Prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among children aged 6–59 months in Cameroon: a multistage, stratified cluster sampling nationwide survey

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children ( 2) and obesity (BMI for age > 3). Regression analyses were performed to investigate risk factors of overweight/obesity. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 8% (1.7% for obesity alone). Boys were more affected by overweight than girls with a prevalence of 9.7% and 6.4% respectively. The highest prevalence of overweight was observed in the Grassfield area (including people living in West and North-West regions) (15.3%). Factors that were independently associated with overweight and obesity included: having overweight mother (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.51; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.97) and obese mother (aOR = 2.19; 95% CI = 155 to 3.07), compared to having normal weight mother; high birth weight (aOR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.24 to 2.28) compared to normal birth weight; male gender (aOR = 1.56; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.95); low birth rank (aOR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.72); being aged between 13-24 months (aOR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.21 to 2.66) and 25-36 months (aOR = 2.79; 95% CI 1.93 to 4.13) compared to being aged 45 to 49 months; living in the grassfield area (aOR = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.87 to 3.79) compared to living in Forest area. Muslim appeared as a protective factor (aOR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.95).compared to Christian religion. CONCLUSION: This study underlines a high prevalence of early childhood overweight with significant disparities between ecological areas of Cameroon. Risk factors of overweight included high maternal BMI, high birth weight, male gender, low birth rank, aged between 13-36 months, and living in the Grassfield area while being Muslim appeared as a protective factor. Preventive strategies should be strengthened especially in Grassfield areas and should focus on sensitization campaigns to reduce overweight and obesity in mothers and on reinforcement of measures such as surveillance of weight gain during antenatal consultation and clinical follow-up of children with high birth weight. Meanwhile, further studies including nutritional characteristics are of great interest to understand the association with religion, child age and ecological area in this age group, and will help in refining preventive strategies against childhood overweight and obesity in Cameroon

Profil Évolutif Des Accidents Vasculaires Cérébraux Hémorragiques À Yaoundé (Hôpital Général& Centre Hospitalier Et Universitaire)

Nowadays, strokes constitute a real public health problem in the world. In Cameroon, because of the people’s lifestyle potential risk factor, the prevalence of hemorrhagic strokes as well as its mortality is on the rise. This study was aimed at analyzing the evolutionary profile of hemorrhagic strokes at the General Hospital and the University Teaching Hospital in Yaoundé. A retrospective cross-sectional study with a qualitative component was carried out at the General Hospital and the University Teaching Hospital in Yaoundé for 2 months. Were included, all patients with a diagnosis of hemorrhagic strokes confirmed by CT Scan. With the help of a scale, patient data over a 30 month’s period (2013-2015) were collected. Over 1037 patients hospitalized in intensive care unit at the General Hospital and the University Teaching Hospital in Yaoundé, 122 cases of hemorrhagic strokes were diagnosed, that is a prevalence of 11.8%. The average age was 58±10.52 and the most vulnerable age range was between 50 and 70 years with 67.2%. Men were most affected (60.7%) with a sex ratio of 1.54(74 men/48 women). Among these cases of hemorrhagic strokes still hospitalized, 70 had died giving a lethality rate of 57.4%. Only the duration of hospitalization had an effect on the outcome of patients with hemorrhagic strokes. Actually the patients, victims of hemorrhagic strokes who had had less than 21 days of hospitalization, had 2.91 chances of dying as compared to those patients hospitalized for over 21 days (OR=2.91 IC 95% [5.1-65.7]; p=0.000). The late admission to reanimation, the difficulties encountered by victims of hemorrhagic strokes and their careers, to handle the enormous cost of their treatment and the insufficiencies of the technical platform, were factors also influencing the evolution of hemorrhagic strokes hospitalized in reanimation at the General Hospital and the University Teaching Hospital in Yaoundé. Despite certain efforts aimed at reducing premature mortality, the prevalence of hemorrhagic strokes was increasing in reanimation at the General Hospital and University Teaching Hospital in Yaoundé. Only multisectorial actions of sensitization, the restructuring and amelioration of the care of this ailment will help reverse the evolutionary trend

Fostering the resilience of graduate students

[EN] This paper originates from research carried out by an international team of university professors interested in protective factors promoting the resilience of graduate students, in particular regarding the student-supervisor relationship. Following a literature review on the subject, the paper presents the resilience factors affecting the student and those relating to the supervisor. The main factors that appear to promote the resilience of graduate students are individual, family and environmental protective factors (as gender, temperament, cultural background, personal history of schooling, motivation, family support, being childless, wealth of the social support network, means offered by the supervisor and the university). For the supervisor, the main protective factors appear to be individual (experience, style and role assumed towards the student, support the student’s empowerment as his/her schooling progresses). The reciprocal adjustment throughout the studies between the supervisor and the student appears essential to promote their tuning for the resilience and the success in the graduate studies.Jourdan-Ionescu, C.; Ionescu, S.; Julien-Gauthier, F.; Cantinotti, M.; Boulanger, S.; Kayiranga, D.; St-Pierre, L.... (2021). Fostering the resilience of graduate students. En 7th International Conference on Higher Education Advances (HEAd'21). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 889-897. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAd21.2021.13006OCS88989

