4,602 research outputs found
Breadboard linear array scan imager using LSI solid-state technology
The performance of large scale integration photodiode arrays in a linear array scan (pushbroom) breadboard was evaluated for application to multispectral remote sensing of the earth's resources. The technical approach, implementation, and test results of the program are described. Several self scanned linear array visible photodetector focal plane arrays were fabricated and evaluated in an optical bench configuration. A 1728-detector array operating in four bands (0.5 - 1.1 micrometer) was evaluated for noise, spectral response, dynamic range, crosstalk, MTF, noise equivalent irradiance, linearity, and image quality. Other results include image artifact data, temporal characteristics, radiometric accuracy, calibration experience, chip alignment, and array fabrication experience. Special studies and experimentation were included in long array fabrication and real-time image processing for low-cost ground stations, including the use of computer image processing. High quality images were produced and all objectives of the program were attained
ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ
ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ
The abundances of ethane to acetylene in the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn
The present determination of the stratospheric abundances of ethane and acetylene on Jupiter and Saturn on the basis of IR spectra near 780/cm uses atmospheric models whose thermal and density profiles have constant mixing ratios. The ratio of ethane to acetylene is noted to be insensitive to model atmosphere assumptions; it is 55 + or - 31 for Jupiter and 23 + or - 12 where model mixing ratios are uniform. Atmospheric model density profiles adapted from theoretical photochemical models are noted to also yield a higher ethane/acetylene ratios for Jupiter
Implementation of the Hydrographic Data Acquisition and Processing System (HDAPS) in the NOAA Fleet
The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has developed an automated system for acquiring and processing hydrographic field data in support of its charting mission. The Hydrographic Data Acquisition and Processing System (HDAPS) addresses NOAAβs broad requirement to conduct hydrographic surveys in the coastal waters of the U.S. Systems have been successfully deployed on ships, launches, and small boats. Two types of HDAPS data acquisition systems (DAS) are presented. The first system, based on Hewlett-Packard (HP) hardware, is deployed on ships and launches. The second type is a small boat, 24-volt system, based on 1BM-PC compatible hardware. Both types of DAS are capable of conducting echo sounding and side scan sonar surveys. Data acquired by both systems are processed on an HP-based data processing system
Implementing tradable permits for sulfur oxides emissions : a case study in the South Coast Air Basin
Tradable emissions permits have important theoretical advantages over source-specific technical standards as a means for controlling pollution. Nonetheless, difficulties can arise in trying to implement an efficient, competitive market in emissions permits. Simple workable versions of the market concept may fail to achieve the competitive equilibrium, or to take account of important complexities in the relationship between the pattern of emissions and the geographical distribution of pollution. Existing regulatory law may severely limit the range of market opportunities that states can adopt.
This report examines the feasibility of tradable permits for controlling particulate sulfates in the Los Angeles airshed. Although the empirical part of the paper deals with a specific case, the methods developed have general applicability. Moreover, the particular market design that is proposed -- an auction process that involves no net revenue collection by the state -- has attractive features as a general model
Towards Erlang Verification by Term Rewriting
The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14125-1_7This paper presents a transformational approach to the verification
of Erlang programs. We define a stepwise transformation from
(first-order) Erlang programs to (non-deterministic) term rewrite systems
that compute an overapproximation of the original Erlang program.
In this way, existing techniques for term rewriting become available. Furthermore,
one can use narrowing as a symbolic execution extension of
rewriting in order to design a verification technique. We illustrate our
approach with some examples, including a deadlock analysis of a simple
Erlang program.Vidal Oriola, GF. (2013). Towards Erlang Verification by Term Rewriting. En Logic-Based Program Synthesis and Transformation. Springer. 109-126. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14125-1_7S109126Albert, E., Arenas, P., GΓ³mez-Zamalloa, M.: Symbolic Execution of Concurrent Objects in CLP. In: Russo, C., Zhou, N.-F. (eds.) PADL 2012. LNCS, vol. 7149, pp. 123β137. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)Albert, E., Vidal, G.: The narrowing-driven approach to functional logic program specialization. New Generation Computing 20(1), 3β26 (2002)Joe, A., Robert, V., Williams, M.: Concurrent programming in ERLANG. Prentice Hall (1993)Arts, T., Earle, C.B., Derrick, J.: Development of a verified Erlang program for resource locking. STTT 5(2β3), 205β220 (2004)Baader, F., Nipkow, T.: Term Rewriting and All That. Cambridge University Press (1998)Caballero, R., Martin-Martin, E., Riesco, A., Tamarit, S.: A Declarative Debugger for Sequential Erlang Programs. In: Veanes, M., ViganΓ², L. (eds.) TAP 2013. LNCS, vol. 7942, pp. 96β114. