Anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering analyses on hierarchical structures of rubber-filler systems

The hierarchical structures of poly(styrene-ran-butadiene) (SBR) rubber/carbon black (CB) systems vulcanized with sulfur and ZnO have been clarified using anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS) near the Zn absorption edge. In the case of SBR/CB systems vulcanized with peroxide, it has been found previously that the hierarchical structures formed by CB consist of aggregates of primary particles and agglomerates of those aggregates with mass-fractal dimensions. However, to date the hierarchical structures in SBR/CB systems vulcanized with sulfur and ZnO have not been well investigated, despite being commonly used. This is because the strong scattering contrast of Zn prevents the quantitative analyses of the hierarchical structures of CB using X-ray scattering. In this study, the effects of Zn on the scattering intensity were eliminated and the structure factors of CB in SBR/CB systems were obtained using the ASAXS method. By extrapolating to the zero volume fraction of CB, the particle structure factor of the CB aggregates was estimated and it was found that the CB aggregates consist of closely packed CB primary particles. The presence of large particles of ZnO and particles of ZnS on the order of 10 nm in size is confirmed

Датчик угла поворота генераторного типа с элементом на поверхностных акустических волнах

Разработан интеллектуализированный датчик угла поворота с акустоэлектронным элементом оригинальной конструкции, выполняющим роль линии задержки.Представлено результати розробки інтелектуалізованого датчика кута повороту з елементом на поверхневих акустичних хвилях (ПАХ). Описано структурну схему сенсора генераторного типу, в якому елемент на ПАХ грає роль відповідної лінії затримки. Представлено основні характеристики датчика, показано область його застосування.·The results of intellectualized angle of rotation sensor with an element on the surface acoustic waves (SAW) development are presented. The generating type sensor block diagram, in which the element on SAW plays a role of the appropriate line of a delay is described. The sensor basic characteristics are given and the area of its application are shown

O processo da sucessão em organizações familiares na microrregião de Cornélio Procópio

Orientador: Pedro José Steiner NetoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração. Defesa: Curitiba, 16/02/2009Inclui bibliografiaÁrea de concentração: Estratégia e organizaçõe

モルモット咳喘息モデルとタキキニンの役割

取得学位 : 博士（医学）, 学位授与番号 : 医博乙第1605号 , 学位授与年月日 : 平成17年4月20日, 学位授与大学 : 金沢大

Fe-C-Si系ねずみ鋳鉄溶湯に含まれる窒素と添加アルミニウムの凝固課程での挙動に関する研究 －主に窒素に起因するガス欠陥の発生および消滅機構を中心に－

関西大

ACAT1-associated Late Endosomes Improve NPC

We previously demonstrated that macrophages exhibit endoplasmic reticulum fragmentation under cholesterol-rich conditions, which results in the generation of acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1)-associated late endosomes/lysosomes (ACAT1-LE). ACAT1-LE efficiently esterify free cholesterol in loco, even with abnormal egress of free cholesterol from late endosomes. Because impaired free cholesterol transport from late endosomes results in Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC), the induction of ACAT1-LE is a potential therapeutic intervention for NPC. To examine the effects of ACAT1-LE induction on intracellular cholesterol metabolism, we incubated bone marrow-derived macrophages possessing NPC phenotype (npc1–/–) with methyl-β-cyclodextrin-cholesterol complex (mβCD-cho), a cholesterol donor. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy revealed that mβCD-cho treatment of npc1–/– macrophages resulted in significant colocalization of signals from ACAT1 and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2, a late endosome/lysosome marker. npc1–/– macrophages contained significant amounts of free cholesterol with negligible amounts of cholesteryl ester, while wild-type macrophages possessed the same amounts of both cholesterols. mβCD-cho treatment also induced marked restoration of cholesterol esterification activity. mβCD-cho administration in neonate npc1–/– mice improved survival. These results indicate that ACAT1-LE induction in npc1–/– mice corrects impaired intracellular cholesterol metabolism and that restoring cholesterol esterification improves prognosis of npc1–/–. These data suggest that ACAT1-LE induction is a potential alternative therapeutic strategy for NPC

Profiling ascidian promoters as the primordial type of vertebrate promoter

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>CpG islands are observed in mammals and other vertebrates, generally escape DNA methylation, and tend to occur in the promoters of widely expressed genes. Another class of promoter has lower G+C and CpG contents, and is thought to be involved in the spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression. Non-vertebrate deuterostomes are reported to have a single class of promoter with high-frequency CpG dinucleotides, suggesting that this is the original type of promoter. However, the limited annotation of these genes has impeded the large-scale analysis of their promoters.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>To determine the origins of the two classes of vertebrate promoters, we chose <it>Ciona intestinalis</it>, an invertebrate that is evolutionarily close to the vertebrates, and identified its transcription start sites genome-wide using a next-generation sequencer. We indeed observed a high CpG content around the transcription start sites, but their levels in the promoters and background sequences differed much less than in mammals. The CpG-rich stretches were also fairly restricted, so they appeared more similar to mammalian CpG-poor promoters.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>From these data, we infer that CpG islands are not sufficiently ancient to be found in invertebrates. They probably appeared early in vertebrate evolution via some active mechanism and have since been maintained as part of vertebrate promoters.</p