Relationship of kidney function to immunopathology in chronic serum sickness of rats

Relationship of kidney function to immunopathology in chronic serum sickness of rats. This study sought to clarify the relationship between kidney function and immunopathology in chronic serum sickness (CSS) of rats. CSS was induced by chronic intravenous immunization with bovine serum albumin. Whole kidney function was studied during the course of CSS by assays of serum and urine. Single nephron function was evaluated by micropuncture techniques. Three categories (mild, moderate, severe) ofkidney disease were identified from the analysis of kidney function in rats with CSS. Those categories represented distinct stages in the natural history of CSS nephritis. The three stages identified by measurements of function corresponded to distinct categories of kidney immunopathology. In rats with mild CSS, immune deposits were limited to the mesangium; histopathology was slight or absent. The only detectable change in protein handling was a small elevation of albumin concentration in tubule fluid. Abnormal proteinuria was a feature of moderate CSS; whole kidney glomerular filtration was not decreased despite evidence of significant immunopathology of glomeruli. Compromise of whole kidney function including decreased sodium excretion was only detected in the severe stage of CSS in association with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. The transitions from mild to moderate and moderate to severe CSS were not gradual but occurred as discrete, sudden events.Relations entre la fonction rénale et l'immunopathologie au cours de la maladie sérique chronique chez des rats. Cette étude est destinée à clarifier la relation entre la fonction rénale et l'immunopathologie au cours de la maladie sérique chronique (CSS) chez des rats. CSS était induite par immunisation chronique intra-veineuse avec de la sérum albumine bovine. La fonction rénale globale était étudiée pendant la CSS par des dosages sériques et urinaires. La fonction rénale individuelle était évaluée par des techniques de microponction. Trois catégories (bénigne, modérée, sévère) de maladies rénales ont été identifiées à partir de l'analyse de la fonction rénale chez les rats atteints de CSS. Ces catégories représentaient des stades distincts de l'histoire naturelle de la néphrite de CSS. Les trois stades identifiés par les mesures des fonctions correspondaient à des catégories distinctes d'immunopathologie rénale. Chez les rats atteints de CSS bénigne, les dépôts immuns étaient limités au mésangium; l'histopathologic était minime ou absente. La seule modification détectable de la conservation des protéines était une élévation modéré de la concentration d'albumine dans le fluide tubulaire. Une protéinurie anormale était une caractéristique de la CSS modérée; la filtration glomérulaire globale n'était pas diminuée malgré l'existence d'une immunopathologie significative des glomérules. Une altération de la fonction rénale globale comprenant une diminution de l'excrétion sodée était détectée seulement au stade sévère de CSS, en association avec une glomérulonéphrite proliférative diffuse. Les passages de la forme bénigne à la forme modérée, et de la forme modérée à la forme sévère de CSS n'étaient pas progressifs, mais survennaient de façon tranchée, brutale

The influence of cognitive-perceptual variables on patterns of change over time in rural midlife and older women\u27s healthy eating.

Although studies demonstrate that dietary interventions for healthy adults can result in beneficial dietary changes, few studies examine when and how people change in response to these interventions, particularly in rural populations. The purpose of this study was to examine patterns of change over time in healthy eating behaviors in midlife and older women in response to a one-year health-promoting intervention, and to examine what predictors (perceived benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and family support for healthy eating) influence the changes during the intervention and follow-up. Data for this secondary analysis were from the Wellness for Women community-based trial. Women (N = 225) between the ages of 50-69 in rural Nebraska, U.S.A., were recruited. A repeated-measures experimental design was used with randomization of two rural counties to intervention (tailored newsletter) or comparison (standard newsletter) groups. Eating behavior was measured by the Healthy Eating Index. The predictor variables were assessed using standard measures. Data analysis was done using latent growth curve modeling. The tailored newsletter group was successful in improving their healthy eating behavior compared to the standard newsletter group during the one-year intervention, at the end of the intervention, and during the follow-up phase. Family support at the end of the intervention was positively associated with healthy eating at the end of the intervention. Perceived barriers had the strongest impact on healthy eating behavior at all time points. Compared to participants in the standard newsletter group, those in the tailored newsletter group perceived more family support and fewer barriers for healthy eating at the end of the intervention (mediation effects). Based on these findings, both family support and perceived barriers should be central components of interventions focused on healthy eating behavior in rural midlife and older women

The influence of cognitive-perceptual variables on patterns of change over time in rural midlife and older women\u27s healthy eating

Although studies demonstrate that dietary interventions for healthy adults can result in beneficial dietary changes, few studies examine when and how people change in response to these interventions, particularly in rural populations. The purpose of this study was to examine patterns of change over time in healthy eating behaviors in midlife and older women in response to a one-year health-promoting intervention, and to examine what predictors (perceived benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and family support for healthy eating) influence the changes during the intervention and follow-up. Data for this secondary analysis were from the Wellness for Women community-based trial. Women (N ¼ 225) between the ages of 50e69 in rural Nebraska, U.S.A., were recruited. A repeated-measures experimental design was used with randomization of two rural counties to intervention (tailored newsletter) or comparison (standard newsletter) groups. Eating behavior was measured by the Healthy Eating Index. The predictor variables were assessed using standard measures. Data analysis was done using latent growth curve modeling. The tailored newsletter group was successful in improving their healthy eating behavior compared to the standard newsletter group during the one-year intervention, at the end of the intervention, and during the follow-up phase. Family support at the end of the intervention was positively associated with healthy eating at the end of the intervention. Perceived barriers had the strongest impact on healthy eating behavior at all time points. Compared to participants in the standard newsletter group, those in the tailored newsletter group perceived more family support and fewer barriers for healthy eating at the end of the intervention (mediation effects). Based on these findings, both family support and perceived barriers should be central components of interventions focused on healthy eating behavior in rural midlife and older women

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts