, dan 4.0 mg/l. Induksi tunas dilakukan menggunakan 3.0 mg/l, 3.5 mg/l, dan 4.0 mg/l BAP. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase eksplan membentuk kalus, jumlah hari pembentukan kalus, morfologi dan warna kalus, persentase kalus membentuk tunas, jumlah hari pembentukan tunas, dan jumlah tunas yang dihasilkan. Kombinasi terbaik untuk menginduksi kalus pada eksplan buku kotiledon kedelai kultivar Grobogan adalah 4.0 mg/l 2,4-D dan 3.0 mg/l BAP. Konsentrasi 3.5 mg/l BAP merupakan konsentrasi terbaik untuk induksi tunas pada eksplan buku kotiledon kedelai kultivar Grobogan. Kata

The Effectiveness of Problem Solving Learning Model on Buffer Solution and Hydrolysis Material in Increasing Obesrvation and Interpretation Competences

The objectives of this research were to find out the effective learning model in increasing observation and interpretation competencies on buffer solution and hydrolysis subjects. Observation and interpretation competencies were part of science process competency (SPC). In line with the objectives of the research, problem colving learning model was applied in learning that is part of constructivism approach. The research method was experiment quasi with the non equivalence control group design. By using purposive sampling technique the sample of this research was XI IPA 1 and XI IPA 3 class. Based on the calculation of hypotesis testing, the result of this research were; (1) problem solving learning model was effective in increasing observation competency (2) problem solving learning model was effective in increasing interpretation competency. Keywords : observation competency, interpretation competency, problem solving                   mode