Standardization of Cassia spectabilis DC leaves and antimalarial activities of ethyl acetate extract

One of the Indonesian medicinal plants, Cassia spectabilis is traditionally used to treat several diseases, including malaria. The quality of raw materials influences the quality of drug derived from a plant. Standardizing the raw materials followed by the antimalarial activity test are needed to azure the quality of product prepared from plants. The aim of this study was to standardize the quality of C. spectabilis leaves and to evaluate the antimalarial activities of ethyl acetate extract. The fresh material of C. spectabilis leaves was observed in its specific and non-specific parameters. In vitro test was done by using Plasmodium falciparum 3D7. In vivo test was done using a 4-day suppressive test method against mice infected with P. berghei for four consecutive days. Heme detoxification inhibitory activity test was carried out using the modified Basilico method. The leaves of C. spectabilis meet the quality requirement for raw materials of traditional medicine. The ethyl acetate extract showed in vitro antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum 3D7 and in vivo antimalarial activity against P. berghei infection with an IC50 value of 27.28 μg/mL and ED50 value of 1.74 mg/kg, respectively. The extract also showed heme detoxification inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.33±0.01 mg/mL. The leaves of C. spectabilis meet the quality requirement, and the ethyl acetate extract from standardized C. spectabilis leaves possessed a potential antimalarial activity that deserves to be further developed

Aktivitas Penghambatan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Cassia Spectabilis Terhadap Pertumbuhan Plasmodium falciparum dan Plasmodium berghei

Background: Antimalarial screening against nine species of the genus Cassia showed that the methanol extract of leaves Cassia spectabilis have the highest activity. Since it will be used as a traditional medicine, hence it is needed further studies of antimalarial activity of these plants by choosing a safer solvent, namely ethanol. Objective: In vitro anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum was conducted using the method of Trager and Jensen. Methods: The serial solution tested were: 100, 10, 1, 0.1 and 0.01 µg/ mL, while the in vivo test was performed based on Peter’s test (The days suppressive test) that using P. berghei (strain ANKA) infected mice. Results: The results showed that ethanolic extract of C. spectabilis leaves has inhibitory activity against P. falciparum with IC50 value of 12.52 µg/ mL and against P. berghei with ED50 value of 131.5 mg/kg body weight. Conclusions: A further study to see the potential of ethanol extract from C. Spectabilis leaves as anti-malaria is warranted

Standardization of Cassia spectabilis DC leaves and antimalarial activities of ethyl acetate extract

Cassia spectabilis is one of the Indonesian medicinal plants traditionally used to treat different diseases, including malaria. Quality of a drug derived from plants is also influenced by the quality of its raw materials. Thus, in order to assure the quality of products made from plants, it is necessary to standardize the raw materials and following with the antimalarial activity test. The aim of this study was to standardize the quality of C. spectabilis leaves and to evaluate its antimalarial activities of ethyl acetate extract. The fresh material of C. spectabilis leaves were observed its specific and non-specific parameters. In vitro test was done by using Plasmodium falciparum 3D7. In vivo test was done using 4-day suppressive test method against mice infected with P. berghei for four consecutive days. Heme detoxification inhibitory activity test was carried out using the modified Basilico method. The leaves of C. spectabilis meet the quality requirement for raw material of traditional medicine. The ethyl acetate extract showed in vitro antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum 3D7 and in vivo antimalarial activity against P. berghei infection with IC50 value of 27.28 μg/mL and ED50 value of 1.74 mg/kg, respectively. The extract also showed heme detoxification inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.33±0.01 mg/mL. The leaves of C. spectabilis leaves meet the quality requirement and the ethyl acetate extract from standardized C. spectabilis leaves possessed a potential an antimalarial activity which deserves to be further developed

Antimalarial Activity of Multiple Dose on Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice and Heme Detoxification Inhibitory Activity of Helianthus annuus L. Leaf Extract

Abstract Antimalarial Activity of Multiple Dose on Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice and Heme Detoxification Inhibitory Activity of Helianthus annuus L. Leaf Extract

Antimalarial Activity of Multiple Dose on Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice and Heme Detoxification Inhibitory Activity of Helianthus annuus L. Leaf Extract

Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) is traditionally used to treat malaria. Crude extracts of the plant leaves are found to be active against Plasmodium falciparum in in vitro antimalarial activity assay. In the present study, we aimed to investigate in vivo antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei in mice and heme detoxification inhibitory activity of 80% ethanol extract of H. annuus leaves. In vivo antimalarial activity was carried out using the Peters’ 4-day suppressive test against P. berghei in BALB/c mice. Animals were treated orally twice a day for 4 days with 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg of 80% ethanol extracts, respectively. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine was used as a positive control. Heme detoxification inhibitory activity was carried out by using the method of Basilico which had been modified and the absorbance was read by ELISA reader at a wavelength of 405 nm. Chloroquine was used as a positive control. The results showed that inhibition of in vivo antimalarial activity against P. berghei in mice increased along with the increasing dose. In repeated dose, ED50 was found to be 1.489 mg/kg. Heme detoxification inhibitory activity results showed that IC50 values for 80% ethanol extract and positive control were 0.690 and 0.688 mg/mL, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between 80% ethanol extract and positive control (p>0.05). The results showed that 80% ethanol extract of H. annuus L. leaf administered twice a day gives a strong activity both as an antimalarial in vivo and heme detoxification inhibitory

Aktivitas Penghambatan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Cassia Spectabilis Terhadap Pertumbuhan Plasmodium falciparum dan Plasmodium berghei

Background: Antimalarial screening against nine species of the genus Cassia showed that the methanol extract of leaves Cassia spectabilis have the highest activity. Since it will be used as a traditional medicine, hence it is needed further studies of antimalarial activity of these plants by choosing a safer solvent, namely ethanol. Objective: In vitro anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum was conducted using the method of Trager and Jensen. Methods: The serial solution tested were: 100, 10, 1, 0.1 and 0.01 µg/ mL, while the in vivo test was performed based on Peter’s test (The days suppressive test) that using P. berghei (strain ANKA) infected mice. Results: The results showed that ethanolic extract of C. spectabilis leaves has inhibitory activity against P. falciparum with IC50 value of 12.52 µg/ mL and against P. berghei with ED50 value of 131.5 mg/kg body weight. Conclusions: A further study to see the potential of ethanol extract from C. Spectabilis leaves as anti-malaria is warranted