End Correction of a Resonant Standing Wave in Open Pipes of Different Diameters

The end correction and diameter of pipe is related according to equation C= xD, C is end correction and D is diameter. Before in the research the value of X= 0.33 for ?/D ratio from 11 to 45.( Taylor 2011) Now the value of x is calculated for ?/D ratio 15 to 99.It was found that the value of x= 0.486 for ?/D ratio from 15 to 99.In order to find the value of x=C/D empirical approach is used. All the major issues in the previous research are solved here by using PASCO System interface workshop 750. Keywords: End Correction, Diameter, Wavelength, Open Pipes from both ends, Wave

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROLACTIN HORMONE LEVEL, MOLTING AND DUCK EGG PRODUCTION

The aims of this study were to obtain information on the mechanism of molting and the prolactin hormone levels affecting egg production. The study utilized AP (crossbred of Alabio ♂ with Peking ♀) and PA (crossbred of Peking ♂ and Alabio ♀ ducks) with a total of 180 birds. The observed variables were the duration of cessation of egg production before and after molting, the prolactin hormone level in the period of molting, the egg production period before and after molting. The data was analyzed using ANOVA, regression and correlation. The results showed that AP crossbred had fewer molting (23.33%) compared to PA (50.00%). The mechanism of molting is always preceded by cessation of egg production, molting and relaying. The prolactin hormone concentrations of AP and PA in the period before and after molting were significantly higher than in the period of molting. At the egg production period before molting, the prolactin hormone concentration of AP ducks was higher than the PA ducks. So that the egg production of AP before molting (0-16 weeks) was higher than the PA. The egg production of AP was higher than PA, 256.66±6.00 vs 232.22±6.64 eggs for 48 weeks. So it can be concluded that the prolactin hormone affects the molting and egg production

Relationship of molting trait and egg production on crossbred Peking and Alabio ducks

Selection program through 6 months egg production record as criterion of selection can improve number of egg in a year. However the selected population has still showed molting which is influenced the cessation of egg production, so that its production has not optimal yet. The research has conducted to further learn about the relationship between molting and egg production. This study used 90 females AP ducks (the crossbred of Alabio ♂ and Peking ♀) and 90 females PA ducks (the crossbred of Peking ♂ and Alabio ♀). Observed variables were onset of molting, the length of molting periode and the egg production for 48 weeks. The collected data were analyzed by analysis of variance, correlation and regression. The results showed that based on the starting time of molting the ducks can be categorized into two group i.e (a) molting duck group and (b) non-molting duck group. There were 63 PA ducks characterized non-molting and 21 molting, and there were 42 non-molting and 45 molting in AP ducks. The egg production of these two groups was significantly different (P 0.01). Since the molting was negatively correlated to the 48 weeks egg production (r = -0.896 for PA and -0.553 for AP), then this trait can be used as the selection criterion for egg production.The linear regression equation for PA of 48 weeks egg production = 80.7-0.369 molting duration, and for AP of 48 weeks egg production = 84 - 0.299 molting duration. Key Words: Molting, Egg Production, Duc

Molecular characterization of six sub population Indonesian local goats based on mitochondrial DNA D-loop

Indonesian local goats were spread in some region, but there was still limited data’s known about the characteristics of its genetic diversity and origin. The Mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences were used to study the genetic diversity and relationships of six sub population Indonesian local goats, namely, Kacang, Marica, Samosir, Jawarandu, Muara and Bengali goats. From 539 blood samples and DNA extraction collections were selected about 60 samples (10 samples each sub populations) analyzed by PCR-RFLP methods, followed sequence analyzed about 5 PCR products each sub population. The results of the sequence analyses were edited and acquired about 957 bp of nucleotides length. After the alignment analyses were found 50 polymorphic sites which divided into 19 haplotype groups of mtDNA D-loop region. The value of nucleotide diversity was 0.014 ± 0.002. Analysis of Neighbour Joining with Kimura 2 Parameter methods and bootstrap test with 1000 replication indicated that each sub population groups was significantly different between one groups to the others. The maternal lineages origin of six breeds of Indonesian local goats was included to the group of lineage B. The Lineage B was the maternal origin of the haplogroup of goats in the region of East Asia, South Asia, China, Mongolia, North and South Africa, Malaysia, Indonesia, Pakistan and India. Key words: Genetic Diversity, mtDNA D-loop, Haplotypes, Local Goat

Analisis Hubungan Keragaman Gen SCD1 (Stearoyl CoA Desaturase) dengan Komposisi Asam lemak Daging Sapi Lokal di Ciamis

SCD1 merupakan kandidat gen yang berperan dalam mengkonversi asam lemak jenuhmenjadi  tidak  jenuh,  dan  rasio  keduanya  menentukan  kualitas  daging.  Single  NucleotidePolymorphism (SNP) V293A pada gen SCD1 yang   mengubah asam amino Valina menjadiAlaninaberpengaruh terhadap komposisi asam lemak daging. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi keragaman gen SCD1 berdasarkan SNP V293A, dan hubungannya dengan kandungan  asam lemak pada sapi lokal  di Ciamis. Penelitian ini menggunakan 14  sampel daging  dan  DNA  dengan  genotipe  yang  berbeda.  Metode  PCR-RFLPdengan  enzim  Aci1digunakan untuk mendeteksi SNP V293A pada exon 5.   Hubungan keragaman gen SCD1 dengan komposisi asam lemak daging dianalisis dengan uji T. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan gen SCD1 pada sapi lokal Ciamis polimorfik, terdapat dua alel, yaitu alel T dan C dengan tiga genotipe,   yaitu TT, CT  dan CC.  SNP V293A pada gen SCD1 tidak  berpengaruh terhadap komposisi asam lemak daging sapi lokal di Ciamis Jawa Barat.Kata kunci : asam lemak daging, PCR-RFLP, Sapi lokal Ciamis, SCD1

GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION IN FOUR INDONESIAN CATTLE BREEDS INFERRED FROM ILLUMINA PARENTAGE SNP MARKERS

Genetic characterization in native livestock is essential to conserve the genetics standard of livestock for pure-breeding programs.  This research aimed to characterize four Indonesian cattle breeds using 156 sites of Parentage SNP Markers, includingARS-USMARC-Parent (119 sites) and ARS-USMARC (37 sites).  Total of 113 mixed-sex animals were used for the evaluation, including 16 Bali (Bos javanicus), 16 Madura (Bos indicus), 33 Ongole grade (Bos indicus), and 48 Sumba Ongole (Bos indicus) cattle breeds. Results showed Bali, Madura, and Ongole lineage (Ongole grade and Sumba Ongole) cattle can be discriminated against with the Parentage SNP Markers. The pairwise genetic distance analysis revealed that Bali cattle had a closer genetic relationship with Madura cattle (0.043 - 0.151) than Ongole lineage cattle (0.073 - 0.325).  However, the phylogenetic tree explained that the Ongole lineage cattle are grouped into two different clades. At the same time, Bali, Madura and Ongole lineage cattle are grouped into their original cluster.  The study suggests that the Parentage SNP Markers can be used to characterize Bali, Madura, and Ongole lineage cattle accurately

Hubungan Keragaman Gen Leptin dengan Kualitas Fisik Daging Sapi Lokal Di Ciamis (Relationship between Leptin Gene Diversity with Physical Quality of Local Beef In Ciamis)

Leptin  terlibat  dalam  berbagai  proses  fisiologispembentukan  lemak.  Keragaman  gen Leptin  karena  adanya  SNP  Arg25Cys  pada  exon  2,  mempunyai  hubungan  dengan  deposisi lemak, yang dapat mempengaruhi  kualitas daging. Penelitian  ini bertujuan  untuk mengetahui keragaman gen leptin  dan hubungannya dengan kualitas fisik daging sapi lokal di Ciamis Jawa Barat.  Penelitian  ini  menggunakan  14  sampel  daging  bagian  udamaru  yang  diperoleh  dari peternakan  rakyat.Sampel  DNA diisolasi  dari daging.  Amplifikasi  DNA menggunakan  PCR, dan   penentuan   genotipe   dianalisis   dari   hasil   sequencing   produk   PCR.   Hasil   penelitian menunjukkan Gen Leptin pada sapi lokal Ciamis bersifat polimorfik, terdapat tiga alel, yaitu C, T (memiliki mutasi Arg25Cys) dan H (memiliki mutasi Arg25His) serta terdapat tiga genotipe CC,  CT  dan  CH.  Perbedaan  genotipe  gen  Leptin  tidak  berpengaruh  terhadap  kualitas  fisik daging sapi lokal di Ciamis.Kata kunci: Kualitas daging, Lepti

MODIFICATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM SHELLS OF JENGKOL WITH TiO2 FOR PHOTODEGRADATION OF RHODAMINE B

Modifying activated carbon from jengkol shells with TiO2 to degrade Rhodamine by UV irradiation has been done. Modification of KA-TiO2 photocatalyst using the impregnation method. The photodegradation test of dyes was carried out with several parameters such as the variation of KA-TiO2 catalyst weight and contact time. Photocatalyst characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), while for dye concentration using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Difractogram XRD shows that the activated carbon material after modification with TiO2 metal is characterized by the emergence of typical TiO2 peaks. The results showed that the highest percentage of Rhodamine B degraded by KA-TiO2 was 94.11% with a contact time of 120 minutes and a catalyst weight of 1.5 grams.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  &nbsp

Study on the Biological Characteristics of Pegagan Duck

Sari et al. 2012. Study on the Biological Characteristics of Pegagan Duck. JLSO 1(2):170-176. Pegagan duck is one of the local genetic  and biodiversity resources in South Sumatera which needs to be conserved and developed. So far, scientific data of Pegagan duck as a biodiversity resource were relatively limited compared to other local ducks. The aim of this experiment was to investigate and identify egg variability of Pegagan duck. This experiment started by collecting 500 Pegagan’s egg from three districts, namely Tanjung Raja, Inderalaya and Pemulutan, Ogan Ilir Regency, Sumatera Selatan. Collected eggs were cleaned with lysol 2.5% prior to putting into the hatching machine. During hatching process, the eggs were rolled up and down from the 3th d until the 25th d. Egg candling was done three times: day 5, day 13 and day 25. The results showed that initial weight of parent (G0) male and female Pegagan duck was 36.87 g and 36.73 g, respectively. Meanwhile,  F1 generation was 36.90 g for male and 37.09 g for female. The growth pattern between male and female duck was relatively the same. Growth curve which showed the relationship between body weight and age of duck formed a sigmoid curve. The growth differences between male and female duck occured at the 5th week. Body weight of male duck was  higher than female duck. The highest body weight found at the  inflexion point for both male and female duck for parent (G0) was at the 4th week and for F1 was at the 5th week.  At the first laying, the body weight of Pegagan duck for parent (G0) reached 1541.17±132.19 g, whereas for F1 reached 1605.34±167.19 g. Parent (G0) and F1 of Pegagan duck layed at the average age of 153 and 154 d, wherein 30% layed at the age of < 151 d and 60% at the age of 151-170 d.These results were expectedly become database and guidance for the conservation and sustainable development of pegagan duck