Military spending and natural resources: evidence from global data

Most of the studies show a clear relation between the increase of Oil revenues and the rapid increases in the military expenditure and arms imports (Perlo-Freeman, et al, 2011, Ali 2013). According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI, 2010), rising prices and new Oil and Gas exploitation have given governments windfall revenues, some of which have found their way into military spending. Using global data from 1988 to 2013 for 119 countries, this research aim to study: To what extent does the rent from natural resources affect the military spending? Is the countries level of development vis-à-vis military spending? This study will add to the literature available on the consequences of Natural resources on military spending and support the resources curse hypotheses that building up the military-industrial complex intertwined with the natural resources revenues windfall. In addition, it has been shown that natural resources have got negative impact on defense spending such as Oil and natural gas. Moreover, a variable such as Openness has got a crucial significant impact on military spending, while the rent from minerals and coal are ambiguous and has no certain impact on military spending. Keywords: Military Spending; Natural Resources; Openness; Global Dat

The Formulation of the Cultural Identity of Interior Architecture Students through the Educational Globalization

Educational Globalization debilitates the identities, the origins and cultural, religious, etymological, racial, and ethnic foundations— challenge a country's feeling of solidarity and cohesion. The incorporation of cultural beliefs and the ensuing generations’ patterns into the society is an essential test of globalization. Neglecting to do so; however, will have long haul social ramification. The capacity to define a character that permits agreeable development between universes will be at the very heart of accomplishing a really "worldwide soul". This research provides insights into a critical question: How are identity and agency implicated in educational processes and outcomes? Thus, the paper discusses the role of educational institutions, led by the Fine Arts and Applied Arts, with its leading role in facing the educational globalization and the dominance of foreign countries on Arab societies in the way of clothing, food and even individual behaviors. Certainly, the young designers, in the university student age, are influenced by the wave of westernization they face day and night

Salidroside as a Novel Protective Agent to Improve Red Blood Cell Cryopreservation.

Glycerol and trehalose have been widely examined as protective agents in the cryopreservation of red blood cells (RBCs). However, the effectiveness of these reagents alone on cell viability is moderate. Here, the addition of salidroside attenuated oxidative damage of sheep RBCs prior to and post cryostorage. The supplementation of salidroside to the cryopreservation media containing 10% glycerol improved RBC survival by approximately 61.1±4.8% vs 37.9±4.6%. A smaller effect was seen in RBCs cryopreserved in 300 mM trehalose where the addition of salidroside improved survival by 7.6±0.3%. Furthermore, the addition of salidroside to cold storage solution demonstrated a significant reduction of haemolysis after 4 days for RBCs loaded with either glycerol or trehalose, compared to cells incubated without salidroside. RBCs survival was 2-fold greater following freezing in trehalose, compared with glycerol. After 10 days, salidroside enabled a lower haemolysis of 16.7±1.3% compared to 29.0±8.4% for cells incubated without salidroside. However, salidroside had no effect on RBCs which had been frozen in glycerol as the resulting haemolysis rate by day 10 was approximately 60%. Salidroside increased glutathione reductase activity and decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity. Furthermore, it led to reduced carbonylation of proteins in both glycerol and trehalose loaded cells. Finally, no effect on lipid peroxidation was found in the glycerol loaded RBCs although this was reduced in RBCs loaded with trehalose and salidroside. The present findings confirm the potential use of salidroside as a novel protective agent in cryopreservation and refrigerated storage of sheep RBCs.King AbdulAziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), NASAThis is the final version of the article. It first appeared from the Public Library of Science via https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.016274

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of genital Mycoplasmas among a group of pregnant women

AbstractMycoplasma hominis (MH) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) are important members of genital Mycoplasmas. They are implicated in urogenital infections and complicated pregnancy (chorioamnionitis, preterm delivery, abortion, and preterm birth) as well as bacterial vaginosis and cervicitis. The administration of antimicrobial agents to pregnant women with preterm rupture of the membranes (PROM) may extend the gestation period and decrease the risks of associated complications and neonatal infections. Despite empirical therapy is the rule in cases suspected to have genital infection in Egypt, the surveillance of the susceptibilities of used antibiotics is mandatory to ensure treatment efficacy and good prevention of any possible complications. This study aimed to assess the infection rate of genital Mycoplasmas (MH and UU) among pregnant females and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern to provide a provisional idea about the effectiveness of antibiotics used empirically to treat cases of genital infections in pregnant women. High vaginal swabs of 50 pregnant females were examined using Mycoplasma IES kit, for identification of UU and MH. The kit also provides the antimicrobial susceptibility results for 12 antimicrobials of five different classes. UU and MH were detected in 26/50 (52%), and 7/50 (14%) of cases respectively, of which 5 cases showed mixed infection with both organisms. UU was most sensitive to quinolones (90–95%), followed by tetracyclines (80–85%). The least sensitivity was detected with chloramphenicol and clindamycin (40% and 30% respectively). The two MH isolates (100%) were sensitive to the three tested quinolones in addition to clindamycin and thiamphenicol. MH showed 100% sensitivity to clindamycin and 75% of UU isolates were sensitive to azithromycin. Further studies are needed to detect any future changes in the susceptibility pattern for these drugs or other antibiotics

