Autism Spectrum Disorder and Oral Healthcare: A Qualitative Study of Parents’ Perspectives in Padang City, Indonesia

Background: Children with autism spectrum disorder, particularly those with mental and behavioral impairments, are affected regarding their oral health and impact their quality of life. Furthermore, perceptions of parents are also important in assessing the planning appropriate oral healthcare. The purpose of this study was to explore parent’s perspectives regarding barriers oral healthcare, tooth brushing behavior and the recommendation strategies to improve oral health status among individual with ASD in Padang city, Indonesia.Method: A purposive sample of six parents in public autism care centre in Padang city participated in focus groups addressing barriers maintain oral healthcare. Focus groups were transcribed and coded using qualitative content analysis. Primary themes included barriers oral healthcare, toothbrushing behavior and recommendations to improve oral healthcare. Content analysis was performed using NVivo software.Result: Parents noted barriers conducted oral hygiene such as drooling, tongue thrust and hard to focus relatively. Mothers noted general improvements in awareness of control diet and have used several media to help their children understand how to brush their teeth properly. Knowledge gaps included until when parents should help children brush their teeth and special oral healthcare. They expect that in the future, the government more attention to oral health of individuals with special needs. The role of the general dentist is crucial, and they expect the dentist to be more patient when caring with patients with special needs.Conclusion: Our findings indicate a need for comprehensive educational intervention and improved communication from policy maker, dentist, public health and prevention leaders in oral health care and dental hygienists to increase oral healthcare knowledge and practice of parents with ASD to better quality of lif

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Oral Healthcare: A Qualitative Study of Parents’ Perspectives in Padang City, Indonesia

Background: Children with autism spectrum disorder, particularly those with mental and behavioral impairments, are affected regarding their oral health and impact their quality of life. Furthermore, perceptions of parents are also important in assessing the planning appropriate oral healthcare. The purpose of this study was to explore parent’s perspectives regarding barriers oral healthcare, tooth brushing behavior and the recommendation strategies to improve oral health status among individual with ASD in Padang city, Indonesia.Method: A purposive sample of six parents in public autism care centre in Padang city participated in focus groups addressing barriers maintain oral healthcare. Focus groups were transcribed and coded using qualitative content analysis. Primary themes included barriers oral healthcare, toothbrushing behavior and recommendations to improve oral healthcare. Content analysis was performed using NVivo software.Result: Parents noted barriers conducted oral hygiene such as drooling, tongue thrust and hard to focus relatively. Mothers noted general improvements in awareness of control diet and have used several media to help their children understand how to brush their teeth properly. Knowledge gaps included until when parents should help children brush their teeth and special oral healthcare. They expect that in the future, the government more attention to oral health of individuals with special needs. The role of the general dentist is crucial, and they expect the dentist to be more patient when caring with patients with special needs.Conclusion: Our findings indicate a need for comprehensive educational intervention and improved communication from policy maker, dentist, public health and prevention leaders in oral health care and dental hygienists to increase oral healthcare knowledge and practice of parents with ASD to better quality of lif

Peningkatan Pengetahuan KESGILUT pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus melalui Aplikasi Teledentistry

The parents of special needs children (SNC) problem in West Sumatra is the poor oral health of SNC, due to a lack of oral and dental health maintenance knowledge. The teledentistry application “SpecialSmile” is the solution offered. The aim is to improve oral health knowledge remotely. The method is carried out by preparing educational content in scientific articles or audiovisuals form. Program evaluation was collected by filling out a questionnaire containing 10 questions about oral health knowledge, before and after using this application. Data analysis was done descriptively. The results obtained from 49 users, before using the application only 22.95% of parents had good knowledge and after using the application there was an increase of 80.33% of parents who had good knowledge regarding oral health maintenance among SNC. This program concludes that remote education using the SpecialSmile application can increase the knowledge of ABK parents about maintaining SNC's oral healt

The Effectiveness of Education Using Virtual Reality Video Media on Oral Health Knowledge in Elementary School Students 10 Sungai Sapih, Padang City

