Immune-endocrine responses to a futsal match

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o efeito de uma partida simulada de futsal sobre as concentrações salivares de cortisol (Cs) e imunoglobulina A (SIgA) em jogadores de elite. Amostras de saliva foram coletadas antes e após a partida e analisadas, posteriormente, pelo método de ELISA. A carga interna de treinamento foi avaliada através do método da Percepção Subjetiva de Esforço da sessão. Através da análise do tamanho do efeito (TE), foi constatado aumento grande (TE=1,07) do Cs e diminuição grande (TE=-1,36) da SIgA do momento pré para o pós-partida. Foi observada correlação significante (r=0,66) entre a carga interna de treinamento e a resposta do Cs. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que uma partida simulada de futsal pode modular a resposta imuno-endócrina. A adoção de estratégias para monitorar as respostas imuno-endócrinas, em associação a utilização de instrumentos psicométricos, pode auxiliar o planejamento e o ajuste das cargas de treinamentoThe aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a simulated futsal match on salivary cortisol (sC) and immunoglobulin A (SIgA) concentrations in 10 male elite players. Saliva sampling was conducted before and after the futsal match, and, subsequently, the samples were analyzed by ELISA. The internal training load was evaluated by means of session rating of perceived exertion method. The effect size (ES) analysis showed a large increase (ES=1.07) for Cs and a large decrease (ES=-1.36) for SIgA from pre to post-match. There was a significant correlation (r=0.66) between internal training load and Cs response. The results of the present study indicate that a simulated match can modulate immune-endocrine response. The adoption of strategies to monitor salivary responses (Cs and SIgA) associated with psychometric tools could help the planning and the adjustment of training loadsFAPESP 2008/10404-

Statement of Second Brazilian Congress of Mechanical Ventilarion : part I

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Resposta imuno-endócrina associada à partida de futsal

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o efeito de uma partida simulada de futsal sobre as concentrações salivares de cortisol (Cs) e imunoglobulina A (SIgA) em jogadores de elite. Amostras de saliva foram coletadas antes e após a partida e analisadas, posteriormente, pelo método de ELISA. A carga interna de treinamento foi avaliada através do método da Percepção Subjetiva de Esforço da sessão. Através da análise do tamanho do efeito (TE), foi constatado aumento grande (TE=1,07) do Cs e diminuição grande (TE=-1,36) da SIgA do momento pré para o pós-partida. Foi observada correlação significante (r=0,66) entre a carga interna de treinamento e a resposta do Cs. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que uma partida simulada de futsal pode modular a resposta imuno-endócrina. A adoção de estratégias para monitorar as respostas imuno-endócrinas, em associação a utilização de instrumentos psicométricos, pode auxiliar o planejamento e o ajuste das cargas de treinamento

Increment of body mass index is positively correlated with worsening of endothelium-dependent and independent changes in forearm blood flow

Obesity is associated with the impairment of endothelial function leading to the initiation of the atherosclerotic process. We have hypothesized that an increasing impairment of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell functions occurs from lean subjects to severe obese ones. Thus, the present study was carried out to investigate the grade of obesity in which endothelial dysfunction can be detected and if there is an increasing impairment of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell functions as body mass index increases. According to body mass index, subjects were allocated into five groups: Lean controls, Overweight, Obese class I, Obese class II, and Obese class III. Endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell functions were evaluated measuring forearm blood flow responses to increasing intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside using venous occlusion plethysmography. We observed that forearm blood flow was progressively impaired from lean controls to severe obese and found no significant differences between Lean controls and Overweight groups. Our data suggests that obesity class I is the first grade of obesity in which endothelial dysfunction can be detected and that body mass index positively correlates with the worsening of endothelium-dependent and independent changes in forearm blood flow

SALIVARY CORTISOL AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN A RESPONSES TO SIMULATED AND OFFICIAL JIU-JITSU MATCHES

Moreira, A, Franchini, E, Freitas, CG, Arruda, AFS, Moura, NR, Costa, EC, and Aoki, MS. Salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin A responses to simulated and official Jiu-Jitsu matches. J Strength Cond Res 26(8): 2185-2191, 2012-The aim of this study was to compare the salivary cortisol (sC) and the salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) responses to simulated and official Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) matches. Saliva samples were collected from 9 male BJJ athletes before (pre) and after (post) 2 simulated matches (SMs) and 2 official matches (OMs) performed during 2 different competitions. Salivary cortisol and sIgA concentrations (absolute concentration of sIgA [sIgA(abs)] and the secretion rate of sIgA [sIgA(rate)]) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For sC, there was an effect of condition (SM vs. OM) (p < 0.05) and a time effect (pre and post) (p < 0.05). The sC was lower during SMs as compared with that during OMs and lower at premeasurement when compared with postmeasurement. No changes were observed for sIgA measurements. In summary, both SMs and official BJJ matches can increase sC levels. Moreover, the higher sC resting levels, observed before OMs, suggest that psychological factors associated with high physical-physiological demands from official BJJ competitions maximize stress hormone responses. In addition, the present findings suggest that the acute effect of BJJ matches on mucosal immunity is minimal, and it seems unlikely that changes in cortisol play a major role in the alterations in sIgA levels in response to BJJ matches. The findings of this study suggest that the use of sC can provide valuable information for coaches regarding athletes' responses to competition. In addition, psychological strategies should be implemented before events, to improve the manner in which BJJ athletes cope with the stress inherent to official matches.FAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao PauloFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Sao Paulo State Research FoundationSao Paulo State Research Foundation) [2008/10404-3

Chronic Inflammation and Neutrophil Activation as Possible Causes of Joint Diseases in Ballet Dancers

Herein, we investigated the effects of a ballet class on the kinetic profiles of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, cytokines, complement component 3 (C3), and the concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig), IgA and IgM, in ballerinas. We also verified neutrophil death and ROS release. Blood samples were taken from 13 dancers before, immediately after, and 18 hours after a ballet class. The ballet class increased the plasma activities of CK-total (2.0-fold) immediately after class, while the activities of CK-cardiac muscle (1.0-fold) and LDH (3.0-fold) were observed to increase 18 hours after the class. Levels of the TNF-α, IL-1β, IgG, and IgA were not affected under the study conditions. The exercise was found to induce neutrophil apoptosis (6.0-fold) 18 hours after the ballet class. Additionally, immediately after the ballet class, the neutrophils from the ballerinas were found to be less responsive to PMA stimulus. Conclusion. Ballet class was found to result in inflammation in dancers. The inflammation caused by the ballet class remained for 18 hours after the exercise. These findings are important in preventing the development of chronic lesions that are commonly observed in dancers, such as those with arthritis and synovitis

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data