Алкогольная зависимость у женщин с асоциальным поведением

АСОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕЖЕНСКИЙ АЛКОГОЛИЗМАЛКОГОЛЬНАЯ ЗАВИСИМОСТЬПредставлено систематизированное описание клинических проявлений и диагностических критериев алкогольной зависимости у женщин. Рассматриваются клинические и патопсихологические закономерности развития изменений личности у женщин с алкогольной зависимостью. Даны рекомендации по применению организационных и терапевтических методов, а также профилактики алкогольной зависимости у женщин с асоциальным поведением

Characterisation of CART-containing neurons and cells in the porcine pancreas, gastro-intestinal tract, adrenal and thyroid glands

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The peptide CART is widely expressed in central and peripheral neurons, as well as in endocrine cells. Known peripheral sites of expression include the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the pancreas, and the adrenal glands. In rodent pancreas CART is expressed both in islet endocrine cells and in nerve fibers, some of which innervate the islets. Recent data show that CART is a regulator of islet hormone secretion, and that CART null mutant mice have islet dysfunction. CART also effects GI motility, mainly via central routes. In addition, CART participates in the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal-axis. We investigated CART expression in porcine pancreas, GI-tract, adrenal glands, and thyroid gland using immunocytochemistry.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>CART immunoreactive (IR) nerve cell bodies and fibers were numerous in pancreatic and enteric ganglia. The majority of these were also VIP IR. The finding of intrinsic CART containing neurons indicates that pancreatic and GI CART IR nerve fibers have an intrinsic origin. No CART IR endocrine cells were detected in the pancreas or in the GI tract. The adrenal medulla harboured numerous CART IR endocrine cells, most of which were adrenaline producing. In addition CART IR fibers were frequently seen in the adrenal cortex and capsule. The capsule also contained CART IR nerve cell bodies. The majority of the adrenal CART IR neuronal elements were also VIP IR. CART IR was also seen in a substantial proportion of the C-cells in the thyroid gland. The majority of these cells were also somatostatin IR, and/or 5-HT IR, and/or VIP IR.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>CART is a major neuropeptide in intrinsic neurons of the porcine GI-tract and pancreas, a major constituent of adrenaline producing adrenomedullary cells, and a novel peptide of the thyroid C-cells. CART is suggested to be a regulatory peptide in the porcine pancreas, GI-tract, adrenal gland and thyroid.</p

An updated genetic model for metamorphosed and deformed, c. 1.89 Ga magnesian Zn-Pb-Ag skarn deposits, Sala area, Bergslagen, Sweden

This contribution presents an updated view on the genesis of stratabound Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization in the Sala area, Bergslagen, Sweden. Integrated legacy and new geological, geochemical and geophysical data reveal that the deposits are hosted by a complex array of magnesian skarn-altered zones in dolomitic marble. These mineralized zones parallel early faults and metavolcanic interbeds in the host marble, and converge downwards in the stratigraphy adjacent to a 1.89 Ga calc-alkaline granite-granodiorite batholith. Prograde alteration involved formation of early barren ferroan diopside- and forsterite-bearing skarns. Mineralization is mainly associated with subsequent alteration to tremolite, chlorite, serpentine, magnetite and calcite. The hydrous associations overlap mineralogically with assemblages formed during subsequent greenschist facies regional metamorphism between 1.87 Ga and 1.8 Ga. However, ferroan diopside and forsterite are unique to the alteration system, and indicate mineralization in conjunction with an early, high T, metasomatic alteration event at 1.89 Ga. The Sala deposits can be classified as Zn skarn deposits, albeit atypical in the magnesian nature of the skarns and the lack of minerals with essential Mn. The Fe and Mn content in magnesian silicates and carbonates is however sufficient to induce clear enrichment haloes of these elements around the deposits. The magnesian nature of the skarns probably reflect formation in a shallow marine continental backarc tectonic setting, and an importance of seawater in early pre-skarn alteration stages, such as dolomitization.ISBN för värdpublikation: 978-0-85261-962-9 </p

Origin of Palaeoproterozoic, sub-seafloor Zn-Pb-Ag skarn deposits, Sala area, Bergslagen, Sweden