  Introduction: Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that creates a simulated version of the real world. In recent years, VR has been increasingly utilized as a tool in education due to its potential to enhance the learning experience. One of the factors that causes oral health problems is the low level of knowledge of individual children. Objectives: this study aims to determine the effectiveness of education using virtual reality video media on dental and oral health knowledge in students of SDN 10 Sungai Sapih, Padang. Method: This is quasi-experimental research with a one-group pre-test post-test design. Convenience sampling was used to select 40 participants who met the inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis to determine the effectiveness of the use of VR media in increasing dental health knowledge using the Wilcoxon non-parametric test. Results: The study found that the average student knowledge score increased from 11.30 to 13.20 after using VR media for education. The Wilcoxon test results indicate a significant difference before and after the VR media intervention, with a p value of 0.000 (<0.05).  Conclusion: The study concludes that the use of virtual reality video media in education is effective in improving oral health knowledge among students of SDN 10 Sungai Sapih, Padang City. VR media is very innovative to be implemented in the classroom, however it requires readiness from teachers and schools to support the success of the media

Efektivitas Topikal Aplikasi Dadih terhadap Inflamasi Gingiva

Dadih adalah produk fermentasi susu kerbau dengan menggunakan bambu dan merupakan makanan khas Sumatera Barat. Dadih mengandung Lactobacillus casei yang merupakan probiotik yang memiliki kemampuan untuk menghambat perlekatan bakteri patogen, merusak reseptor toksin dan menghancurkan toksin. Kandungan antioksidan dan probiotik tersebut mampu mengatasi peradangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas topikal aplikasi dadih pada inflamasi gingiva. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan menggunakan hewan uji tikus wistar. Tiga puluh tiga tikus galur Wistar yang mengalami inflamasi gingiva setelah diinduksi secara traumatik dibagi dalam tiga kelompok. Kelompok 1 diberi perlakuan aplikasi dadih topikal, kelompok 2 kontrol positif dengan aplikasi Kenalog dan kelompok 3 kontrol negatif dengan menggunakan plasebo. Perubahan klinis dievaluasi dengan indeks gingiva Loe dan Silness dengan mengamati penyembuhan inflamasi gingiva selama sebelas hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah gingiva hewan uji yang sembuh pada kelompok topikal aplikasi dadih (8 ekor), kontrol positif (8 ekor) dan kontrol negatif (3 ekor). Hasil uji Kruskal Wallis (p 0,04) secara signifikan menunjukkan adanya perbedaan efektivitas dari ketiga kelompok tersebut dan analisis post hoc dengan uji Mann Whitney (p 1,00) menunjukkan efektivitas yang sama pada kelompok topikal aplikasi dadih dan kontrol positif. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa topikal aplikasi dadih memiliki efek signifikan dalam penyembuhan inflamasi gingiva yang setara dengan kontrol positif

The COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare workers psychological well-being: a cross-sectional survey in Indonesia

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the relationships amongst psychological well-being (PWB), emotional intelligence and coping strategies. Design: This study employed a cross-sectional survey design. Method: A total of 146 healthcare workers (HCWs) were enrolled in this study. They were asked to finish several questionnaires, including the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Brief-Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Scale and the PWB Scale. The obtained data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling, employee SmartPLS, to estimate the contributions of influencing factors and evaluate the moderating effect of coping strategy (CS) on the relationship between emotional intelligence and PWB. Results: Results revealed that emotional intelligence influenced PWB, and CS moderated both emotional intelligence and PWB. Furthermore, CS plays an essential role in improving PWB related to emotional intelligence amongst HCWs during the COVID-19 outbreak

The Association between Parenting Stress, Positive Reappraisal Coping, and Quality of Life in Parents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Children: A Systematic Review

Parents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children generally suffer from poor coping and an impaired quality of life (QoL). This systematic review investigates parenting stress, positive reappraisal coping, and QoL in parents with ASD children. A literature search was carried out for publications written in English on the selected investigation topics using five databases, namely, Scopus, PubMed, Wiley, ScienceDirect Online, and EBSCO. Only studies investigating or measuring parenting stress, positive reappraisal coping, and QoL in ASD were included. Our results indicate that parents with ASD children have high stress levels. This is associated with the ineffective use of coping strategies and a low QoL. Adaptive coping strategies are related to a higher QoL, whereas maladaptive coping techniques are related to a worse QoL. Positive reappraisal coping is negatively correlated to meaningfulness, and it is used by parents to change their daily routines in order to motivate themselves towards new and evolving goals in life. Finally, we found a significant negative correlation between parenting stress, positive reappraisal coping, and the QoL of parents with ASD children. Positive reappraisal coping as a strategy helps parents adapt to stress and was found to be a potential mediatory function between parental stress and Qo

The Clinical Oral Health Status Studies of Individuals with Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Indonesia: Mixed-method Research