Hepatic and gastrointestinal complications after adult cardiac surgery

Background: Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) complications are associated with increased morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. Therefore, The goal of this research was to estimate the frequency of GIT and hepatic complications after cardiac surgery and to determine the risk factors for these complications. Additionally, we studied the effect of these complications on the outcomes of surgery. Methods: This longitudinal study included 139 consecutive patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery. Patients were grouped according to the GIT and hepatic complications into two groups. Postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups.   Results The mean age was 59.43 years, and 106 patients were males (76%). The GIT and hepatic complications rate was 15.8% (n= 22). Hepatic dysfunction occurred in 8.6% of cases, GIT bleeding in 2.9%, paralytic ileus in 2.2%, fulminant hepatic failure in 2.2%, and GIT bleeding combined with paralytic ileus in 0.7%. The overall mortality was 7.2 % (n= 10). The mortality rate in patients who developed GIT and hepatic complications was 45.5% (n= 10 out of 22 patients). There was statistically significantly higher mortality (10 (45.5%) vs. 0; P= 0.001), cardiac arrest (10 (45.5%) vs. 3 (2.6%); P= 0.001), and reoperation rate (5 (22.7%) vs. 6 (5.1%); P= 0.005) among patients with GIT or hepatic complications. Conclusion: Patients with hepatic and GIT complications could have higher mortality, morbidity, and longer hospital stay than the non-complicated group

Synthesis and Evaluation of Some New Thiazoles as Antioxidant Additives for Egyptian Lubricating Oils

4-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-phenol (1) reacted with 2-(4-methoxy-benzylidene)-malononitrile or 1,3-diphenyl-1H- pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde to afford enaminonitrile, pyrazolo derivatives 2 and 3, respectively. On the other hand, methylation of 1 afforded the acetyl derivative 4 which reacted with phenyl isothiocyanate, diazonium salt, acetic anhydride, cyclic anhydride, ethyl acetoacetate, benzaldehyde or phosphorous oxychloride to afford compounds 5-9, 11 and 12, respectively. Moreover, the compound 12 reacted with ethyl cyanoacetate to afford compound 13. A one-pot reaction of compound 1 with ethyl acetoacetate and benzaldehyde afforded compound 10. The synthesized compounds were evaluated as antioxidant additives for lube oil. Key words: Key words: Aminothiazole; Condensation; Antioxidant Additive

Evaluation Of Soil Conditioner (Barbary-Plant (BP) Fertilizer) On Cucumber Hybrids (Cucumis Sativus L.) Under Cooled Plastic Houses Conditions In Khartoum State

This experiment was conducted for two successive seasons (June to September 2016 and January to mid April 2017) in cooled plastic house at Shambat Research Station, Agricultural Research Corporation, Sudan. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of Barbary - plant (BP) fertilizer; third generation (G3) on growth and yield of two cucumber hybrids. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with four fertilizer treatments namely; 50g Barbary-Plant (BP) fertilizer, 75 g (BP), 100 g (BP) and (NPK) fertilizer as a check in rate 1.0 - 12.5g / plant during season, used as a sub plot, and two hybrids (A and B) as main plot replicated three times. The means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at P < = 0.05. Seventy five g of (BP) per plant resulted in a significant increase in plant height, number of flowers and fruits per plant, total fruit yield (kg/m2), number of fruits/m2, fruit height and fruit diameter followed by 50 g (BP), NPK and 100g (BP). Moreover, using of 75 g (BP) resulted in a significant saving of water irrigation followed by 50 g (BP) and 100 g (BP). Likewise, using of (B-P) reflecting in controlling of pests and diseases and extended the harvesting period of the crop. Based on the statistical and economical analysis, the study recommended the application of the soil conditioner Barbary-plant (BP) at the rate of 75g per plant of cucumber (60kg (BP) / 300m2) in Sudan

El uso de arabismos en la traducción literaria del árabe al español: estudio de tres casos de narrativa contemporánea

This paper is a descriptive study that aims, through presenting some cases of the use of Arabisms or Arabic loanwords in the literary translation from Arabic to Spanish, to determine the function that these fulfill in the translated text. In other words, it aspires to demonstrate if they are the only equivalents of the original word in Arabic or there are other more widely used alternatives, and despite this they have been preferred in the translation to give it an exotic Arabic aspect, especially when it comes to unusual or obsolete Arabic loanwords or these which meanings have changed, and they only keep phonic similarity with the original Arabic words.El presente trabajo es un estudio descriptivo que pretende, mediante la exposición de algunos casos del uso de arabismos en la traducción literaria del árabe al español, determinar la función que estos cumplen en el texto traducido. Es decir, si son los únicos equivalentes de la palabra original o hay otras alternativas más usadas, y a pesar de esto se los ha preferido para dar un matiz árabe exótico a la traducción, sobre todo cuando se trata de arabismos desusados o cuyos significados han cambiado y solo guardan semejanza fónica con la palabra árabe original

Fibromyalgia in Rheumatoid Patients, Depression and Cognitive Dysfunction

Aim of the work: To correlate relation between depression, cognitive dysfunction and fibromyalgia (FM) in rheumatoid patients. Patients and methods: The study was done on 60 patients, in 2 groups, Group A: Active, and Group B inactive patients. 9 were FM and 51 patients without FM Depression was diagnosed based on PHQ 9 depression scale test Cognitive function was assessed by MOCA test. Results: Mean scale of depression in FM 16.78 ± 6.38 while in patients free of FM are 12.27 ± 5.39 with statistically significant p value. Mean scale of cognitive dysfunction in patient with FM was 23.33 ± 3.87 while in patients without are 22.9 ± 4.51 without statistically significant p value. Conclusions: There is statistically significant correlation between depression and fibromyalgia and no statistically significant correlation between cognitive function and fibromyalgia