Occupations funéraires et domestiques du haut Moyen Âge à nos jours en périphérie d’une ancienne église paroissiale sur le site de « La Chapelle Sainte-Cécile » à Flée (Sarthe)

Le site de « La chapelle Sainte-Cécile » se situe sur le territoire de la commune de Flée, au sud-est du département de la Sarthe (fig. 1). Fig. 1 ­– Localisation et environnement du site de « La Chapelle Sainte-Cécile », données de la carte archéologique du SRA Pays de la Loire (DAO A. Guicheteau). C’est dans le cadre de la prolongation d’un travail de master, effectué en 2007-2008 sur le peuplement aux marges de la forêt de Bercé au Moyen Âge, que le site a été choisi pour faire l’objet de..

A test of positive suggestions about side effects as a way of enhancing the analgesic response to NSAIDs

Side effects are frequent in pharmacological pain management, potentially preceding analgesia and limiting drug tolerability. Discussing side effects is part of informed consent, yet can favor nocebo effects. This study aimed to test whether a positive suggestion regarding side effects, which could act as reminders of the medication having been absorbed, might favor analgesia in a clinical interaction model. Sixty-six healthy males participated in a study “to validate pupillometry as an objective measure of analgesia”. Participants were unknowingly randomized double-blind to positive vs control information about side effects embedded in a video regarding the study drugs. Sequences of moderately painful heat stimuli applied before and after treatment with diclofenac and atropine served to evaluate analgesia. Atropine was deceptively presented as a co-analgesic, but used to induce side effects. Adverse events (AE) were collected with the General Assessment of Side Effects (GASE) questionnaire prior to the second induced pain sequence. Debriefing fully informed participants regarding the purpose of the study and showed them the two videos.The combination of medication led to significant analgesia, without a between-group difference. Positive information about side effects increased the attribution of AE to the treatment compared to the control information. The total GASE score was correlated with analgesia, i.e., the more AEs reported, the stronger the analgesia. Interestingly, there was a significant between-groups difference on this correlation: the GASE score and analgesia correlated only in the positive information group. This provides evidence for a selective link between AEs and pain relief in the group who received the suggestion that AEs could be taken as a sign “that help was on the way”. During debriefing, 65% of participants said they would prefer to receive the positive message in a clinical context. Although the present results cannot be translated immediately to clinical pain conditions, they do indicate the importance of testing this type of modulation in a clinical context

Electrical behavior of golden automotive connectors under vibration tests

Print ISBN : 978-3-8007-3624-9International audienceConnector terminals, particularly in automotive applications can be prone to failure due to small amplitude movements; vibrations have been recognized as one of the main causes of these degradations. The choice of connector design and of materials is often guided by the results of "imposed displacement" sine vibration tests. Here a new experiment has been designed to measure the electrical properties of low level connectors. A four point measurement set-up is used with a dedicated acquisition system allowing high speed measurement of the voltage drop with the possibility to trigger ultra high speed acquisition when a threshold value is reached. Vibration spectra of various types can be imposed to the contact thanks to a dedicated M+P control and acquisition system. Various calibration steps are described both for the electrical measurement and for the vibration response of the system. First results on connectors with a gold finish for automotive applications are described. Their resistance is shown to be very stable for all the vibration spectra tested. Dissymmetric gold tin contacts were used in order to investigate the occurrence of significant electrical resistance variations. The aim of the study is to be able, in the future, to correlate the well known fixed sine amplitude tests to vibration ones closer to real duty conditions of use

Nouvelles données sur l’approvisionnement en céramique dans la basse et moyenne vallée de la Loire du XIIIe au XVIe s

International audienc

An investigation of fretting wear behaviour of lubricated nickel coatings for electrical contacts application

LGEP 2013 ID = 1454International audienc

An investigation of fretting wear behaviour of nickel coatings for electrical contacts application in dry and lubricated conditions

International audienceFretting remains a major cause of connector failure and can impair reliability of complex system. Much work is devoted to minimise the effects of cyclic displacements in the contact interface. One of the options is to choose proper materials for the final layer and eventually select an underlayer. Another option is to apply a lubricant compatible with the electrical function of the connecting device. Its effect must be the reduction of friction with the preservation of conduction. In this work we have investigated the properties of nickel electrodeposited on cuprous coupons submitted to an imposed sine displacement fretting test (1 Hz, 25 μm, 2.5 N). The contacts are of the sphere on plane type. The plating conditions are shown to have a large effect on the microstructure, roughness and composition of the nickel coatings. Consequently the fretting behaviours of the compared coating are different. Fretting degradation is evaluated for our application as the number of cycles for which the build-up of oxidised debris gives a value of electrical resistance superior to a threshold. During the fretting test the rough nickel with large grains is observed to be prone to very high friction and partial slip. Fretting of the smoother coating with small grains is characterised by gross slip. Contacts were lubricated with solutions of perfluorinated polyether (PFPE). It is shown that a strong friction reduction takes place and that the fretting degradation is postponed. Surface analysis shows that fluorine is grafted in the interface and protects the interface. The electrodeposition process and the properties of the nickel coating are shown to have an effect on the lubricant behaviour in the contact interface. These results show the strong potential of lubricated nickel for applications in the field of electrical devices