Terrestrial bitumen analogue of orgueil organic material demonstrates high sensitivity to usual HF-HCl treatment

The relationship between the chemical composition and the interlayer spacing (d002) of organic materials (OM's) is known for various terrestrial OM's. We improved this general trend by correlation with corresponding trend of natural solid bitumens (asphaltite-kerite-anthraxolite) up to graphite. Using the improved trend we identified bitumen analogs of carbonaceous chondrite OM's residued after HF-HCl treatment. Our laboratory experiment revealed that these analogs and, hence, structure and chemical composition of carbonaceous chondrite OM's are very sensitive to the HF-HCl treatment. So, usual extraction of OM from carbonaceous chondrites may change significantly structural and chemical composition of extracted OM

Discursive-Pragmatic Creativity in English-Language Chinese Mass Media

The issue of linguistic creativity in Chinese mass media sources published in English is considered. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the English-language discourse of the Chinese mass media is studied as an independent culturally conditioned speech activity phenomenon that actualizes the cultural values of China and the civilizational values of the East. It is substantiated that linguistic creativity is realized in English texts through various forms of manifestation of Chinese national communicative identity: proverbs, allegories, analogies, hints, allusions, rooted in Chinese history, philosophy and folk experience. The updated concepts of proverbs emphasize the values of constant evolutionary movement on the principle of “movement in the still” and the values of collectivism, which are significant both in the country itself and in the region and the world. The collectivism peculiar to China determined the accentuation of the anti-value concepts of hegemony, shame, slander and humiliation. It has been proved that linguistic creativity in the Chinese media in English is also expressed in wordplay and word creation, if this contributes to a more effective presentation of China's position to the English-speaking audience and does not violate the principle of appropriateness. It has been established that in the Chinese English-language mass media, linguistic creativity is of a discursive-pragmatic nature, allows copying samples of linguistic creativity from English-language media and is supplemented with new associations and meanings in their own cultural context

The role of platelets in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

The participation of platelets in the development of atherothrombosis in acute forms of cardiovascular diseases is generally recognized and well studied, while their significance in the pathogenesis of vascular atherosclerosis, starting from the earliest stages, requires further study. This article analyzes the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Modern views on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, platelet-endothelial interactions, molecular mechanisms of platelet activation, platelet immune function from the point of view of the initial stages of atherogenesis, studies of the effect of antiplatelet therapy in primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerosis are considered. The leading role of platelets in the inflammatory and immune reactions of the human body is indicated, which is realized due to a complex of immune receptors, adhesion molecules and mediators

Universal quantum computing with qubits embedded in trapped-ion qudits

Recent developments in qudit-based quantum computing, in particular with trapped ions, open interesting possibilities for scaling quantum processors without increasing the number of physical information carriers. In this work, we propose a method for compiling quantum circuits in the case, where qubits are embedded into qudits of experimentally relevant dimensionalities, $d=3,\ldots,8$, for the trapped-ion platform. In particular, we demonstrate how single-qubit, two-qubit, and multiqubit gates can be realized using single-qudit operations and the Molmer-Sorensen (MS) gate as a basic two-particle operation. We expect that our findings are directly applicable to trapped-ion-based qudit processors.Comment: 7+2 pages, 4+2 figures, 1 tabl

Realization of quantum algorithms with qudits

The paradigm behind digital quantum computing inherits the idea of using binary information processing. The nature in fact gives much more rich structures of physical objects that can be used for encoding information, which is especially interesting in the quantum mechanical domain. In this Colloquium, we review several ideas indicating how multilevel quantum systems, also known as qudits, can be used for efficient realization of quantum algorithms, which are represented via standard qubit circuits. We focus on techniques of leveraging qudits for simplifying decomposition of multiqubit gates, and for compressing quantum information by encoding multiple qubits in a single qudit. As we discuss, these approaches can be efficiently combined. This allows reducing in the number of entangling (two-body) operations and the number of the used quantum information carriers compared to straightforward qubit realizations. These theoretical schemes can be implemented with quantum computing platforms of various nature, such as trapped ions, neutral atoms, superconducting junctions, and quantum light. We conclude with summarizing a set of open problems, whose resolving is an important further step towards employing universal qudit-based processors for running qubit algorithms.Comment: 24 pages, 19 figure

Aromatic Structure Influence on the Selectivity of Substituted Methacryloylaminophenylmethacrylates Free-Radical Polymerization

A new dimethacrylic monomer with biphenylbenzoate-type aromatic core was tested to the possibility to carry out its selective homopolymerization under conditions of thermoinitiated radical polymerization in DMF solution. The kinetics of thermo-induced radical homopolymerization of this monomer as well as some model compounds were studied by dilatometry. The preferring polymerization of O-methacryloyl double bond was proved by 1H NMR spectroscopy

Synthesis and Adsorption Properties of 4-Vinylpyridine and Styrene Copolymer In Situ Immobilized on Silica Surface

Copolymer of 4-vinylpyridine with styrene was in situ immobilized on silica gel surface via the heterogeneous radical polymerization. Anchorage of the copolymer on the surface layer was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The quantity of copolymer on the silica gel surface was evaluated as 25.73 wt.% by TG and DSC-MS analysis. “Islet” location of polymer layer on the silica surface was confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy. A high adsorption activity of silica gel with immobilized copolymer towards microquantitatives of Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Fe(III), and Ni(II) ions in steady state conditions as well as of Ni(II) ions in dynamic regime was found