Unravelling the genesis of metamorphosed mineral deposits can be complicated due to difficulties in separating between primary features and features that formed during the metamorphic overprint. Such uncertainty exists for stratabound and dolomite- and skarn-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag sulfide deposits in 1.89 Ga rocks in the Bergslagen lithotectonic unit (BLU) of Sweden, where a metasomatic vs. regional metamorphic origin for skarns has long been discussed. By integrating geological mapping with new lithogeochemical, mineralogical, and stable isotope data (C, O, S), we show that complexly zoned garnet and clinopyroxene skarns in the Sala area of the central BLU predate mineralization. Sphalerite-galena mineralization formed after the deposition of a younger, more Mn-rich ferroan diopside and andradite-grossular garnet, and is associated with phlogopite, tremolite-actinolite, chlorite, serpentine, and calcite. Mineralization in conjunction with a transition from high-T metasomatism to hydrolytic alteration is inferred. An average δ34SV-CDT of 1.6 ± 1.9‰ in sulfides is consistent with a primordial sulfur source. Trends defined by negative shifts in δ18OV-SMOW and δ13CV-PDB in dolomite and calcite are consistent with fluid infiltration at 300–500 °C. The alteration system is sharply truncated by unaltered, c. 1.89 Ga calc-alkaline granite and porphyritic intrusions, which along with F1 folding of the alteration zones and mineralization suggest that mineralization predate regional metamorphism. The Sala deposits are interpreted as Zn skarn deposits formed in conjunction with the emplacement of intrusions into penecontemporaneous marine volcanic and dolomitized limestone strata. The unusually Mg-rich mineralogy in relation to Zn skarns worldwide most likely reflects the dolomitic precursor.Validerad;2022;Nivå 2;2022-03-03 (hanlid);Forskningsfinansiär: Boliden; Björka mineralVectOr

Principal component analysis and K-means clustering as tools during exploration for Zn skarn deposits and industrial carbonates, Sala area, Sweden

This contribution presents an application of principal component analysis (PCA) and K-means clustering as tools for data dimension reduction and grouping of multivariate, whole-rock lithogeochemical data. The study dataset consists of 64 geochemical variables and measurements of spectrophotometric brightness determined from 181 dolomite marble samples, collected at various distance from two contrasting types of mineral deposits, 1) stratabound, dolomite marble- and skarn-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag sulphide deposits and 2) industrial dolomite deposits. Clustering and PCA outputs are assessed based on spatial distribution relative to known mineral deposits and interpretability using geological domain knowledge, to test if the methods can provide a non-biased classification of dolomite samples which is useful for exploration vectoring. The PCA illustrate that three principle components derived from centered log-ratio transformed data can account for 79.69% of the dataset variance. K-means clustering provide unsupervised division of samples into different groups reflecting relative contents of detrital (siliciclastic-volcaniclastic), biogenic and hydrothermal components in the marble protoliths. Spatial analysis of principal components and K-means clusters reveal systematic distribution patterns relative to known deposits, thus providing an exploration guide. The samples most prospective for Zn-Pb-Ag deposits are divided into groups of ‘halo dolomite’ exhibiting elevated Fe and Mn, and an ‘ore dolomite’ also showing elevated Zn, Pb, Ag, Sb, Hg. This can be reconciled with magnetite and Mn-bearing Mg-silicates and carbonates in hydrothermal alteration haloes, and proximal enrichment in hydrothermal sulphides (galena, pyrrhotite, pyrite, sphalerite). Samples in these groups returned low spectrophotometric brightness, resulting from sulphides and Fe oxides grinding to dark powders during sample preparation, significantly lowering the brightness of powdered dolomite marble, even when occurring in low concentrations. Conversely, a ‘clean dolomite’ group is characterized by low contents of the elements above, high contents of Ca, Mg, Sr and total carbon, low magnetic susceptibility and high spectrophotometric brightness, and spatially coincide with known industrial dolomite deposits. An additional group of ‘detrital-rich dolomite’ is distinct from the other groups in an elevated content of high field strength elements and Al, and intermediate spectrophotometric brightness. This variety represent samples containing a higher content of co-settled volcaniclastic-siliciclastic material in the marble precursor. Assessment of the clustered data in relation to magnetic susceptibility measurements from the same samples show that Halo and Ore dolomite can be differentiated from other dolomite types by geomagnetic methods, hence providing a proxy for their indirect detection during geophysical surveys.Validerad;2021;Nivå 2;2021-11-22 (beamah);Funder: Boliden Mineral; Björka Mineral.VectOr

A lithological context for stratabound REE mineralisation at the birthplace of REE – Bastnäs, Riddarhyttan, Sweden