[[abstract]]Both individuals with intellectual disability and Autism disorder have cognitive defects.The lack of normal cognitive function makes them unable to brush their teeth properly.Therefore, they have poor oral hygiene such as caries, periodontal disease and as a consequenceof high dental treatment needs.We conducted three research topics in the dissertation project. The first was carried out asystematic review and meta-analysis of the worldwide literature regarding the differences in oralhealth status between children with intellectual disability and healthy children. The second wasexamined the oral health status, dental treatment needs and tooth brushing behavior amongchildren with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. The third was explored theinfluencing factors of tooth brushing behavior by qualitative research methods, and therecommended strategies to improve oral health status among individuals with intellectualdisability and autism spectrum disorders.The systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to PRISMA rule andmeta-analysis using RevMan software. The clinical oral health status investigated in 65 subjectswith intellectual disability who live in the institution of West Sumatra, and 114 people withautism spectrum disorders who attend community-based school. The clinical oral examinationrecorded by Decay Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT), Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHIS),the Community Periodontal Index and Treatment Needs (CPITN), and Angle’s MalocclusionClassification according to 2013 WHO standard. We interviewed the caregivers/ parents andinvestigated the question behind the oral health status by qualitative research method andverified the recommendable strategies for improving oral health status among them.Individual with special needs care had higher levels of caries index, dental plaque, worsegingival status, and malocclusion. These findings were supported by qualitative analysis. The meta-analysis suggested that children with special needs care and ASD subgroup had fewerdecayed and filled permanent teeth, but children with ID subgroup had higher decayed and filledpermanent teeth (p<0.0001).The clinical oral assessments showed the majority of the IID subjects have goodtoothbrushing behavior (poor quality brushing skill), high dental treatment needs, poor oralhygiene, most malocclusion were class II Angle’s classification, several participants hadbleeding on probing (BOP), calculus and high caries rates with mean DMFT values were 5.17 ±3.31. Multivariate analysis showed caries status among IID subjects were 91.3% influenced bythe direct effect of oral health conditions, the indirect effect of personal characteristics andtoothbrushing.The clinical oral investigation indicated the majority of ASD groups were goodtoothbrushing behavior (brushing not properly), high dental treatment needs, worse oralhygiene, most individuals with ASD had normal occlusion, lower periodontal conditions withcalculus and periodontal pocket 4-5mm and DMFT index mean was 4.08 ± 2.99. The SEManalysis showed caries status among ASD participants were 77.6% influenced by the directeffect of oral health conditions, the indirect effect of personal characteristics and toothbrushing.Overall, the lower oral health status among individuals with special needs due tomultifactorial such as the personal characteristics (severity of disorder), oral/hand motoriclimitation, the lack of attention (hard to focus), behavior problems (particularly aggressivebehavior among ASD children), 1:13 imbalance ratio of caregivers and children (especially inIID group), oral biological factors, dietary intake, oral health parents/caregivers awareness, oralhealth education of parents/caregivers, financial problems and dentist roles (admissionprocedures and patience).The government and related professionals are expected to more care through oral healtheducation and practice program for individuals with special needs sustainably. Additionally, the existence of special needs dentist specialty in Indonesia very needed[[abstract]]Both individuals with intellectual disability and Autism disorder have cognitive defects.The lack of normal cognitive function makes them unable to brush their teeth properly.Therefore, they have poor oral hygiene such as caries, periodontal disease and as a consequenceof high dental treatment needs.We conducted three research topics in the dissertation project. The first was carried out asystematic review and meta-analysis of the worldwide literature regarding the differences in oralhealth status between children with intellectual disability and healthy children. The second wasexamined the oral health status, dental treatment needs and tooth brushing behavior amongchildren with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. The third was explored theinfluencing factors of tooth brushing behavior by qualitative research methods, and therecommended strategies to improve oral health status among individuals with intellectualdisability and autism spectrum disorders.The systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to PRISMA rule andmeta-analysis using RevMan software. The clinical oral health status investigated in 65 subjectswith intellectual disability who live in the institution of West Sumatra, and 114 people withautism spectrum disorders who attend community-based school. The clinical oral examinationrecorded by Decay Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT), Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHIS),the Community Periodontal Index and Treatment Needs (CPITN), and Angle’s MalocclusionClassification according to 2013 WHO standard. We interviewed the caregivers/ parents andinvestigated the question behind the oral health status by qualitative research method andverified the recommendable strategies for improving oral health status among them.Individual with special needs care had higher levels of caries index, dental plaque, worsegingival status, and malocclusion. These findings were supported by qualitative analysis. The meta-analysis suggested that children with special needs care and ASD subgroup had fewerdecayed and filled permanent teeth, but children with ID subgroup had higher decayed and filledpermanent teeth (p<0.0001).The clinical oral assessments showed the majority of the IID subjects have goodtoothbrushing behavior (poor quality brushing skill), high dental treatment needs, poor oralhygiene, most malocclusion were class II Angle’s classification, several participants hadbleeding on probing (BOP), calculus and high caries rates with mean DMFT values were 5.17 ±3.31. Multivariate analysis showed caries status among IID subjects were 91.3% influenced bythe direct effect of oral health conditions, the indirect effect of personal characteristics andtoothbrushing.The clinical oral investigation indicated the majority of ASD groups were goodtoothbrushing behavior (brushing not properly), high dental treatment needs, worse oralhygiene, most individuals with ASD had normal occlusion, lower periodontal conditions withcalculus and periodontal pocket 4-5mm and DMFT index mean was 4.08 ± 2.99. The SEManalysis showed caries status among ASD participants were 77.6% influenced by the directeffect of oral health conditions, the indirect effect of personal characteristics and toothbrushing.Overall, the lower oral health status among individuals with special needs due tomultifactorial such as the personal characteristics (severity of disorder), oral/hand motoriclimitation, the lack of attention (hard to focus), behavior problems (particularly aggressivebehavior among ASD children), 1:13 imbalance ratio of caregivers and children (especially inIID group), oral biological factors, dietary intake, oral health parents/caregivers awareness, oralhealth education of parents/caregivers, financial problems and dentist roles (admissionprocedures and patience).The government and related professionals are expected to more care through oral healtheducation and practice program for individuals with special needs sustainably. Additionally, the existence of special needs dentist specialty in Indonesia very neede

