廃棄物系バイオマスとゼオライトを利用した農作物への重金属取込抑制 に関する研究

学位記番号：理工博甲24

The dynamic changes of stable isotopic ratios of carbon and nitrogen in suspended and sedimented particulate organic matter during a phytoplankton bloom

The dynamic changes of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic ratios in suspended and sedimented particulate matter were observed together with many other chemical and biological properties during a phytoplankton bloom induced by nutrient addition in a controlled ecosystem enclosure (CEE, about 70 m3) in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, Canada. Both of the stable isotopic ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in suspended particulate organic matter showed characteristic patterns of variations in surface water during the bloom. The δ13C of suspended particulate matter increased with the growth of phytoplankton population and decreased gradually after the depletion of NO3− and NO2−. The δ15N of suspended particulate matter was very low soon after the beginning of phytoplankton bloom, but the value increased rapidly with the decrease in NO3− and NO2−, and reached maximal value following nutrient depletion, after which the δ15N remained high until the end of the experiment. In order to understand such variations of δ13C and δ15N, we made the mass and isotopic balance models of carbon and nitrogen for the upper layer of the CEE, and simulated the temporal variations of δ13C and δ15N of particulate organic matter using them in connection with several hypotheses on the isotope fractionations associated with the uptake of inorganic substrates by phytoplankton. While neither change in the dissolved inorganic carbon (i.e., its isotope ratio and/or molecular CO2 concentration) nor the phytoplankton species compositions can well explain the variation of δ13C, this variation can be well simulated considering the effect of change in the specific production rate of particulate organic carbon. On the other hand, the variations of δ15N can be clearly understood by a first-order isotope fractionation model under the assumption of large isotopic fractionation during the assimilation of NO3− and NO2− by phytoplankton. The particulate organic matter produced in the nutrient controlled phytoplankton bloom can be classified into three phases from an isotopic viewpoint: (I) the early stage of the phytoplankton bloom when NO3− plus NO2− were still in excess in sea water (high δ13C but low δ15N), (II) the late stage of the bloom when NO3− plus NO2− had just been depicted (high δ13C and high δ15N) and (III) the steady state phase, a few days after the depletion of NO3− plus NO2− (low δ13C but high δ15N). The cooperative variation of δ13C and δ15N in the suspended and sedimented particulate organic matter was also demonstrated

A Case of Microscopic Polyangiitis Following Mycoplasma Infection in a Patient with MPO-ANCA Positive Pulmonary Fibrosis

ABSTRACTBackgroundMicroscopic polyangiitis is a vasculitic disease that may result in a pulmonary renal syndrome. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis is strongly associated with infection.Case SummaryWe describe a case of microscopic polyangiitis that developed in a patient with MPO-ANCA positive pulmonary fibrosis following infection with mycoplasma. A renal biopsy was undertaken following the detection of microscopic hematuria during follow-up but no abnormal findings were evident. The MPO-ANCA titer increased following infection with mycoplasma pneumonia and a second renal biopsy demonstrated crescentic glomerulonephritis. The degree of pulmonary fibrosis was unaffected.DiscussionThe present case suggests that the mycoplasma infection triggered the elevation of MPO-ANCA titer and provoked glomerulonephritis in a patient with MPO-ANCA positive IPF. This case indicates the importance of testing for MPO-ANCA at the time of initial diagnosis, performing urinalysis and examining the urine sediment during follow-up and being alert to the potential onset of vasculitis in cases of pulmonary fibrosis

Application of modified shrinking field radiation in RT-DeVIC chemoradiotherapy for treating localized extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma

　Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the recommended treatment for localized extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL). In 2009, the Japan Clinical Oncology Group first documented the safety and efficacy of a regimen involving radiotherapy (RT) plus dexamethasone, etoposide, ifosfamide, and carboplatin (DeVIC) in their phase I/II trials (JCOG0211 study). The application of this regimen has drastically improved outcomes of patients with localized ENKL. In 2013, the current guidelines were made to the cost in JCOG0211 study.　We retrospectively investigated the outcomes of three patients who received CRT for stage localized ENKL at the Kawasaki Medical School Hospital between August 2007 and March 2011. Our CRT protocol differed from that used in the JCOG0211 study as we used a different shrinking field RT method. A recent report on shrinking or extended-field RT raised questions regarding which fields are appropriate. Thus, we compared our clinical results with those of the JCOG0211 study and analyzed the effect of the differences in field size on clinical results. The median follow-up of the three patients in the present study was 9 months (range, 5-106 months), two and one of whom achieved complete and partial responses, respectively. Regarding adverse events, no severe acute side effects (e.g., mucositis) higher than Grade 4 were observed.　We reviewed cases and the JCOG0211 study which we experienced in the past about fields of the RT. The present study described our experiences with three patients receiving shrinking field RT

Eukaryotic ribosomal protein RPS25 interacts with the conserved loop region in a dicistroviral intergenic internal ribosome entry site

The intergenic region-internal ribosome entry site (IGR-IRES) of dicistroviruses binds to 40S ribosomal subunits in the absence of eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs). Although the conserved loop sequences in dicistroviral IGR-IRES elements are protected from chemical modifications in the presence of the 40S subunit, molecular components in the 40S subunit, which interacts with the loop sequences in the IRES, have not been identified. Here, a chemical crosslinking study using 4-thiouridine-labeled IGR-IRES revealed interactions of the IGR-IRES with several 40S proteins but not with the 18S rRNA. The strongest crosslinking signal was identified for ribosomal protein S25 (rpS25). rpS25 is known to be a neighbor of rpS5, which has been shown to interact with a related IGR-IRES by cryo-electron microscopy. Crosslinking analysis with site-directed mutants showed that nucleotides UU(6089–6090), which are located in the loop region in conserved domain 2b in the IRES, appear to interact with rpS25. rpS25 is specific to eukaryotes, which explains why there is no recognition of the IGR-IRES by prokaryotic ribosomes. Although the idea that the IGR-IRES element may be a relict of a primitive translation system has been postulated, our experimental data suggest that the IRES has adapted to eukaryotic ribosomal proteins

Hyperadiponectinemia enhances bone formation in mice

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is growing evidence that adiponectin, a physiologically active polypeptide secreted by adipocytes, controls not only adipose tissue but also bone metabolism. However, a role for adiponectin in bone development remains controversial.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We therefore investigated the endocrine effects of adiponectin on bone metabolism using 12-week-old male transgenic (Ad-Tg) mice with significant hyperadiponectinemia overexpressing human full-length adiponectin in the liver.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In Ad-Tg mice, the serum level of osteocalcin was significantly increased, but the levels of RANKL, osteoprotegerin, and TRAP5b were not. Bone mass was significantly greater in Ad-Tg mice with increased bone formation. In contrast, bone resorption parameters including the number of osteoclasts and eroded surface area did not differ between Ad-Tg and their littermates.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These findings demonstrate that hyperadiponectinemia enhances bone formation in mice.</p

ジカン ブンカイ ブンコウ ケイソク システム

秒のオーダで分光の強度変化が起こる現象を測定する分光計測システムを開発した.このシステムを使えば, 分光量が微弱で, かつ時間変化する(例えば熱ルミネッセンス)発光スペクトルを紫外から可視光にわたって計測することができる.A new system of spectroscopy for a time varying phenomenon in a order of second is introduced. It consists of a monochromator, an image intensifier and TV-camera system. Spectral images recorded onto video tape are processed by an image processor interfaced to an personal computer. The low intensity and time-dependent spectroscopy yield (for example, thermoluminescent spectrum) is able to be measured in the range from ultra violet to visual light by using the system