Sexual Functioning in Spanish and Portuguese Young Adults: Initial Validation of the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale

Objectives: The authors conducted an initial validation of the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) and examined the sexual function of Spanish and Portuguese young adults. Methods: Participants were 523 Spanish and 595 Portuguese heterosexual young adults who completed a background questionnaire, the ASEX, and measures of sexual sensation seeking, excitation, and inhibition. Results: The ASEX showed good reliability and validity. Participants reported good sexual function. The most prevalent difficulties in men were related to desire and orgasm, and to orgasm and satisfaction in women. Conclusions: This is a psychometrically sound instrument to assess sexual functioning in Spanish and Portuguese young adults

Achieving the reduction of disaster risk by better predicting impacts of El Niño and La Niña

Extreme phases of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) show relationships with economic damages due to disasters worldwide. Climate forecasts can predict ENSO months in advance, enabling stakeholders to take disaster risk reducing actions. An understanding of risks during ENSO extremes is key for adequate response. Here, we review the effects of ENSO on disaster risks, including droughts and floods. We show that ENSO may increase the risk of water scarcity and low crop yields globally, and change the probabilities of extreme rainfall, and coastal and river flooding. We provide recommendations on how to reduce risks using ENSO forecasts

Thermodynamic Description of the Relaxation of Two-Dimensional Euler Turbulence Using Tsallis Statistics

Euler turbulence has been experimentally observed to relax to a metaequilibrium state that does not maximize the Boltzmann entropy, but rather seems to minimize enstrophy. We show that a recent generalization of thermodynamics and statistics due to Tsallis is capable of explaining this phenomenon in a natural way. The maximization of the generalized entropy $S_{1/2}$ for this system leads to precisely the same profiles predicted by the Restricted Minimum Enstrophy theory of Huang and Driscoll. This makes possible the construction of a comprehensive thermodynamic description of Euler turbulence.Comment: 15 pages, RevTe

Estimativa do índice de área Foliar (IAF) e biomassa em pastagem no estado de Rondônia, Brasil

Medidas mensais da altura da pastagem, biomassa total, variações de biomassa viva e morta, a área específica foliar (SLA) e o Índice de Área de Folha (IAF) de fevereiro de 1999 a janeiro de 2005 na Fazenda Nossa Senhora (FNS) e em Rolim de Moura (RDM) entre Fevereiro a Março de 1999, Rondônia, Brasil. A pastagem predominante é Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich) R. D. Webster (99% na FNS e 76% em RDM), com pequenas manchas de Urochloa humidicula (Rendle). A altura média anual da grama foi de ~0,16 m. Com o pastejo, o mínimo mensal foi de 0,09 m (estação seca) e máximo de 0,3 m sem pastejo (estação úmida). O IAF, biomassa total, material morto, vivo e SLA tiveram valores médios de 2,5 m2 m-2 , 2202 kg ha-1, 2916 kg ha-1 e 19 m2 kg-1 respectivamente. A média mensal da biomassa foi 4224 kg ha-1 em 2002 e 6667 kg ha-1 em 2003. Grande variação sazonal do material vivo e morto, sendo mais alto o vivo durante a estação úmida (3229 contra 2529 kg ha-1), sendo o morto maior durante a seca (2542 contra 1894 kg ha-1). O nível de água no solo variou de -3,1 a -6,5 m durante as estações. Em médias anuais os IAF foram de 1,4 em 2000 a 2,8 em 2003 e o SLA entre 16,3 m2 kg-1 em 1999 e 20,4 m2 kg-1 em 2001. As observações do Albedo variaram de 0,18 para 0,16 em relação aos altos valores de IAF

Plasma Etching Of Polycrystalline Silicon Films Using Chlorine Based Mixtures For Fabrication Of Infrared Sensors And Mos Gates

Image sensors based on Active Pixel Sensor (APS) and fabricated employing a simple MOS technology are used in a fast growing number of applications. Large feature size is used to offer high photodetection sensitivity and low cost. This kind of sensors became very popular since the beginning of 90's. Here, for devices fabrication, plasma etching of Si with chlorine containing gas mixtures is employed which provides anisotropic etch with vertical walls, high uniformity and well controlled etch rate. ©2009IEEE.646649Makynen, A., Ruotsalainen, T., Kostarnovaara, J., (1997) Electronic Letters, 33, p. 2Sze, S.M., (1983) VLSI Technology, , McGRAWHill Internacional Editions, 2nd EditionSkotnicki, T., Jurczak, M., Martins, J., Paoli, M., Tormen, B., Pantel, R., Hernandez, C., Galvier, J., Well-controlled, selectively under-etched Si/SiGe gates for RF and high performance CMOS (2000) ST Microelectronics, , 850 rue J. Monnet, 38926 Crolles Cedex, FranceKim, T.W., Aydil, E.S., Effects of Chamber Wall Conditions on CI Concentration and Si Etch Rate Uniformity in Plasma Etching Reactors, , Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USASatoa, M., Arita, Y., (1998) Control of Etching-product-dependent Shape and Selectivity in Gate Polysilicon Reactive Ion Etching, , NTT System Electronics Laboratories, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa 243-301, JapanWolf, S., Tauber, R.N., (1986) Silicon Processing for the VLSI Era, , Process Technology. Lattice Press, CaliforniaDe Lima Monteiro, D.W., CMOS-based Integrated Wavefront Sensor (2002) DUP ScienceDe Lara, D.S., Ferreira, L.O.S., Swart, J.W., Advances in the Process and in the Methology od Emulsion Optical Masks Construction Proc. SBMICRO (2003), pp. 371-379Nunes, A.M., (2005) Corroso Por Plasma de Silicio Policristalino e Nitreto de Silcio para Tecnologias MENS e CMOS, , Tese de Mestrado, UNICAMP, Campinas - SPNunes, A.M., Plasma Etching for Polycrystalline Silicon Using Thinning Technology Application in Technologies MENS and CMOS (2007) Journal Integrated Circuits and Systems, 2, pp. 74-8