ANALISIS TINGKAT KEPATUHAN PENGGUNAAN ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI (APD) DI RUMAH SAKIT GIGI DAN MULUT PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA (RSGMP UMY)

Background: The practice of dentistry vulnerable to the dangers of nosocomial infections that can be transmitted through blood, tissue and fluid secretion. Enhanced prevention efforts to anticipate hazards, one of which with the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The use of PPE still need special attention because of the many studies that suggest that its use is still low compliance rate. Objective: This study aimed to measure the level of compliance of use PPE student clinic and identify factors that affect student compliance in the clinical use of PPE in Dental Education Hospital, Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta (DEH MUY). Methods: This study is a type of mixed method research with sequential explanatory design. The data collected through direct observation, surveys and focus group discussion (FGD). Subjects were 72 observations and student surveys clinic, subjects FDG is adherent group (7 student clinic) and the non-adherent group (6 student clinic). Observation and survey data were analyzed statistically with the Fisher exact test, and then elaborated with the results of the analysis of the FGD. Results: The analysis showed feedback, media promotion, availability of facilities, role model, patient involvement, knowledge and attitudes related to compliance with PPE use. Variables that showed a positive relationship to adherence is the use of PPE feedback, media promotion, availability of facilities, role model and knowledge, while the involvement of patients and attitudes related to the use of PPE has a negative relationship. The factors that most contribute in a positive way is a role model that has a chance of 25 times in an effort to improve compliance with PPE use. Conclusion: The level of compliance in the student clinic in DEH MUY high in the use of PPE compliance. Nevertheless it needs to be evaluated on an ongoing basis as a quality improvement efforts in the prevention and control of nosocomial infections

Beneficial Biological Activities of Cinnamomum osmophloeum and Its Potential Use in the Alleviation of Oral Mucositis: A Systematic Review

The aim of this review was to provide an updated overview of studies on the medical-biological activities of Cinnamomum osmophloeum (C. osmophloeum) in vitro and in vivo and the potential therapeutic use of natural agents prepared from this plant for the alleviation of oral mucositis (OM). Reported articles were collected using web search engine tools. The systematic review was organized according to the preferred reporting items for reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Additional sources were identified through cross-referencing to identify the potential use of C. osmophloeum in the alleviation of OM. The results disclosed that C. osmophloeum is comprised of bioactive ingredients that could act diversely as a reagent in anti-inflammation, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, antidyslipidemia, anti-cancer, renal disease therapy and anti-hyperuricemia capacities. Recent studies revealed that the overall effects on anti-inflammation, wound repair, and the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of its constituents would act as a potential remedy for oral mucositis. Up-to-date in vitro and in vivo studies on the medical-biological activities of C. osmophloeum suggested that C. osmophloeum and its constituents could be promising remedies as adjuvants in OM therapy and warrant further investigation