Effect of Sodium Thiosulfate on Interfacial Adaptation and Penetration of an Epoxy Resin-Based Root Canal Sealer

Introduction: Our study evaluated the impact of sodium thiosulfate (ST) irrigation, subsequent to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and just before root canal filling, on the filling quality (interfacial adaptation and penetration segment) of an epoxy resin-based root canal sealer. Methods and Materials: Twenty single-rooted human teeth were prepared with the ProTaper system. The specimens were then divided into the following groups: 5.25% NaOCl irrigation (NaOCl group) and 5.25% NaOCl irrigation+0.5% sodium thiosulfate (NaOCl+ST group). The root canals were filled using single-cone technique with ProTaper F3 cones and AH-Plus sealer, labeled with rhodamine B dye to allow analysis under a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). All samples were sectioned at 2, 4, and 6 mm from the apex and prepared for CLSM analysis. The percentage of voids, gaps and dentinal sealer penetration segment of the canal were calculated at the apical, middle and coronal thirds. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney statistical test was used at 5% significance level. Results: Higher percentage of gaps and voids were observed at all root thirds of the NaOCl group when compared to the NaOCl+ST group (P<0.05). There was a significant increase in the penetration segment of NaOCl+ST group at the coronal and middle root third when compared to the NaOCl group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our in vitro results showed that the use of ST as an antioxidant agent after NaOCl irrigation promoted a better interfacial adaptation and penetration of epoxy resin-based root canal fillings

Avaliação do estado nutricional e intervenção dietética em atletas de Futebol americano de Petrolina-PE

The performance and wad of the athletes can be improved when they change their nutrition. The diet, which consist all nutrients, can preserve body composition, supports the functioning of the metabolic pathways associated with the sporting modality. In view of the above, the present study aimed to analyze anthropometric indicators, guide and intervene in the food standard of the players. The sample consisted of 40 male athletes aged 23.79 ± 4.92 years. Measurements of height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and fat percentage (%G) estimated by bioelectrical impedance. The others measures were, the skin folds and perimeter of the arm, chest, waist, abdomen, hip, thigh and calf were measured, the food intake was evaluated using the 24-hour Dietary Recall (R24ec). No statistical difference was observed in the comparison between defense and attack groups, in weight, BMI and muscle mass. However, a statistical difference was observed in the percentage of fat between the attack groups (29.22 ± 8.47, n=10; p=0.0316). After the dieting intervention, there were no significant differences between the parameters for BMI, %G, %MM and SBP, of the athletes in the different positions of the team. Meanwhile there was a significant difference for diastolic pressure. The nutrition it is a factor that adds to performance in the field. The higher the body mass of fat, the lower the yield, as well as the greater the risk of cardiovascular diseases and bone fracture. Conclusion: The results taken together show the moderate risk of the players having future metabolic changes.O desempenho e o bem-estar de atletas podem ser melhorados com a modificação de sua alimentação. Através de alimentação constituída de todos os nutrientes, afim de preservar a sua composição corporal, favorecer o funcionamento das vias metabólicas associadas à modalidade desportiva. Nesse sentido, o estudo objetivou analisar indicadores antropométricos, orientar e intervir no padrão alimentar dos jogadores. A amostra foi composta por 40 atletas do sexo masculino com idade 23,79 ± 4,92 anos. Foram realizadas medidas de estatura, peso, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e percentual de gordura (%G) estimada por bioimpedância, foram aferidos as dobras cutâneas e o perímetro do braço, peitoral, cintura, abdome, quadril, coxa e panturrilha, a ingestão alimentar foi avaliada através do consumo alimentar de 24 horas. Não foi observada diferença estatística na comparação entre grupos defesa e ataque, no peso, no IMC e na massa muscular. Entretanto, foi visto diferença estatística no percentual de gordura entre os grupos ataque (29,22 ± 8,47, n=10; p=0.0316). Após a intervenção alimentar não houve diferenças significativas entre os parâmetros para IMC, %G, %MM e PAS, dos atletas nas diferentes posições da equipe. Mas houve diferença significativa para a pressão diastólica. A nutrição é um fator que contribui para o seu desempenho em campo. Sabe-se que quanto maior a massa corpórea de gordura, menor o rendimento, assim como maior o risco de doenças cardiovasculares e traumas ósseos. Os resultados tomados em conjunto revelam o risco moderado dos jogadores apresentarem alterações metabólicas futuras. ABSTRACT Nutritional status evaluation and dietary intervention in American Football players in Petrolina-PEThe performance and wad of the athletes can be improved when they change their nutrition. The diet, which consist all nutrients, can preserve body composition, supports the functioning of the metabolic pathways associated with the sporting modality. In view of the above, the present study aimed to analyze anthropometric indicators, guide and intervene in the food standard of the players. The sample consisted of 40 male athletes aged 23.79 ± 4.92 years. Measurements of height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and fat percentage (%G) estimated by bioelectrical impedance. The others measures were, the skin folds and perimeter of the arm, chest, waist, abdomen, hip, thigh and calf were measured, the food intake was evaluated using the 24-hour Dietary Recall (R24ec). No statistical difference was observed in the comparison between defense and attack groups, in weight, BMI and muscle mass. However, a statistical difference was observed in the percentage of fat between the attack groups (29.22 ± 8.47, n=10; p=0.0316). After the dieting intervention, there were no significant differences between the parameters for BMI, %G, %MM and SBP, of the athletes in the different positions of the team. Meanwhile there was a significant difference for diastolic pressure. The nutrition it is a factor that adds to performance in the field. The higher the body mass of fat, the lower the yield, as well as the greater the risk of cardiovascular diseases and bone fracture. Conclusion: The results taken together show the moderate risk of the players having future metabolic changes

