Hacia una competitividad de medición turismo sostenible modelo para municipios: evidencia empírica de Brasil

This study aims to contribute to sustainable tourism destination competitiveness research by proposing a systemic model for identifying the factors that impact Brazilian municipalities’ ability to create and integrate value -added tourism products to meet the needs of local communities and visitors and maintain the tourism competitiveness. It proposes that the available destination competitiveness models can be divided into three groups: i) aggregate indices; ii) conceptual and descriptive; and iii) explanatory and predictive. Six sustainable tourism competitiveness determinant factors were formulated: Tourism Infrastructure, Information and Communication Technology Infrastructure, Education, Heritage and Culture, Socioeconomic Development and Environmental Preservation. Four dependent factors related to tourism activity success were also postulated: Tourism Flow, Jobs, Wages and Revenue. All constructs were based on secondary indicators for Brazil’s 5,565 municipalities. The theoretical model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).The Charter for Sustainable Tourism of Lanzarote, signed in 1995, is a key document in setting the sustainability commitment of tourism. Later it became a part of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism (GCET), which defines Tourism Ethics. However a question prevails: how does tourism assumes this duty? And more specifically, how does tourism assume sustainable development? Based on an assessment of 360 degrees on tourism in Cancun (tourists, residents and tourism professionals), the present study explores the perception of sustainability in this destination under the guidelines of GCET. The results show that the perception of tourism as a factor for sustainable development is not uniform among the central players, showing a better assessment by tourists, and a more critical view by the resident population and professional

The convergence challenge: an analysis of the ecosystem of free-to-air TV in Brazil

Com o crescente ritmo de inovação, característico da realidade dos negócios atuais, e a convergência de uma série de indústrias, a composição de estratégias precisa cada vez mais contar com ferramentas capazes de monitorar a troca de informações e de recursos intra e entre indústrias, percebendo eventuais adversários e possíveis aliados com antecedência e lucidez. Nesse contexto, no presente estudo apresentam-se ferramentas para analisar de forma ampla e crítica o panorama das Redes de TV no Brasil, utilizando a Análise de Ecossistema para comparar as reações dessas empresas ao avanço de tecnologias e indústrias adjacentes em dois períodos distintos: a década de 1980 e o momento atual. Dessa forma, usando as métricas baseadas nos conceitos de Iyer, Lee e Venkatraman (2006) e as métricas complementares propostas por esses autores (a Densidade Relativa, o Número de Trajetos entre Conteúdo e Consumidor e a Distância entre Distribuidor de Conteúdo e Consumidor), é desenhado e analisado o ecossistema no qual estão inseridas as redes brasileiras de TV aberta. A partir desse levantamento, admite-se que as Redes de TV brasileiras vêm perdendo sua influência não apenas dentro de sua indústria, mas também em setores correlatos, o que pode comprometer sua competitividade e sua capacidade de reagir a um mundo em constantes mudanças num futuro não muito distante.Con el creciente ritmo de innovación, característico de la realidad de los negocios en la actualidad, y la convergencia de una serie de industrias, para la composición de estrategias se necesita cada vez más disponer de herramientas capaces de controlar el intercambio de informaciones y de recursos intra y entre industrias, que también permitan detectar eventuales adversarios y posibles aliados con antelación y lucidez. En este marco, se presentan en el estudio herramientas para analizar de manera amplia y crítica el panorama de las redes de televisión en Brasil, mediante el uso del Análisis de Ecosistema para comparar las reacciones de dichas empresas al avance de tecnologías e industrias adyacentes en dos períodos distintos: la década de 1980 y el momento actual. Así, utilizando las métricas basadas en los conceptos de Iyer, Lee y Venkatraman (2006) y las métricas complementarias propuestas por los mismos autores (la densidad relativa; el número de trayectos entre contenido y consumidor; y la distancia entre distribuidor de contenido y consumidor), se determina y analiza el ecosistema en que se insertan las redes brasileñas de televisión abierta. Con base en este estudio, se admite que las redes de televisión brasileñas han perdido su influencia, no sólo en su industria, sino también en sectores correlacionados, lo que puede comprometer su competitividad y su capacidad de reacción ante un mundo en constante cambio en un futuro no muy lejano.The rising pace of innovation that is typical of current business reality and the convergence of a series of industries mean that the structure of strategies must increasingly rely on tools that are capable of monitoring information exchange and resources within and among industries, identifying eventual adversaries and possible allies clearly and in advance. Given this context, in this study the authors present tools to analyze an overview of the TV networks in Brazil, in a broad and critical manner, using Ecosystem Analysis to compare the reactions of these firms and of adjacent industries to technological progress over two different time frames: the 1980s and the present. Thus, using metrics drawn from the concepts of Iyer, Lee and Venkatraman (2006) and the complementary metrics that they proposed (Relative Density, the Number of Pathways between Content and Consumer, and Distance between Content Distributor and Consumer), the authors outline and analyze the ecosystem to which the Brazilian open-signal TV networks belong. This survey shows that the Brazilian TV networks have been losing influence not only in their own industry, but also in related sectors. This might jeopardize their competitiveness and their capacity to react to a constantly changing world in a relatively near future