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)Claessen, K., Svensson, H.: A semantics for distributed Erlang. In: Sagonas, K.F., Armstrong, J. (eds.). In: Proc. of the 2005 ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Erlang, pp. 78β87. ACM (2005)Earle, C.B.: Symbolic program execution using the Erlang verification tool. In: Alpuente, M. (eds.) Proc. of the 9th International Workshop on Functional and Logic Programming (WFLP 2000), pp. 42β55 (2000)Felleisen, M., Friedman, D.P., Kohlbecker, E.E., Duba, B.F.: A syntactic theory of sequential control. Theor. Comput. Sci. 52, 205β237 (1987)Fredlund, L.-A., Svensson, H.: McErlang: a model checker for a distributed functional programming language. In: Hinze, R., Ramsey, N. (eds). In: Proc. of ICFP 2007, pp. 125β136. ACM (2007)Giesl, J., Arts, T.: Verification of Erlang Processes by Dependency Pairs. Appl. Algebra Eng. Commun. Comput. 12(1/2), 39β72 (2001)Hanus, M. (ed.): Curry: An integrated functional logic language (vers. 0.8.3) (2012), http://www.curry-language.orgHuch, F.: Verification of Erlang Programs using Abstract Interpretation and Model Checking. In: RΓ©mi, D., Lee, P. (eds.) Proc. of ICFP 1999, pp. 261β272. ACM (1999)J.-M., H.: Canonical forms and unification. In: Bibel, W., Kowalski, R. (eds.) 5th Conference on Automated Deduction Les Arcs. LNCS, pp. 318β334. Springer, Heidelberg (1980)Leucker, M., Noll, T.: Rewriting Logic as a Framework for Generic Verification Tools. Electr. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 36, 121β137 (2000)Meseguer, J.: Conditioned Rewriting Logic as a United Model of Concurrency. Theor. Comput. Sci. 96(1), 73β155 (1992)NeuhΓ€uΓer, M.R., Noll, T.: Abstraction and Model Checking of Core Erlang Programs in Maude. Electr. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 176(4), 147β163 (2007)Nishida, N., Vidal, G.: A finite representation of the narrowing space. In: Proc. of the 23th International Symposium on Logic-Based Program Synthesis and Transformation (LOPSTR 2013). Technical Report TR-11-13, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, pp. 113β128 (To appear in Springer LNCS, 2013). http://users.dsic.upv.es/~gvidal/Noll, T.: A Rewriting Logic Implementation of Erlang. Electr. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 44(2), 206β224 (2001)Noll, T.: Equational Abstractions for Model Checking Erlang Programs. Electr. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 118, 145β162 (2005)Noll, T.G., Fredlund, L., Gurov, D.: The Erlang Verification Tool. In: Margaria, T., Yi, W. (eds.) TACAS 2001. LNCS, vol. 2031, pp. 582β586. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)Roy, C.K.: Thomas Noll, Banani Roy, and James R. Cordy. Towards automatic verification of Erlang programs by pi-calculus translation. In: Feeley,M., Trinder, P.W. (eds.) Proc. of the 2006 ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Erlang, pp. 38β50. ACM (2006)Slagle, J.R.: Automated theorem-proving for theories with simplifiers, commutativity and associativity. Journal of the ACM 21(4), 622β642 (1974)Svensson, H., Fredlund, L.-A.: A more accurate semantics for distributed Erlang. In: Thompson, S.J., Fredlund. L.-A., (eds.) Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Erlang, pp. 43β54. ACM (2007)Vidal, G.: Closed symbolic execution for verifying program termination. In: Proc. of the 12th IEEE International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM 2012), pp. 34β43. IEEE (2012)Visser, W., Havelund, K., Brat, G.P., Park, S., Lerda, F.: Model checking programs. Autom. Softw. Eng. 10(2), 203β232 (2003
A Statement on the Appropriate Role for Research and Development in Climate Policy
This statement is issued by a group of economists and scientists which met at Stanford University on October 18, 2008 to discuss the role of research and development (R&D) in developing effective policies for addressing the adverse potential consequences of climate change. We believe that climate change is a serious issue that governments need to address. We also believe that research and development needs to be a central part of governmentsβ strategies for responding to this challenge. Solutions to manage long-term risks will require the development and global deployment of a range of technologies for energy supply and end-use, land-use, agriculture and adaptation that are not currently commercial. A key potential benefit of focused scientific and technological research and development investment is that it could dramatically reduce the cost of restricting greenhouse gas emissions by encouraging the development of more affordable, better performing technologies.
Not in my back yard! Sports stadia location and the property market
In recent years sports stadia have been built in the UK, not only for their intended sporting purpose but with the twin aim of stimulating economic and physical regeneration. However, proposals to locate stadia in urban areas often prompt a negative reaction from local communities, fearing a decline in property prices. This paper will use a case study of the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff and the City of Manchester Stadium to illustrate that in contrast to this widely held belief, sports stadia can actually enhance the value of residential property. Furthermore, it will argue that stadia also contribute indirectly to property value through the creation of pride, confidence and enhanced image of an area.</p
Π‘ΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy has been applied to polymer samples in order to investigate the possibility of using this method for the identification of different materials. The plasma emission spectra of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthylene (PET), and polypropylene (PP) have been studied. Spectral features have been measured - for example, the 725.7 nm chlorine line, the 486.13 mm H(?) line, and the 247.86 nm carbon line - whose evaluation with neural networks permits identification accuracies between 90 and 1 00 per cent, depending on polymer type
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