Investigation of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of tetracera scandens leaf using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-based metabolomics

Introduction: Tetracera scandens is a shrub that belongs to Dilleniaceae family. The leaves of this plant have medicinal values and traditionally been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Malaysia. The conventional quality control analysis of medicinal plantsthat relies on the quantification of few major metabolites is considered time-consuming since it requires extensive sample preparation and neglects the possible impacts that the other metabolites could have on the activity. Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate the α-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) potential of different ratios of water-methanol extracts of T. scandens leaves and to establish a predictive multivariate model that could be used for the quality evaluation of T. scandens leaf based on the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of its extracts. Materials and Methods: Different ratios of solvent (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% methanol in water) were used to prepare a total of 36 extracts. The AGI potential and the FT-IR fingerprint spectrum were acquired for each extract. Results: A four components OPLS model (1+3+0) with R2Y of 0.951 and Q2Y of 0.916 was established to describe the correlation between the fingerprint FT-IR spectra of different T. scandens extracts and their corresponding AGI activities. The carbonoxygen, carbon-halide single bonds, as well hydroxyl and carbonyl groups were identified to be positively correlated with the AGI activity. Conclusion: An OPLS model was successfully developed as a rapid quality evaluation method to predict the AGI activity of T. scandens leaves

Phytochemicals and biological activity of Tetracera scandens Linn. Merr. (Dilleniaceae): a short review

Tetracera scandens is a southeast Asian shrub that belongs to family Dilleniaceae. Over the years, different parts of the plant have been used for the management of different diseases, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, rheumatism, diarrhea, hepatitis, and inflammation. This variety of medical indications has attracted the attention of many researchers to this plant species, leading to the conduction of many research studies on different parts of the plant. These studies have confirmed some of the aforementioned activities of the plant, whereas other indications remain to be ascertained. This article is an attempt to summarize the studies conducted on T. scandens and to explore the isolated phytochemicals

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of trachyspermum ammi seed extract and Its GC-MS analysis

Introduction: Since ancient times Trachyspermum ammi was utilized for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in traditional medicine system. Objectives: Present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect and characterization of chemical composition seed extract of T. ammi through GC-MS. Material and Methods: Seed extracts were prepared through soxhlet extraction using n-hexane, chloroform and methanol as solvents. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS) analysis was performed by derivatized sample of T. ammi extract. Acute toxicity test performed at dose of 400mg/kg, 800mg/kg, 1600mg/kg and 3200mg/kg. Two different strengths (minimum therapeutic dose 500mg/ kg and maximum therapeutic dose1000mg/kg) were given to Wistar rats to measure anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. Results: Results from analgesic and antiinflammatory activity demonstrate that in both activities standard drug (tramadol) have more analgesic (percentage of analgesia 26.08%) and regarding anti-inflammatory effect diclofenac sodium (percentage of inhibition of paw edema 29.68%) more effective as compared to test drug. When efficacy of all extracts compared with each other n-hexane extract showed more percentage of inhibition (percentage analgesia 20.69% and percentage inhibition of paw edema 22.21%) at maximum effective dose 1000mg/kg. In order to find out significance difference among groups ANOVA test was used at 95% significant level. A number of different bioactive compounds were identified through GC-MS analysis. Conclusion: Results showed that T. ammi seed extracts have anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity potentiating in neurotransmission of GABA and repression of receptor of glutamate along with suppression of nitric oxide (NO) pathway. Phenolic compounds present in seeds may responsible for anti-inflammatory activity

Evaluation and comparison of Trachyspermum ammi seed extract for its anti-inflammatory effect

Aims and Objectives: The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of different seed extracts of Trachyspermum ammi at different doses. Materials and Methods: Three different seed extracts were prepared through Soxhlet extraction method by using n-hexane, chloroform and methanol solvents. Acute toxicity test performed at dose of 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, 1600 mg/kg and 3200 mg/kg. Two different strengths of seed extracts (minimum therapeutic dose of 500 mg/kg and maximum therapeutic dose of 1000 mg/kg) were given to Wistar rats to measure anti-inflammatory activity through Carrageenan induced paw edema method. Results: The standard drug diclofenac sodium was (percentage of inhibition of paw edema 29.68%) more effective as compared to test drug. When efficacy of all extracts compared with each other, n-hexane extract showed more anti-inflammatory effect (percentage inhibition of paw edema 22.21%) at maximum effective dose 1000 mg/kg. Conclusion: Seed extracts of T. ammi showed anti-inflammatory activity by potentiating the neurotransmission of GABA and also by repression glutamate receptor

Metabolite identification in different fractions of Ficus auriculata Loureiro fruit using the 1H-NMR metabolomics approach and UHPLC-MS/MS

Ficus auriculata Loureiro is one of the neglected fruits in Malaysia, which has been traditionally claimed to have health promoting benefits. However, scientific studies that prove the biological activities and metabolites profile of this fruit are lacking. Therefore, the current study aimed to provide a better insight into the variation of different fractions of F. auriculata fruit, that is, hexane (HF), dichloromethane (DF), ethyl acetate (EF), butanol (BF) and aqueous (AF). This study also aimed to examine the correlation of the metabolite content with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activities, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity through a robust 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) metabolomics approach. The biological activity results showed that EF was the most active fraction toward DPPH and NO radical scavenging activities (IC50 values of 6.21 and 93.79 µg/mL, respectively), followed by DF and HF, which were revealed to have higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (IC50 values of 2.90 and 2.52 µg/mL, respectively) than the other fractions. A total of 37 and 77 metabolites were tentatively identified through NMR and UHPLC-MS/MS analyses, respectively. The metabolites that have been observed to contribute to antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were quercetin, catechin, caffeic acid, apigenin, chlorogenic acid, lupeol, and lupeol acetate and oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, lupeol acetate and betulinic acid, respectively. The results of the present study indicated that the different solvent fractions exhibited variations in the recovery of metabolites that have high antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities in F. auriculata fruit