Convergence analysis of picard-s hybrid iteration scheme for multi-valued map having a fixed point

In this paper, we define Picard-S hybrid iteration for a multi-valued mapping of T with an invariant point η along with explanation that under certain conditions, this iteration gets converged to an invariant point ζ belonging to T. However, it is essential, to note that this invariant point ζ may be different from η. In this process, several results are generalized.Publisher's Versio

ICDS in India: Policy, Design and Delivery Issues

India's excellent economic growth in the last two decades has made little impact on the nutrition levels of its children. Its main intervention, the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme, has not yet succeeded in reducing child malnutrition. The programme is reaching less than one?third of all children. ICDS also faces substantial operational challenges, such as lack of monitoring. The article discusses the flaws in the design of ICDS, and suggests practical measures to improve its implementation. It argues that the basic nature of the ICDS scheme should be changed from centre?based to outreach?based, with a focus on children under two years old. The emphasis should be on the difficult tasks of changing child?rearing practices, and the control and treatment of infectious diseases. The article argues against provision of packaged food, as this is unpopular with young children and has led to corruption

Prevalence of Eomenacanthus stramineus (Insecta, Phthiraptera, Amblycera, Menoponidae) on poultry birds (Gallus gallus F. Domesticus) of Jaunpur

A total of 1,020 poultry birds belonging to twelve different localities of Jaunpur district were surveyed during May 2006 to April 2007 to record the prevalence rate of Eomenacanthus stramineus. Prevalence of E. stramineus was noted more or less similar in both the sexes (Male – 38% and Female – 39%). Maximum birds bore very low infestation (32%) while only 7% birds exhibited very heavily infestation. Host sex, feather colour and locality had negligible effect on prevalence rate. However, prevalence rate remained slightly higher on birds with poor plumage/health. Significant positive correlation existed between mean monthly prevalence rate and mean monthly temperature as well as photoperiod. Mean monthly incidence rate were recorded higher during summer (May and June) as compared to winter months

Potentiality of Kolar Dam Water for Drinking Purposes

Kolar Dam, a major masonry dam, is located about 35 km away from Bhopal, near Lawakhari village in Sehore District. Constructed across the Kolar River, a tributary of Narmada on the right bank, the dam is about 45 m high. The maximum storage capacity is 270 Mcm. Kolar reservoir is the important sources of potable water supply for the Bhopal city. To assess its suitability for drinking purpose, the physico chemical and microbiological characteristics were studied on monthly basis.  In general almost all the parameters are within the range except coliform bacteria. Coliform bacteria were found beyond the norm prescribed for drinking water by various agencies. The analysis indicates that the water of Kolar reservoir is moderately soft with moderate alkalinity, transparent, low BOD, COD level as apparent by the study. The overall water quality of Kolar reservoir is not much affected by anthropogenic sources as it is surrounded by thick forest and less human activities are evident in this area. Therefore its water can only be used for drinking purposes but only after conventional treatment and disinfection. Keywords: Kolar Dam, Water quality, Physico chemical parameter, Drinking water

The Drug Discovery Development for Treatment of Tuberculosis

Since decades Tuberculosis (TB) has been a foremost cause of mortality and morbidity with more than one-third of the world population infected with latent TB. Recent fight with an age old disease continuously smack with a dawdling approach toward its treatment. In spite of extensive researches in this field for combating the disease we are lacking behind in race with its causing agent Microbacterium Tuberculosis. Multidrug (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis creates the worldwide open threat to human welfare. Thus there is a need of swift researches for its combat. Here in this review we are giving a brief description towards various chemical agents which have been used for its therapy and new families arrived as a potential drug candidate till date. Keywords: Tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Multidrug resistance (MDR), Extensively drug resistance (XDR), Directly Observed Treatment (DOTs), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Short-course, Nanoparticles, Drug deliver

Synthesis, characterization and biological screening of cobalt containing polymer films

1254-1258Cobalt containing copolymer films have been synthesized by copolymerisation of methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile containing different concentrations of poly cobalt methacrylate. The copolymerisation was initiated by cadmium complex of Schiff base. The synthesized copolymer films have been characterized by 1H NMR, IR and elemental analysis. Other properties such as thermal and chemical resistance, electrical conductance, adsorbity, permeability, softening range, molecular weight and biocidal effect have been studied