A reconfiguração da indústria de entretenimento eletrônico

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Diretriz da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre Diagnóstico e Tratamento de Pacientes com Cardiomiopatia da Doença de Chagas

This guideline aimed to update the concepts and formulate the standards of conduct and scientific evidence that support them, regarding the diagnosis and treatment of the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease, with special emphasis on the rationality base that supported it.  Chagas disease in the 21st century maintains an epidemiological pattern of endemicity in 21 Latin American countries. Researchers and managers from endemic and non-endemic countries point to the need to adopt comprehensive public health policies to effectively control the interhuman transmission of T. cruzi infection, and to obtain an optimized level of care for already infected individuals, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic opportunistic opportunities.   Pathogenic and pathophysiological mechanisms of the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease were revisited after in-depth updating and the notion that necrosis and fibrosis are stimulated by tissue parasitic persistence and adverse immune reaction, as fundamental mechanisms, assisted by autonomic and microvascular disorders, was well established. Some of them have recently formed potential targets of therapies.  The natural history of the acute and chronic phases was reviewed, with enhancement for oral transmission, indeterminate form and chronic syndromes. Recent meta-analyses of observational studies have estimated the risk of evolution from acute and indeterminate forms and mortality after chronic cardiomyopathy. Therapeutic approaches applicable to individuals with Indeterminate form of Chagas disease were specifically addressed. All methods to detect structural and/or functional alterations with various cardiac imaging techniques were also reviewed, with recommendations for use in various clinical scenarios. Mortality risk stratification based on the Rassi score, with recent studies of its application, was complemented by methods that detect myocardial fibrosis.  The current methodology for etiological diagnosis and the consequent implications of trypanonomic treatment deserved a comprehensive and in-depth approach. Also the treatment of patients at risk or with heart failure, arrhythmias and thromboembolic events, based on pharmacological and complementary resources, received special attention. Additional chapters supported the conducts applicable to several special contexts, including t. cruzi/HIV co-infection, risk during surgeries, in pregnant women, in the reactivation of infection after heart transplantation, and others.     Finally, two chapters of great social significance, addressing the structuring of specialized services to care for individuals with the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease, and reviewing the concepts of severe heart disease and its medical-labor implications completed this guideline.Esta diretriz teve como objetivo principal atualizar os conceitos e formular as normas de conduta e evidências científicas que as suportam, quanto ao diagnóstico e tratamento da CDC, com especial ênfase na base de racionalidade que a embasou. A DC no século XXI mantém padrão epidemiológico de endemicidade em 21 países da América Latina. Investigadores e gestores de países endêmicos e não endêmicos indigitam a necessidade de se adotarem políticas abrangentes, de saúde pública, para controle eficaz da transmissão inter-humanos da infecção pelo T. cruzi, e obter-se nível otimizado de atendimento aos indivíduos já infectados, com foco em oportunização diagnóstica e terapêutica. Mecanismos patogênicos e fisiopatológicos da CDC foram revisitados após atualização aprofundada e ficou bem consolidada a noção de que necrose e fibrose sejam estimuladas pela persistência parasitária tissular e reação imune adversa, como mecanismos fundamentais, coadjuvados por distúrbios autonômicos e microvasculares. Alguns deles recentemente constituíram alvos potenciais de terapêuticas. A história natural das fases aguda e crônica foi revista, com realce para a transmissão oral, a forma indeterminada e as síndromes crônicas. Metanálises recentes de estudos observacionais estimaram o risco de evolução a partir das formas aguda e indeterminada e de mortalidade após instalação da cardiomiopatia crônica. Condutas terapêuticas aplicáveis aos indivíduos com a FIDC foram abordadas especificamente. Todos os métodos para detectar alterações estruturais e/ou funcionais com variadas técnicas de imageamento cardíaco também foram revisados, com recomendações de uso nos vários cenários clínicos. Estratificação de risco de mortalidade fundamentada no escore de Rassi, com estudos recentes de sua aplicação, foi complementada por métodos que detectam fibrose miocárdica. A metodologia atual para diagnóstico etiológico e as consequentes implicações do tratamento tripanossomicida mereceram enfoque abrangente e aprofundado. Também o tratamento de pacientes em risco ou com insuficiência cardíaca, arritmias e eventos tromboembólicos, baseado em recursos farmacológicos e complementares, recebeu especial atenção. Capítulos suplementares subsidiaram as condutas aplicáveis a diversos contextos especiais, entre eles o da co-infecção por T. cruzi/HIV, risco durante cirurgias, em grávidas, na reativação da infecção após transplante cardíacos, e outros.    Por fim, dois capítulos de grande significado social, abordando a estruturação de serviços especializados para atendimento aos indivíduos com a CDC, e revisando os conceitos de cardiopatia grave e suas implicações médico-trabalhistas completaram esta diretriz.&nbsp

