MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN GURU SDN INPRES 6/80 WANGURER DALAM MENYUSUN RPP DENGAN PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF MELALUI INDIVIDUALIZED INSTRUCTION

Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah tiga siklus. Subjek penelitian adalah 7 orang guru SDN Inpres 6/80 Wangurer, Kelurahan Wangurer Timur Kecamatan Madidir Kota Bitung Sulawesi Utara pada tahun 2017/2018. Tujuan penelitian tindakan ini adalah agar guru di SDN Inpres 6/80 Wangurer, Kelurahan Wangurer Timur Kecamatan Madidir Kota Bitung Sulawesi Utara dapat meningkatkan kemampuannya dalam menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) dengan Pendekatan Pembelajaran Kooperatif. Manfaat yang diharapkan dalam penelitian ini, adalah: (1)Bagi guru memperoleh pengalaman belajar dan dapat menambah wawasan dalam menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) dengan Pendekatan Pembelajaran Kooperatif dengan benar. (2)Bagi sekolah terdapat tenaga pendidik yang professional. Hasil penelitian pada siklus I adalah kemampuan guru di SDN Inpres 6/80 Wangurer, Kelurahan Wangurer Timur Kecamatan Madidir Kota Bitung Sulawesi Utara dalam menyusun Rencana Program Pembelajaran (RPP) dengan Pendekatan Kooperatif secara keseluruhan dikategorikan masih dalam klasifikasi cukup atau belum baik, yaitu 75,81. Pada siklus II, 100% guru berhasil dengan klasifikasi baik, yaitu nilai rata–rata 90,67. Pada siklus III hasil penilaian dikategorikan klasifikasi sangat baik, yaitu 96,76. 

Criterion of Client’s Company, Public Accountant Firm, Financial Distress, and Company Growth Towards Auditor Switching

There were some factors why company switched its auditor voluntarily, that were criterion of client’s company, criterion of public accountant firm, financial distress, and company growth. Population in this study was a manufacture company’s financial report in the sector of Basic and Chemical Industry, by the amount of 65 companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of 20102015. A method used was purposive sampling that is 13 companies. The analytical tool used is logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the criterion of client’s company and company growth statistically did not give any influence towards auditor switching. Meanwhile, the criterion of public accountant firm and financial distress did give influence towards auditor switching

Coastal State Obligations in the Context of Refugees at Sea Under the European Convention on Human Rights

As early as 2004, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) created “Guidelines on the Treatment of Persons Rescued at Sea,” which followed IMO Assembly resolution A. 920(22) on the review of safety measures and procedures for the treatment of persons rescued at sea. These Guidelines are supplemented by an appendix entitled “Some comments on relevant international law” (“Comments”). It comes as no surprise that the IMO’s work in this area refers to other maritime documents such as the Law of the Sea Convention (UNCLOS), the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), and the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (SAR). Reference in the Comments to the 1951 Refugee Convention is made only briefly. In this context, the differing obligations of the flag state, the coastal state, and the ship’s master can lead to situations in which the protection awarded to refugees is less than complete, as happened in the 2001 case of the MV Tampa. The IMO Guidelines seek to prevent such a scenario by requiring flag and coastal states to “have effective arrangements in place for timely assistance to shipmasters in relieving them of persons recovered by ships at sea.” However, these rules are often unenforceable by individual claimants – unlike the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). This research project examines the question of whether such a positive obligation on the part of the coastal state also exists under the ECHR. It is the overall aim of this research project to contribute to a better understanding of the maritime application of the ECHR and of human rights obligations of state actors in the maritime sector

Coastal State Obligations in the Context of Refugees at Sea Under the European Convention on Human Rights

As early as 2004, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) created “Guidelines on the Treatment of Persons Rescued at Sea,” which followed IMO Assembly resolution A. 920(22) on the review of safety measures and procedures for the treatment of persons rescued at sea. These Guidelines are supplemented by an appendix entitled “Some comments on relevant international law” (“Comments”). It comes as no surprise that the IMO’s work in this area refers to other maritime documents such as the Law of the Sea Convention (UNCLOS), the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), and the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (SAR). Reference in the Comments to the 1951 Refugee Convention is made only briefly. In this context, the differing obligations of the flag state, the coastal state, and the ship’s master can lead to situations in which the protection awarded to refugees is less than complete, as happened in the 2001 case of the MV Tampa. The IMO Guidelines seek to prevent such a scenario by requiring flag and coastal states to “have effective arrangements in place for timely assistance to shipmasters in relieving them of persons recovered by ships at sea.” However, these rules are often unenforceable by individual claimants – unlike the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). This research project examines the question of whether such a positive obligation on the part of the coastal state also exists under the ECHR. It is the overall aim of this research project to contribute to a better understanding of the maritime application of the ECHR and of human rights obligations of state actors in the maritime sector

Efisiensi Pemasaran Tomat di Desa Tondegesan Kecamatan Kawangkoan Kabupaten Minahasa

Tomatoes are worth cultivating and developing because they have good economic value and the demand for tomatoes continues to increase along with the widespread use of tomato plants for various purposes, both for culinary and food industries. This research was conducted from May to June 2022. The research site is located in Tondegesan Village, Kawangkoan District, and Minahasa Regency. Based on the research conducted, it can be interpreted that in marketing channel I, farmers sell tomatoes to existing traders. Traders are influenced by the number of tomatoes calculated in cash units worth Rp100 and the distance between the farmer's location and the Kinali Village. Marketing or transportation costs for one cash box are between Rp1.111 and one cash box containing approximately 20 kg. The purchase price of tomatoes from producing farmers is Rp11.000 per kg and sold to consumers Rp15.000 per kg. The traders referred to in marketing channel I are traders who travel between villages. Consumers who buy tomatoes are people in Kinali Village. In marketing channel II, farmers sell tomatoes to wholesalers then process them in packaging to be ready for sale to settlement traders outside the village of Tondegesan and sell them to the city of Manado at the Berhati market. In this process, wholesalers incur quite large marketing costs in transportation costs and packaging. Marketing or transportation costs incurred by wholesalers for one cash are between Rp985 and one cash containing approximately 20 kg. The purchase price of tomatoes from producing farmers is Rp11,000 per kg and sold to switching traders is Rp13.500 per kg with a profit of Rp1.515. So the marketing margin earned by wholesalers is Rp2.500 per kg. Then the marketing or transportation costs for one cash are Rp1.116 and one cash contains approximately 20 kg. The purchase price of tomatoes from wholesalers is Rp13.500 per kg and sold to consumers Rp15000 per kg with a profit of Rp384 per kg. Thus the marketing margin obtained by the retailer is Rp1.500 per kg.