Anti-bacterial Properties of Transition Metal Complexes of Copper Metal Ion: A Mini Review

Bacterial infections are a major cause for impulsive deaths in human beings.Bacterial infections of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and central nervoussystem account for the majority of cases of sudden casualties. Readily availabledrugs are getting ineffective by each passing day as the mutation is veryfast in these pathogenic microbes resulting in drug resistance. The growingresistance of bacteria necessitates the development of new and effectivecompounds of desired characteristics that could bar the rapid development ofbacterial cell inside of the host body. Along with cellular resistance for clinicalantibiotics, co-bacterial infections during microbial attacks (viz. virus, fungus,protozoans etc.) also demand for some novel antibacterial drugs having highefficacy and minimal side effects on human body. These antibiotics shouldalso be compatible with remedies ongoing for core microbial infections. So,in demand of search for effective antibacterial moieties, the scope of transitionmetal complexes as drug gives a good signal against the pathogenic bacteriaby inhibiting their growth. The action of metal complexes on bacterial cellmay be due to impremiablity, enzymatic interruptions, ribosomal interactions,disturbance in the path of protein synthesis, denaturing of genetic materialsetc. inside the cell. Metals in complexes may interrupt the lipophilisity throughthe bacterial cell wall. Inclusion of metal ions in organic moieties behavingas ligand delocalize π-electrons upon the entire chelate ring and this chelationresults in overlapping of ligand orbital and partial sharing of (+)ve chargeof metal ion with donor atoms. These structural modifications in metal andorganic lone pair donor species are the supposed reasons for their enhancedantimicrobial activities against pathogenic microbes. The present reviewfocuses on the impact of recently synthesized, well characterized mono andbinuclear transition metal complexes of Cu ions that have the potential to be the drug of the decade in medicinal inorganic chemistry for treating the bacterial diseases

Not Available

Not AvailableThe production potential of four different cropping system were assessed for two successive years in field conditions during 2008-2010 at ICAR-CAZRI, Jodhpur. Among the four different cropping systems evaluated, based on their production potential, ladyfinger-tomato-melon system gave the highest total yield (117.2 t ha-1) under drip irrigation system. This system also gave the highest water use efficiency (1.73 kg m-3) while the lowest consumptive use of water (97.5 cm) was registered in ladyfinger-gladiolus-melon system. In terms of the economics, tomato-gladiolus-ladyfinger crop sequence was the most economical followed by ladyfinger-tomato-melon under both irrigation systems (check basin and drip). The ladyfinger-tomato-melon crop sequence was ranked first with respect to production and WUE, whereas it ranked second with respect to net returns. From the present study it is clear that ladyfinger-tomato-melon is the most suitable cropping system under arid ecosystem of western India.Not Availabl

Impregnation of Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles on Low-Cost Agro-Waste-Derived Biochar for Enhanced Removal of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds: Performance Evaluation and Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology

In the present study, a magnetic nanocomposite based on biochar (BC) derived from sugarcane bagasse, nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI), and chitosan (CS) was fabricated to investigate its efficacy for the removal of two widely used pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), namely aspirin (ASA) and carbamazepine (CBZ). The synthesized nanocomposite (BC-CS@nZVI) was characterized using XRD, FTIR, and FESEM-EDX. The Response Surface Methodology–Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD) model was used for the optimization of removal efficacies for both drugs using five variables, i.e., adsorbent dose (0.05–0.1 g), pH (2–10), drug concentration (20–40 ppm), time (40–80 min), and temperature (40–60 °C). Under optimized conditions of adsorbent dose: 0.075 g, pH: 2, drug concentration: 30 ppm, time: 60 min, and temperature: 50 °C, the maximum removal efficiency of ASA drug was observed to be 97.8%, while in the case of CBZ drug under similar conditions with pH 6, the maximum removal was found up to 89.32%. The isotherm models revealed that both ASA and CBZ adsorption data fit well with the Langmuir isotherm showing monolayer adsorption. The kinetics of adsorption was well explained by the pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order models in the case of ASA and CBZ, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed the feasibility of the reaction and its spontaneous and exothermic nature. The reusability and efficiency in water samples of the Ha’il region were investigated to demonstrate its potential for practical application