Burnout among caregivers in the Yaounde Central Hospital, Cameroon

INTRODUCTION : le burnout ou syndrome d'épuisement professionnel des soignants est un problème de santé publique au Cameroun. Il se manifeste par un épuisement émotionnel, une dépersonnalisation et une diminution de l'accomplissement personnel du sujet. Il touche la plupart des personnels soignants et les conséquences sont nombreuses. Au Cameroun en général et à l'Hôpital Central de Yaoundé (HCY) en particulier, toutes ces dernières années, les soignants n'ont cessés d'exprimer leur mécontentement face à leurs conditions de travail à travers des grèves et menaces de divers ordres. La prise en charge des patients se fait de façon impersonnelle et on assiste à des conséquences dramatiques et des problèmes déontologiques. METHODES : notre étude transversale analytique avait pour objectif de déterminer les facteurs qui sont associés au burnout dans cette population des soignants de l'HCY. Pour ce faire, pendant un mois, nous avons administré auprès de ces soignants notre questionnaire conçu selon les modèles théoriques de Maslach et Siegrist. Nous avons pu obtenir des informations recherchées auprès de 104 personnels soignants; la saisie et l'analyse des données se sont faites avec SPSS 20. RESULTATS : les résultats montrent auprès des soignants de quatre unités de soins de l'HCY des manifestations similaires à celles trouvées dans la littérature et une prévalence du Burnout (BO) de 63% parmi ces soignants. Sept facteurs y ont été associés de façon statistiquement significative: il s'agit du pavillon d'exercice (OR= 3.93; 1.16-13.24; p-value=0.027); le statut matrimonial (OR: 2.56; 1.22 - 5.39; p-value=0,049); le ratio effort/récompenses déséquilibré (OR: 2.31; 1.10 - 4.84; p-value=0.026 ); avoir été menacé physiquement ou verbalement (OR: 3,75; 1,49 - 9,41; 0,005); le maintien de l'équilibre entre vie privée et vie professionnelle (OR: 3,41; 1,19- 10,7; p-value=0,038); la fréquence des oublis (OR: 4,25 -1,33; 7,91; p-value=0,002) l'attribution des erreurs aux conditions de travail (OR: 2,05;1,52 - 24,0; p-value=0,011). CONCLUSION : le burnout est présent au sein des populations soignantes de l'HCY et risque de s'accroitre si rien n'est fait. Des stratégies de prévention et de promotion de la santé au travail sont vivement nécessaires dans les aspects de l'amélioration des conditions de travail; les prises de bonnes décisions politique et managériales; l'amélioration des relations entre soignants et soignant-hiérarchie et la recherche constante, le suivi et contrôle des facteurs de risque.INTRODUCTION : burnout or burnout syndrome is a public health problem in Cameroon. It manifests itself by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished personal accomplishment of the subject. It affects most healthcare workers (HCW) and the consequences are numerous. In Cameroon in general, and Yaounde Central Hospital (HCY) in particular, in recent years, healthcare workers have continued to express dissatisfaction with their working conditions through strikes and threats of various kinds. The care of patients is suboptimal with sometimes dramatic consequences and ethical concerns. METHODS : our cross-sectional study aimed to determine the factors that are associated with burnout among healthcare personnel (HCW) of HCY. To do this, for one month, we administered to these HCWs our questionnaire designed according to the theoretical models of MASLACH and SIEGRIST. We were able to obtain information from 104 caregivers; data entry and analysis was done with SPSS 20. RESULTS : the results show that HCWs of four departments of HCY have similar manifestations to those found in the literature and the prevalence of burnout syndrome amon HCWs of HCY was 63%. Seven factors were statistically significantly associated with burnout syndrome among HCWs in HCY: the department (care unit) the HCW was assigned to (OR = 3.93, 1.16-13.24, p-value = 0.027); marital status (OR: 2.56, 1.22 - 5.39, p-value = 0.049); the effort-reward imbalance (OR: 2.31, 1.10 - 4.84, p-value = 0.026); having received been threatened physically or verbally (OR: 3.75, 1.49 - 9.41, 0.005); maintaining the balance between private and professional life (OR: 3.41, 1.19- 10.7, p-value = 0.038); frequency of forgetfulness (OR: 4.25 -1.33, 7.91, p-value = 0.002) and attribution of errors to working conditions (OR: 2.05, 1.52 - 24.0; -value = 0.011). CONCLUSION : burnout is common among HCWs of HCY and is likely to keep increasing if nothing is done. Prevention and promotion strategies for occupat ional health are strongly needed in aspects of improving working conditions; making good political and managerial decisions; improving relationships between caregivers and caregivers-hierarchy and constant research, monitoring and control of risk factors.http://www.panafrican-med-journal.comam2020School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH

Mother and Household characteristics among overweight, obese and thin children aged 6 to 59 months, Cameroon, 2011.

<p>Mother and Household characteristics among overweight, obese and thin children aged 6 to 59 months, Cameroon, 2011.</p

National distribution of prevalence rates of overweight and obesity among children aged 6 to 59 months, according to ecological areas, Cameroon, 2011.

<p>National distribution of prevalence rates of overweight and obesity among children aged 6 to 59 months, according to ecological areas, Cameroon, 2011.</p

Children characteristics among thin, normal weight and overweight children aged 6 to 59 months, Cameroon, 2011.

<p>Children characteristics among thin, normal weight and overweight children aged 6 to 59 months, Cameroon, 2011.</p

Univariate and multivariate analysis showing factors independently associated with overweight/obesity in children aged 6 to 59 months, Cameroon, 2011.

<p>Univariate and multivariate analysis showing factors independently associated with overweight/obesity in children aged 6 to 59 months, Cameroon, 2011.</p