What To Expect When You’re No Longer Expecting: How States Use Concealment and Abuse of a Corpse Statutes Against Women

Since the 1690s, women in the United States have been arrested and punished for experiencing miscarriages and stillbirths—pregnancy outcomes that are completely normal. This practice continues to the modern day, where prosecutors charge women with concealing a birth, concealing a death, or abuse of a corpse for the actions they take after experiencing pregnancy loss. This Note argues that these statutes were originally enacted to punish women who had sex outside of marriage and are now being used to control women, mostly women of color and poor women, for not adhering to society’s idealized vision of femininity and motherhood. The use of these statutes advances notions of fetal personhood and will ultimately have a chilling effect on the availability of abortion through telemedicine. The Note suggests that while repealing these laws would help, the best solution is to approach the issue through a reproductive justice lens—namely, increasing the availability of education and medical services for women

Comparison of the antioxidant activity and total phenolic, flavonoid content of aerial part of Cleome viscosa L.

Cleome viscosa L. (Capparidaceae), commonly known as “wild mustard”, is an annual, sticky herb found as common weed all over the plains of India and throughout the tropics of the world. In traditional systems of medicine the plant is reported to possess beneficial effects as an anthelmintic, antiseptic, carminative, antiscorbutic, febrifuge, and cardiac stimulant.     The aim of the present study was to evaluate to antioxidant activity of 70% methnolic extract of leaf and stem part of Cleome viscosa (CV) by using different in vitro model such as β carotene bleaching assay, reducing power and free radical scavenging activity (DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity). Total phenolic content were estimated by the Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method using gallic acid as standard and expressed as mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and total flavonoid content was estimated by aluminium chloride colourimetric method. The total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of Cleome viscosa leaves were found to be 66.38±0.82mg/g, 0.54±0.04mg/g and 77.30% respectively. Cleome viscosa leaves showed high free radical scavenging activity as evidenced by the low IC50 values in both DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) (373.18 μg/ml) and hydroxyl radical (573.55 μg/ml) methods. Cleome viscosa leaves possess high phenolic, flavonoid content and potential antioxidant activity, reducing power and free radical scavenging activity in comparison to stem

Prevalence of Eomenacanthus stramineus (Insecta, Phthiraptera, Amblycera, Menoponidae) on poultry birds (Gallus gallus F. Domesticus) of Jaunpur

A total of 1,020 poultry birds belonging to twelve different localities of Jaunpur district were surveyed during May 2006 to April 2007 to record the prevalence rate of Eomenacanthus stramineus. Prevalence of E. stramineus was noted more or less similar in both the sexes (Male – 38% and Female – 39%). Maximum birds bore very low infestation (32%) while only 7% birds exhibited very heavily infestation. Host sex, feather colour and locality had negligible effect on prevalence rate. However, prevalence rate remained slightly higher on birds with poor plumage/health. Significant positive correlation existed between mean monthly prevalence rate and mean monthly temperature as well as photoperiod. Mean monthly incidence rate were recorded higher during summer (May and June) as compared to winter months

Seasonal Pattern of Acute Myocardial Infarction in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine whether the rate of hospital admission for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) varies seasonally in a large, prospective U.S. registry.BackgroundIdentification of specific patterns in the timing of the onset of AMI is of importance because it implies that there are triggers external to the atherosclerotic plaque. Using death certificate data, most investigators have noted a seasonal pattern to the death rate from AMI. However, it is unclear whether this observation is due to variation in the prevalence of AMI or to other factors that may alter the likelihood of a fatal outcome.MethodsWe examined the seasonal mean number of cases of AMI (adjusted for the length of days in each season) that were submitted to the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI) by 138 high volume core hospitals over a 3-year period (December 21,1990 through December 20,1993) during which the number of hospitals participating in the Registry was stable. Data were analyzed using general linear modeling and analysis of variance.ResultsHigh volume core hospitals reported 83,541 cases of AMI to the Registry during the study period. Approximately 10% more such cases were entered into the Registry in winter or spring than in summer (p < 0.05). The same trends were seen in both northern and southern states, men and women, patients <70 versus ≥70 years of age and those with Q wave versus non-Q wave AMI.ConclusionsWe conclude that there is a seasonal pattern to the reporting rate of cases of AMI in the NRMI. This observation further supports the hypothesis that acute cardiovascular events may be triggered by events that are external to the atherosclerotic plaque

AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF NARINGENIN AGAINST ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF RATS

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of naringenin against antituberculosis drugs (ATDs) induced alteration in hematological parameters in rats.Methods: Rats were administered with ATDs for 8 weeks (3 days/weeks) followed by naringenin at three different doses (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) conjointly for 8 weeks (3 days/weeks) orally. After 8 weeks, animals were euthanized; blood was collected by retro-orbital sinus method for the analysis of hematological parameters.Results: The results of this study show decreased in red blood cells, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, platelets, and eosinophils along with increase in the number of lymphocytes in ATDs induced rats. Treatment with naringenin encountered ATDs induced hematological parameter alteration which was evident by significant reversal in hematological indices toward control in dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: The present study concluded that ATDs exposure caused adverse effects in various blood components and conjoint treatment of naringenin reduced hematological alterations toward control due to antioxidant activity

EFFECT OF RUTIN AGAINST HIGH-FAT DIET AND ALCOHOL-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN HEMATOLOGICAL VARIABLES OF RATS