The Bastnäs ore field, in central Sweden, is the cradle of the rare earth elements (REE). It is the place of the discovery of several REE and important REE-minerals (e.g., Bastnäsite one of the primary REE-ore minerals). In recent years there has been an increased interest due to rising demand of REE for technological applications. Several recent studies have focused on the mineralogy and geochemistry but a lack of fresh in situ samples has meant that textural and stratigraphic relationships are not as well described. Recent exploration in the area has produced drill core traverses across the host stratigraphy of the Bastnäs deposit, allowing the collection of relatively fresh in situ samples which can be placed in lithological context. Here we present new mineralogical and textural information linked to the lithology indicating that the REE-mineralisation in Bastnäs is commonly associated with magnetite skarn and that it occurs over a wide range of stratigraphic levelsISBN for host publication: 978-2-8399-4046-7</p

Hydrothermal alteration, lithogeochemical marker units and vectors towards mineralisation at the Svärdsjö Zn-Pb-Cu deposit, Bergslagen, Sweden

The Svärdsjö Zn-Pb-Cu deposit is situated in the heavily mineralised Bergslagen lithotectonic unit of the Fennoscandian shield, south-central Sweden. Intense hydrothermal alteration followed by a strong overprint by deformation and metamorphism during the Svecokarelian orogeny complicate interpretation of the local geology. Integration of whole-rock lithogeochemical and petrographic methods has allowed the mainly dacitic volcanic host succession and effects of ore-related hydrothermal alteration to be characterised. Mineralisation is hosted by 2–15 m thick, commonly skarn-altered dolomitic marble interbeds. Zones of strong–intense hydrothermal chlorite-sericite alteration envelop the marble units, recording mass gains of Fe and Mg, as well as Na depletion. Minerals such as cordierite, anthophyllite and sillimanite formed in these rocks during regional metamorphism. Mineralisation via sub-seafloor replacement is suggested for the deposit based on alteration zoning and the irregular, stratabound, marble-hosted style of sulphide lenses. It is inferred that mineralisation formed via neutralisation of hot, acidic metalliferous fluids. Geochemically and lithologically distinct units adjacent to the mineralised zones can serve as marker units to aid further exploration in the area. Mass change calculations reveal that Fe and Mg enrichment, as well as Na depletion exhibit detectable changes extending up to 100 m from the mineralised lenses, providing exploration vectors.</p

A lithological context for stratabound REE mineralisation at the birthplace of REE – Bastnäs, Riddarhyttan, Sweden

The Bastnäs ore field, in central Sweden, is the cradle of the rare earth elements (REE). It is the place of the discovery of several REE and important REE-minerals (e.g., Bastnäsite one of the primary REE-ore minerals). In recent years there has been an increased interest due to rising demand of REE for technological applications. Several recent studies have focused on the mineralogy and geochemistry but a lack of fresh in situ samples has meant that textural and stratigraphic relationships are not as well described. Recent exploration in the area has produced drill core traverses across the host stratigraphy of the Bastnäs deposit, allowing the collection of relatively fresh in situ samples which can be placed in lithological context. Here we present new mineralogical and textural information linked to the lithology indicating that the REE-mineralisation in Bastnäs is commonly associated with magnetite skarn and that it occurs over a wide range of stratigraphic levelsISBN for host publication: 978-2-8399-4046-7</p

Age constraints on c. 1.9 Ga volcanism, basin evolution and mineralization at the world-class Zinkgruvan Zn-Pb-Ag(-Cu) deposit, Bergslagen, Sweden

We present improved age constraints for the world-class Zinkgruvan Zn-Pb-Ag and Cu deposit: one of the largest Zn deposits of the Fennoscandian shield, and one of the earliest large, basin-hosted Zn deposits that formed from oxidized saline brines. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) U-Pb dating on zircon is used to constrain at least two phases of c. 1.9 Ga volcanism in the Zinkgruvan area, separated by a period of fluvial sedimentation, all of which predated formation of the stratiform Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization. A 1908 ± 4 Ma age for a rhyolitic rock of the first volcanic phase is the oldest recorded U-Pb zircon age of a volcanic rock in the Bergslagen lithotectonic unit (BLU) where Zinkgruvan is located. Similarly, two identical ages of 1898 ± 5 Ma for volcanic rocks belonging to the second volcanic phase indicate that the local volcanic activity, which formed the stratigraphic footwall, ended earlier in the Zinkgruvan area than in other parts of the BLU, where intense explosive felsic volcanic and intrusive activity until c. 1891 Ma has been demonstrated. This, along with a hybrid siliciclastic-volcaniclastic (tuffitic) character of the Zinkgruvan ore host, confirms earlier interpretations that the Zinkgruvan deposit formed in an actively subsiding basin, distal to active volcanic centers in the BLU in the time range 1.90–1.89 Ga. Our results support models suggesting that basinal brine-driven hydrothermal systems in sedimentary basins distal to volcanic centers could form world-class Zn deposits as early as c. 1.90 Ga.Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-07-06 (hanlid)</p