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Protótipos de sistemas de informação: um estudo sobre a tecnologia empregada

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Towards a sustainable tourism competitiveness measurement model for municipalities: Brazilian empirical evidence

The Charter for Sustainable Tourism of Lanzarote, signed in 1995, is a key document in setting the sustainability commitment of tourism. Later it became a part of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism (GCET), which defines Tourism Ethics. However a question prevails: how does tourism assumes this duty? And more specifically, how does tourism assume sustainable development? Based on an assessment of 360 degrees on tourism in Cancun (tourists, residents and tourism professionals), the present study explores the perception of sustainability in this destination under the guidelines of GCET. The results show that the per - ception of tourism as a factor for sustainable development is not uniform among the central players, showing a better assessment by tourists, and a more critical view by the resident population and professionals

Protótipos de sistemas de informação

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Planejamento e controle de sistemas de informação em bancos comerciais privados: um estudo no Rio de Janeiro e em São Paulo

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Genetic diversity and structure in a major Brazilian annatto (Bixa orellana) germplasm bank revealed by microsatellites and phytochemical compounds

Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) is a tropical crop indigenous to the Americas, probably Amazonia. Annatto is commercially valuable in the food and cosmetics industries as a natural dye used instead of synthetic dyes. In addition, annatto contains other important substances for human health, such as geranylgeraniol, tocotrienols and other carotenoids. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of 63 accessions from the annatto germplasm bank at the Agronomic Institute (IAC), São Paulo, Brazil, using four phytochemical compounds and 16 microsatellite markers. Significant variation was observed for the phytochemical compounds, ranging from 2 to 7.31 g (100 g dry matter—DM)−1 for bixin, 2.14–7.11 g (100 g DM)−1 for lipids, 0.25–1.05 g (100 g DM)−1 for tocotrienols, and 0.49–2.61 g (100 g DM)−1 for geranylgeraniol content. A total of 73 alleles was observed in the molecular characterization with 16 microsatellite loci. We found higher expected heterozygosity than observed heterozygosity for all loci, indicating strong deficits of heterozygotes. For both molecular and phytochemical compounds, cluster and PCoA analyses tended to separate the accessions from Rondônia, northern Brazil, with only a few exceptions, from the Southwestern accessions. The same two groups were found in the Bayesian analysis with molecular data. Rondônia accessions showed higher values for all the phytochemical compounds and higher levels of genetic diversity. Some accessions presented bixin levels well above the average and are promising materials to be used in genetic improvement programs. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media B.V