Objectives: Alcohol abuse leads to several diseases and millions of death worldwide. High-fat diet (HFD) is major contributor of non-alcoholic liver diseases and obesity. Combined consumption of HFD and alcohol has deleterious effect on blood cells. This study was carried out to evaluate the protective effect of rutin against combined consumption of HFD and alcohol-induced hematological alterations.Methods: HFD 30% and ethanol 10% were administered for 4 weeks for induction of toxicity. Rutin (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) and 50 mg/kg dose of silymarin were administered along with HFD and alcohol for 4 weeks.Results: Combined consumption of HFD and alcohol increased mean corpuscular volume, total leukocytes count, eosinophil and monocyte, and decreased hematocrit and platelets. Administration of rutin improved hematological variables altered by HFD and alcohol consumption.Conclusion: The present study concluded that administration of rutin may alleviate HFD and alcohol-induced hematological alterations by scavenging free radicals generation

In situ observations increase the diversity records of Rocky-reef inhabiting Echinoderms along the South West Coast of India

1528-1533Diversity of Echinoderms was studied in situ in rocky reefs areas of the south west coast of India from Goa (Lat. N 15°21.071’; Long. E 073°47.069’) to Kanyakumari (Lat. N 08°06.570'; Long. E 077°18.120') via Karnataka and Kerala. The underwater visual census to assess the biodiversity was carried out by SCUBA diving. This study reveals 11 new records to Goa, 7 to Karnataka, 5 to Kerala and 7 to the west coast of Tamil Nadu. A total of 15 species representing 12 genera, 10 families, 8 orders and 5 Classes were recorded namely Holothuria atra, H. difficilis, H. leucospilota, Actinopyga mauritiana, Linckia laevigata, Temnopleurus toreumaticus, Salmacis bicolor, Echinothrix diadema, Stomopneustes variolaris, Macrophiothrix nereidina, Tropiometra carinata, Linckia multifora, Fromia milleporella and Ophiocoma scolopendrina. Among these, the last three are new records to the west coast of India. Present work also stresses the importance novel techniques to data collection on echinoderm diversity in rocky shores of west coast of India

The ion transporter Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase enables pathological B cell survival in the kidney microenvironment of lupus nephritis

The kidney is a comparatively hostile microenvironment characterized by highsodium concentrations; however, lymphocytes infiltrate and survive therein in autoimmune diseases such as lupus. The effects of sodium-lymphocyte interactions on tissue injury in autoimmune diseases and the mechanisms used by infiltrating lymphocytes to survive the highsodium environment of the kidney are not known. Here, we show that kidneyinfiltrating B cells in lupus adapt to elevated sodium concentrations and that expression of sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+-K+-ATPase) correlates with the ability of infiltrating cells to survive. Pharmacological inhibition of Na+-K+-ATPase and genetic knockout of Na+-K+-ATPase γ subunit resulted in reduced B cell infiltration into kidneys and amelioration of proteinuria. B cells in human lupus nephritis biopsies also had high expression of Na+-K+-ATPase. Our study reveals that kidney-infiltrating B cells in lupus initiate a tissue adaption program in response to sodium stress and identifies Na+-K+-ATPase as an organ-specific therapeutic target

EN-BIRTH Data Collector Training - Handbook and Manual

The EN-BIRTH study aims to validate selected newborn and maternal indicators for routine facility-based tracking of coverage and quality of care for use at district, national and global levels. The item contains the EN-BIRTH_Trainer's Manual (14 June 2017) and EN-BIRTH_Training Handbook (23 May 2017)

Clinical relevance of molecular testing methods in the diagnosis and guidance of therapy in patients with staphylococcal empyema: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundEfficient detection tools for determining staphylococcal pleural infection are critical for its eradication. The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the diagnostic utility of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) in suspected empyema cases to identify staphylococcal strains and avoid unnecessary empiric methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) therapy.MethodsFrom inception to July 24, 2021, relevant records were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The quality of studies was determined using the QUADAS-2 tool. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curve for NAAT’s diagnostic performance were evaluated using an HSROC model.ResultsEight studies comprising 424 samples evaluated NAAT accuracy for Staphylococcus aureus (SA) identification, while four studies comprising 317 samples evaluated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) identification. The pooled NAAT summary estimates for detection of both SA (sensitivity: 0.35 (95% CI 0.19–0.55), specificity: 0.95 (95% CI 0.92–0.97), PLR: 7.92 (95% CI 4.98–12.59), NLR: 0.44 (95% CI 0.14–1.46), and DOR: 24.0 (95% CI 6.59–87.61) ) and MRSA (sensitivity: 0.45 (95% CI 0.15–0.78), specificity: 0.93 (95% CI 0.89–0.95), PLR: 10.06 (95% CI 1.49–67.69), NLR: 0.69 (95% CI 0.41–1.15), and DOR: 27.18 (95% CI 2.97–248.6) ) were comparable. The I2 statistical scores for MRSA and SA identification sensitivity were 13.7% and 74.9%, respectively, indicating mild to substantial heterogeneity. PCR was frequently used among NAA tests, and its diagnostic accuracy coincided well with the overall summary estimates. A meta-regression and subgroup analysis of country, setting, study design, patient selection, and sample condition could not explain the heterogeneity (meta-regression P = 0.66, P = 0.46, P = 0.98, P = 0.68, and P = 0.79, respectively) in diagnostic effectiveness.ConclusionsOur study suggested that the diagnostic accuracy of NAA tests is currently inadequate to substitute culture as a principal screening test. NAAT could be used in conjunction with microbiological culture due to the advantage of faster results and in situations where culture tests are not doable