A Review: Polygon Filling Algorithms Using Inside-Outside Test

In computer graphics we have many polygon filling algorithms. In this paper I review scan line polygon filling algorithms using inside-outside test, boundary fill algorithm and flood fill algorithm. Scan line filling algorithm, finds an intersection of the scan line with polygon edges and inside-outside test is used to find the inside and outside region of a polygon. Boundary fill is a recursive algorithm. This paper has a review on various polygon filling algorithms

Gender Relations in Hospice Palliative Home Care for Clients with Cancer and Their Family Caregivers: A Critical Analysis

The purpose of this study was to critically examine gender relations in the sociopolitical context of hospice palliative home care for clients with cancer and their family caregivers. Using a critical feminist lens, I employed critical ethnography as a methodology to uncover taken-for-granted attitudes, beliefs, and practices that shape health and health care experiences within the culture of end-of-life at home. The study addressed the following research questions: (a) How do gender relations shape health and health care experiences within the socio-political context of hospice palliative home care for clients with cancer and their caregivers?; (b) How do gendered processes operate to produce gender relations and potential gender inequities in this context?; and (c) What are the social mechanisms and consequences that (re)produce gender (in)equities in hospice palliative home care? Purposeful sampling was used to gather information-rich data from six triads consisting of a client with cancer, his/her family caregiver and primary nurse. I employed ethnographic methods of interview, observation, and document review to gain in-depth knowledge of the patterns and dynamics of gender relations. Twenty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted with clients, family caregivers, and nurses. Observations of nine home visits by the nurse contextualized gender social relations in this setting. Program, professional, and public communication documents were analyzed to understand how institutional discourses shaped gendered attitudes, beliefs, and practices and everyday health and health care experiences in hospice palliative home care. A gender-based analysis revealed that institutional discourses influenced Gendered Expectations and Exemptions, disadvantaging both men and women in this context. Ideological gendered processes of Normalizing Gender Relations and Equalizing Gender Relations supported the everyday practices of Regulating Gender Relations. Finally, socially constructed mechanisms of Preservation/Destruction of Gender Stereotypes and Imbalance/Balance of Power (re)produced gender (in)equities. Overall, gender relations and gender inequities were considered low in priority and status within the culture of hospice palliative home care. Recommendations have been made related to policy, practice, education, and research

NUTRITIVE VALUE, ACCEPTABILITY, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND STORAGE STABILITY OF HIBISCUS ROSA SINENSIS INCORPORATED READY TO EAT POWDERS

Objectives: Hibiscus rosa sinensis possess many properties and this plant may procured at large scale for providing herbal alternative to many diseases. The study was planned to prepare value added ready to eat powders by incorporation of Hibiscus rosa sinensis. The flowers of Hibiscus were processed and dried powder was incorporated into commonly prepared ready to powders namely Chutney powder, Avalose powder and Prawn powder at a ratio of 10%, 20% and 30% respectively. Methods: Organoleptic and quantitative analysis was screened in Hibiscus incorporated ready to eat foods. Results: Evaluation of organoleptic of the formulated powders showed that the incorporation of hibiscus at 10% was highly acceptable in terms of appearance, colour, flavour, texture and taste. The increase in nutrient content on incorporation of hibiscus at 10% was found to be 3.83 kcal,16.57 kcal and 0.25 kcal of energy; 0.24g, 1.18g and 0.58g of protein; 1.85g, 1.76g and 0.33g of fat in chutney powder, prawn powder and avalose powder respectively. The minerals were also increased by incorporating hibiscus at 10% which was found to be 4 mg, 12 mg and 1.06 mg of calcium; 8.02 mg, 14 mg and 8.22 mg of phosphorous; 0.8 mg 1.35 mg and 1.65 mg of iron; 4.33 mg, 5 mg and 18 mg of potassium and 0.6 mg, 1.2 mg and 0.5 mg of vitamin C in chutney powder, prawn powder and avalose powder respectively. Avalose powder had maximum phenolic content (1.04 mg/100g) compared with chutney powder (1.57 mg/100g) and prawn powder (1.04 mg/100g) and flavanoid content is high in chutney powder (2.96 mg/100g). The ready to eat powders had good shelf life at room temperature for a period of 30 d in LDPE. Conclusion: The incorporation of hibiscus at 10% was found to improve the nutrient content like energy, protein, fat, calcium, phosphorous, potassium, iron, vitamin c and antioxidant like total phenol and flavanoid. The shelf life of ready to eat powders stored in LDPE was good for 30 d. The bacterial growth was less in LDPE packaging

Measures of Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes in Pediatric Neurosurgery: Literature Review

Background Improving value in healthcare means optimizing outcomes and minimizing costs. The emerging pay-for-performance era requires understanding of the effect of healthcare services on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Pediatric and surgical subspecialties have yet to fully integrate HRQoL measures into practice. The present study reviewed and characterized the HRQoL outcome measures across various pediatric neurosurgical diagnoses. Methods A literature review was performed by searching PubMed and Google Scholar with search terms such as “health-related quality of life” and “pediatric neurosurgery” and then including the specific pathologies for which a HRQoL instrument was found (e.g., “health-related quality of life” plus “epilepsy”). Each measurement was evaluated by content and purpose, relative strengths and weaknesses, and validity. Results We reviewed 68 reports. Epilepsy, brain tumor, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, hydrocephalus, and scoliosis were diagnoses found in reported studies that had used disease-specific HRQoL instruments. Information using general HRQoL instruments was also reported. Internal, test–retest, and/or interrater reliability varied across the instruments, as did face, content, concurrent, and/or construct validity. Few instruments were tested enough for robust reliability and validity. Significant variability was found in the usage of these instruments in clinical studies within pediatric neurosurgery. Conclusions The HRQoL instruments used in pediatric neurosurgery are currently without standardized guidelines and thus exhibit high variability in use. Clinicians should support the development and application of these methods to optimize these instruments, promote standardization of research, improve performance measures to reflect clinically modifiable and meaningful outcomes, and, ultimately, lead the national discussion in healthcare quality and patient-centered care