Restrição calórica associada ao exercício resistido em atletas eutróficos: uma revisão sistemática

Introdução: Dietas restritivas associadas com o exercício física ainda são ferramentas utilizadas para alcançar a perda de peso, sendo essas restrições calóricas capazes de acarretar uma diminuição na ingestão energética diária em até 40%. Estudos têm sugerido que suplementações mínimas de CHO em dietas restritivas podem ajudar para praticantes de exercício físico em relação a indicadores de performance. Objetivo: Determinar a influência de dietas restritivas em praticantes eutróficos de exercícios físicos e auxiliar futuras pesquisas sob a condição de restrição energética. Materiais e métodos: Essa revisão sistemática foi elaborada por seleção de estudos através de banco de dados de pesquisa eletrônica no período de 2013 a outubro de 2018 (últimos 5 anos) usando as palavras chaves dieta restritiva, ou restrição, ou energia, treinamento de força, ou treino resistido. Foram considerados elegíveis para o estudo (n=9) em homens adultos (≥18 anos) do sexo masculino, com restrição calórica e treino de resistência ou de força. Resultados: A porcentagem de gordura corporal, diminuiu (0,7–10,0%) em todos os grupos de estudo (n=5) e a massa isenta de gordura não apresentou redução significativa (p>0,58) (59,9 vs. 58,9 kg). Os grupos (n=5) desta revisão, não apresentava gordura corporal elevada e que sofreu restrição calórica substancial (tipo de modalidade esportiva), sem novos estímulos de treinamento, consumiram menores quantidades dos principais macronutrientes. Conclusão: A restrição calórica, promoveu a redução na composição corporal, observando que as prescrições nutricionais, são muito importantes para o rendimento físico do atleta

INTERAÇÕES SOCIAIS NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR DE CRIANÇAS COM NECESSIDADES EDUCACIONAIS ESPECIAIS

O artigo se propõe a analisar como ocorrem as relações sociais de crianças com Altas Habilidades/Superdotação (AH/SD), Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAH) ou Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) no ambiente escolar, sendo produzido com base em uma pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando-se de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas aplicadas em cinco professoras do Ensino Fundamental I e II. A partir das análises, sobretudo, dos trabalhos de Cotugno (1995), Hartup (1989) e Arantes (2003), esse estudo pretende contribuir para futuras reflexões a partir dos resultados obtidos, principalmente, a respeito de como os aspectos referentes às dificuldades emocionais e comportamentais dessas crianças atuam como interferência em suas relações sociais, bem como a diferença trazida pela forma como o professor conduz e prepara suas aulas, seja de modo vertical ou horizontal. Além disso, demonstra, também, influências de questões que, em tese, estão fora do ambiente escolar, sendo nesse caso, a comunicação com a família e as interferências das medicações

COVID-19 in long-term care facilities in Brazil: serological survey in a post-outbreak setting

This cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey presents the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in a population living in 15 Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCFs), after two intra-institutional outbreaks of COVID-19 in the city of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Residents were invited to participate in the serological survey performed in June and July 2020. Sociodemographic and clinical characterization of the participants as well as the LTCF profile were recorded. Blood samples were collected, processed and serum samples were tested using the rapid One Step COVID-19 immunochromatography test to detect IgM and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2. Among 209 residents, the median of age was 81 years old, 135 (64.6%) were female and 171 (81.8%) self-referred as being white. An overall seroprevalence of 11.5% (95% CI: 7.5% – 16.6%) was found. The highest seroprevalences of 100% and 76.9% were observed in LTCFs that had experienced COVID-19 outbreaks. Most residents with positive immunochromatography tests (70.8%) referred previous contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case. Although there was a relatively low seroprevalence of COVID-19 in the total number of elderly people, this population is highly vulnerable and LTCFs are environments at higher risk for COVID-19 dissemination. A well-established test for COVID-19 policies, the adequate characterization of the level of interaction between residents and the healthcare provider team and the level of complexity of care are crucial to monitor and control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in these institutions

Immune Modulation in Primary Vaccinia virus Zoonotic Human Infections

In 2010, the WHO celebrated the 30th anniversary of the smallpox eradication. Ironically, infections caused by viruses related to smallpox are being increasingly reported worldwide, including Monkeypox, Cowpox, and Vaccinia virus (VACV). Little is known about the human immunological responses elicited during acute infections caused by orthopoxviruses. We have followed VACV zoonotic outbreaks taking place in Brazil and analyzed cellular immune responses in patients acutely infected by VACV. Results indicated that these patients show a biased immune modulation when compared to noninfected controls. Amounts of B cells are low and less activated in infected patients. Although present, T CD4+ cells are also less activated when compared to noninfected individuals, and so are monocytes/macrophages. Similar results were obtained when Balb/C mice were experimentally infected with a VACV sample isolated during the zoonotic outbreaks. Taking together, the data suggest that zoonotic VACVs modulate specific immune cell compartments during an acute infection in humans

Fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de pseudoartrose: uma revisão integrativa

Introduction: Pseudarthrosis is a complication that occurs in the process of consolidation of the fractured bone, being caused, above all, by mechanical instability, deficient vascularization and inadequate or late treatment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to discuss the risk factors that permeate this clinical scenario, in order to aim for an improvement in patient’s quality of life and prevent such situation. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review. The Health Sciences Descriptors platform (DeCS/MeSH) was used, using the descriptors “pseudoarthrosis” and “risk factors” in both Portuguese and English. Therefore, a search was carried out in the databases: Pubmed, Lilacs and Scielo. A total of 363 articles were obtained. The inclusion criteria are articles from the last 5 years that answer the research question and are in Portuguese, English or Spanish, with 14 articles being included to build this research. Results: An increase in cases of pseudarthrosis was observed when related to infections, and social determinants were relevant in the complications of cases. Comorbidities proved to be possible post-surgical complications and there was a relationship between spinal deformity in adults, pseudarthrosis and nail fracture. There were also interferences from surgical techniques and the possibility of a pseudarthrosis outcome. Conclusion: Therefore, it was possible to realize that there are several risk factors for pseudarthrosis. Faced with multifactorial causes, it is necessary to understand each patient's condition, seeking to improve quality of life, in order to mitigate factors that predispose to the development of pseudarthrosis.Introdução: A pseudoartrose é uma complicação que ocorre no processo de consolidação do osso fraturado, sendo causada, sobretudo, por instabilidade mecânica, vascularização deficiente e tratamento inadequado ou tardio. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi discutir os fatores de risco que permeiam tal cenário clínico, a fim de almejar melhora na qualidade de vida dos pacientes e prevenir tal quadro. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura. Foi utilizada a plataforma de Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS/MeSH), utilizando os descritores “pseudoartrose” e “fatores de risco” tanto na língua portuguesa, quanto na língua inglesa. Assim, foi feita uma pesquisa nas bases de dados: Pubmed, Lilacs e Scielo.Foram obtidos um total de 363 artigos. Os critérios de inclusão são os artigos dos últimos 5 anos que respondem à pergunta de pesquisa e são de língua portuguesa, inglesa ou espanhola, sendo incluídos 14 artigos para construir essa pesquisa. Resultados: Observou-se aumento dos casos de pseudoartrose quando relacionados a infecções, bem como os determinantes sociais mostraram-se relevantes nas complicações dos casos.  As comorbidades se mostraram como possíveis complicadores no pós-cirúrgico e houve relação entre deformidade da coluna vertebral em adultos, pseudoartrose e a fratura de haste. Verificou-se também, interferências das técnicas cirúrgicas e possibilidade de desfecho em pseudoartrose. Conclusão: Logo, foi possível perceber que existem diversos fatores de risco para a pseudoartrose. Diante de causas multifatoriais, é necessário entender o quadro de cada paciente, buscando melhora da qualidade de vida, a fim de mitigar fatores que predisponham ao desenvolvimento da pseudoartrose

ANÁLISE DO PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE PACIENTES INTERNADOS POR LEPTOSPIROSE NO BRASIL ENTRE 2017 A 2022

Human leptospirosis is a disease caused by a bacteria of the genus Leptospira, infection of people occurs mainly through the urine of infected animals or contaminated water, with wounds on the skin, ocular mucous membranes, oral and nasal cavities being the main entry points for the human body. In the past, it was said that this disease predominated in rural areas, but today it is known that the majority of those infected are in urban areas. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological aspects of leptospirosis in Brazil METHODS: Cross-sectional research, with a quantitative and qualitative approach, with data from January 2018 to December 2022. The selected participants were Brazilians infected by the leptospira bacteria. Data collection was done through the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), hosted at DATASUS. RESULTS: According to the data obtained, it was found that the total number of people infected by leptospirosis in these 5 years was 9,742. Of those infected in Brazil, 3,298 (34.81%) live in the southern region, 2,685 (28 .34%) live in the southeast region, 1,086 (11.46%) in the north region, 2,257 (23.82%) in the northeast region and 146 (1.54%) in the central-west region. It is also important to highlight the total number of deaths due to reported conditions, which was 580, corresponding to a fatality rate of 5,95% of infected citizens. CONCLUSION: Leptospira infection is more common in places where floods frequently occur, especially in urban locations, and transmission is increased by the lack of prevention and awareness actions among the population.A leptospirose humana é uma doença causada por uma bactéria do gênero Leptospira, a infecção de pessoas acontece principalmente através da urina de animais contagiados ou por água contaminada, sendo feridas na pele, mucosas oculares, cavidade bucal e nasal as principais portas de entrada para o corpo humano. Antigamente, dizia-se que essa doença predominava na área rural, mas sabe-se, hoje, que na área urbana é onde está a maior parte dos infectados. OBJETIVO: Descrever os aspectos epidemiológico da leptospirose no Brasil MÉTODOS: Pesquisa transversal, de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, com dados de janeiro de 2018 a dezembro de 2022. Os participantes selecionados foram brasileiros infectados pela bactéria leptospira. A coleta dos dados foi feita por meio do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS), hospedado no DATASUS. RESULTADOS: De acordo com os dados obtidos, é constatado que o número total de pessoas infectadas pela leptospirose nesses 5 anos foi de 9742. Sendo que, desses infectados no Brasil, 3.298 (34,81%) habitam na região sul, 2.685 (28,34%) habitam na região sudeste, 1.086 (11,46%)na região norte, 2.257 (23,82%) na região nordeste e 146 (1,54%) na região centro-oeste. É importante destacar também o total de óbitos por agravo notificado, que foi de 580, correspondendo a um índice de letalidade de 5,95% dos cidadãos infectados. CONCLUSÃO: A infecção pela leptospira é mais frequente em locais que frequentemente ocorrem enchentes, principalmente em localidades urbanas, e a transmissão é potencializada pela falta de ações de prevenção e conscientização da população

Clinical Study Immune Modulation in Primary Vaccinia virus Zoonotic Human Infections

In 2010, the WHO celebrated the 30th anniversary of the smallpox eradication. Ironically, infections caused by viruses related to smallpox are being increasingly reported worldwide, including Monkeypox, Cowpox, and Vaccinia virus (VACV). Little is known about the human immunological responses elicited during acute infections caused by orthopoxviruses. We have followed VACV zoonotic outbreaks taking place in Brazil and analyzed cellular immune responses in patients acutely infected by VACV. Results indicated that these patients show a biased immune modulation when compared to noninfected controls. Amounts of B cells are low and less activated in infected patients. Although present, T CD4 + cells are also less activated when compared to noninfected individuals, and so are monocytes/macrophages. Similar results were obtained when Balb/C mice were experimentally infected with a VACV sample isolated during the zoonotic outbreaks. Taking together, the data suggest that zoonotic VACVs modulate specific immune cell compartments during an acute infection in humans