Online cooperative learning: exploring perspectives of preservice teachers after the pandemic

Mainly, research has explored pre-service teachers’ perspectives toward cooperative learning within face-to-face teaching. However, in a postpandemic scenario, previous research has yet to effectively explore preservice teachers’ (PSTs) perspectives toward online cooperative learning (OCL) in teacher education programs. So, recognizing the gap in the literature, this paper aims to explore the perspectives of PSTs towards OCL. The researchers employed a qualitative research design for the present study. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 PSTs who underwent OCL during the pandemic. These PSTs may possess digital proficiency, virtual collaboration abilities, flexibility in evolving educational environments, and an enhanced understanding of online cooperative learning methodologies within modern education. Researchers employed a thematic analysis to analyze the qualitative data obtained. The various themes that emerged from the study are perceived benefits of OCL, challenges to OCL, technological proficiency, learning strategies and support, and building a supportive online learning community. Future researchers may contribute to advancing effective online learning practices by gaining a deeper understanding of pre-service teachers’ perspectives towards OCL through research on a larger scale, including various teacher education programs in various countries

Marginalized People in a collection of short stories in Karkalam

Short story has a special place in today’s literary world. Short stories show the quality of life of the people in the society. Su.Venugopal is one of the best writers who tells the quality of life of the lower class people through short stories. In his Karkalam collection of short stories, he has clearly recorded the condition of the people who are oppressed and living on the margins of the society. The short story collection showcases the marginalized people like the economically backward and abandoned. Economic crises make these people very depressed. The life struggles of people in such a marginal position have been going on for generations. Although the social and economic changes caused by scientific developments are reflected in the lives of these people, the marginal life remains a series of problems

To Determine The Acute Toxicity Pesticide Of Malathion And Metabolic Activities And Respiratory Responses In Freshwater Fish Labeo Rohita

The water pollution of aquatic environment with wide array of pesticides has become a menace to the aquatic flora and fauna. The organophosphorus pesticide malathion has been widely used in agriculture for several crops such as paddy, cotton and vegetables to control serious insects and mites. These chemicals cause severe damage to aquatic ecosystem especially to fishes. The main aim and objective of present study is to evaluate the impact on protein and glycogen in fingerlings of Labeo rohita an economically important Indian major carp. The 96 hrs LC50 value of malathion for L.rohita was 9.0 ml/L. No mortality was observed below the concentration of 7.5 ml/L. The changes in biochemical parameters such as protein and glycogen are important to indicate the susceptibility of organs system to pollutants by altering their function. In the present investigation the protein and glycogen contents of muscles, gills, liver, kidney and brain of L.rohita were analysed. Fish reared in control group registered high protein and glycogen contents when compared with malathion treated groups during 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs respectively. The similar results were obtained in the oxygen consumption of L.rohita during 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs respectively It is concluded that malathion concentrations (low and high) is very toxic and causes alterations in vital organs of fish L. rohita

Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Indigenous Community in a Traditional Healthcare System

The traditional health care system is quite prevalent in the rural areas of Kanyakumari district. The present study deals with enumeration of 25 plant species from 25 families, used as traditional medicine by local indigenous community of the area. The different parts of the plants are used to cure several kinds of illnesses. The leaf is predominantly used, and is followed by roots, tubers, and rhizomes. The indigenous community prefers these plants as home remedy against fever, leucorrhoea, rheumatism, headache, indigestion, etc

MONSTER PHASE OF ACETAMINOPHEN USE IN PREGNANCY: CURRENT VISION OF AN OLD DRUG

In various countries, Acetaminophen [APAP] is the frequently used painkiller found in hundreds of medications during pregnancy. It has been broadly used for eras and health care professionals prefer acetaminophen as a choice during pregnancy for relieving pain and fever. Current research reports bothersome inclinations in the rate of acetaminophen exposure and related pregnancy outcome. The exposure of pregnant women to acetaminophen is of great concern. Existing literature evidence shows that acetaminophen exposure during pregnancy may leads to preterm birth, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, male infertility, asthma in pediatrics. Therefore, the prophylactic anticipation of acetaminophen exposure can be a far-sighted approach in order to safeguard humans and wildlife from enduring dangerous effects. This article reviews the epidemiological findings and aims to shed awareness into the second generation outcome of an old drug in pregnant women

Constrained RS coding for Low Peak to Average Power Ratio in FBMC -- OQAM Systems

Multi-carrier modulation techniques have now become a standard in many communication protocols. Filter bank based multi-carrier (FBMC) generation techniques have been discussed in the literature as a means for overcoming the shortcomings of IFFT/FFT based OFDM system. The Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is a problem faced by all multi-carrier techniques. This paper discusses the methods for reducing PAPR in a FBMC system while maintaining acceptable Bit Error Rate (BER). A new PAPR minimizing scheme called Constrained Reed Solomon (CRS) coding is proposed. The hybrid techniques using coding and companding are tested for different channel models and is found to yield promising results.Comment: 6 pages,6 Figures, Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineerin