Comprehensive insights into the understanding of hypoxia in ameloblastoma

Hypoxia is characterized by a disparity between supply and demand of oxygen. The association between hypoxia and head and neck tumors is a topic of significant interest. Tumors frequently encounter areas with inadequate oxygen supply, resulting in a hypoxic microenvironment. Ameloblastoma is one of the most common benign odontogenic tumors of the maxillofacial region. It is a slow-growing but locally invasive tumor with a high recurrence rate. The literature has demonstrated the correlation between hypoxia and ameloblastoma, revealing a discernible link between the heightened expression of hypoxic markers in low oxygen conditions. This association is intricately tied to the tumoral potential for invasion, progression, and malignant transformation. Hypoxia profoundly influences the molecular and cellular landscape within ameloblastic lesions. The present review sheds light on the mechanisms, implications, and emerging perspectives in understanding this intriguing association to clarify the dynamic relationship between hypoxia and ameloblastoma

Aging and oral squamous cell carcinoma development: the role of cellular senescence

The gradual accumulation and inadequate renewal of senescent cells over time drive organismal aging. Senescent cells undergo altered gene expression and release inflammatory mediators collectively termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which significantly contributes to a spectrum of age-related disorders, including cancer. In the context of carcinogenesis, the SASP produced by senescent cells has been implicated in the promotion of epithelial cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common form of oral cancer. Senescent cells within the tumor microenvironment release factors that amplify the growth and invasiveness of neighboring cancer cells. Senotherapeutics, including senolytics and senomorphics, emerge as promising modalities to target senescent cells and their associated inflammatory factors, thereby opening novel avenues for augmenting the efficacy of cancer treatments. Here, we review the general aspects of cellular senescence, focusing on the relation between senescence-related inflammation with cancer development. We also analyze the available evidence linking cellular senescence with OSCC, highlighting possible clinical applications

Comparative in vitro analysis of the antifungal activity of different calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers

Aim: This study aimed to perform an in vitro comparative analysis of the antifungal activity of different calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers against three fungal species. Methods: The antifungal properties of three calcium silicate-based sealers were tested: Bio-C Sealer, Cambiar a Sealer Plus BC, and MTA-Fillapex. Two commonly used sealers were used as controls: AH Plus and Endomethasone. An agar diffusion test was performed to analyze the antifungal activity of the sealers against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and a mixed microbial culture medium. The results were analyzed using ANOVA (p <0.05). Results: Endomethasone exhibited the highest inhibition against all strains examined, maintaining a consistent level of inhibition throughout 7 days. MTA-Fillapex demonstrated the best performance among the calcium silicate-based sealers for the three fungal species (p < 0.05), maintaining stable values over the 7 days, surpassing that of Endomethasone. Nevertheless, MTA-Fillapex only exhibited antimicrobial effect against the mixed culture for the first 24 hours, and no antimicrobial activity was observed at 48 hours, being surpassed by all tested sealers (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Of all silicate-based sealers tested, only MTA-Fillapex exhibited promising antifungal activity. Nevertheless, care must be taken when extrapolating these results, as MTA-Fillapex exhibited poor antimicrobial activity when tested in mixed microbial cultures

Efficacy Of 5% Topical 5-Fluorouracil for the Treatment of Odontogenic Keratocysts: A Systematic Review.

The odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a cyst of the maxillary bones that originates from remnants of the dental lamina. Despite its benign nature, it exhibits aggressive behavior, a high recurrence rate, and an association with Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome. Various treatment options exist, including surgical resection (SR), marsupialization, and adjuvant therapies like and modified Carnoy's Solution (MCS). Recent studies suggest that topical 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) may serve as an effective alternative for OKC treatment, given its success in managing basal cell carcinoma. This systematic review evaluates the evidence regarding 5-FU’s role in OKC treatment, focusing on recurrence rates and adverse effect

Orthopantomography Versus Cone Beam Computed Tomography for the Assessment of the Proximity of Posterior Maxillary Apexes with the Maxillary Sinus: A Cross-sectional Study

Indexación: ScopusBackground: The lack of knowledge of the relation of the maxillary sinus with the apexes of maxillary posterior teeth can lead to important complications during common dental procedures. This can be avoided using different imaging techniques, such as orthopantomography (OPG) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The present study aims to compare the performance of OPG with CBCT in measuring the vertical distance of the apexes of posterior-superior teeth to the maxillary sinus. Methods: This study corresponded to a cross-sectional study. OPGs and CBCT scans were obtained from the same individuals, and the qualitative and quantitative vertical distance of the apexes in relation to the maxillary sinus was categorized and measured in mm. Results: A total of 28 pairs of OPGs and CBCT scans from the same patients were obtained. About 381 roots were analysed, which included 89 upper first premolars, 51 upper second premolars, 115 upper first molars, and 126 upper second molars. Projection/protrusion was observed with more frequency in molars, specially 1º molars in both OPG (n= 75, 65.2%) and CBCT (n= 31, 27%); however, 106 more cases (27.9%) were classified as projected in the OPG compared to CBCT (p < 0.05). When comparing the performance of the OPG and CBTC for analysing all roots qualitatively, there was a 57.8% agreement between both techniques. This difference was statistically significant (p <0.0001). Statistically significant differences were also observed when comparing the millimetric differences. Conclusion: This study showed that OPG is not an accurate technique to observe the relationship between the maxillary sinus and the apexes of the upper posterior teeth. In those cases where precision is required when performing dental procedures in this area, CBCT should be used. When not available, the clinicians should be aware of the limitations of the OPG and add other complementary techniques. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Bentham Science Publisher

Salivary Biomarkers for Oral Cancer Detection: An Exploratory Systematic Review

Different efforts have been made to find better and less invasive methods for the diagnosis and prediction of oral cancer, such as the study of saliva as a source of biomarkers. The aim of this study was to perform a scoping review about salivary molecules that have been assessed as possible biomarkers for the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A search was conducted using EBSCO, PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Web of Science. The research question was as follows: which molecules present in saliva have utility to be used as biomarkers for the early detection of oral cancer? Sixty-two studies were included. Over 100 molecules were assessed. Most of the markers were oriented towards the early diagnosis of OSCC and were classified based on their ability for detecting OSCC and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), OSCC outcome prediction, and the prediction of the malignant transformation of OPMDs. TNF-&alpha;, IL-1&beta;, IL-6 IL-8, LDH, and MMP-9 were the most studied, with almost all studies reporting high sensitivity and specificity values. TNF-&alpha;, IL-1&beta;, IL-6 IL-8, LDH, and MMP-9 are the most promising salivary biomarkers. However, more studies with larger cohorts are needed before translating the use of these biomarkers to clinical settings

"Subcondylar Endaural Approach for the Treatment of Condylar Hyperplasia: Systematic Review and Case Series of 10 Patients"

This study addresses the management of condylar hyperplasia, a condition marked by unilateral condylar overgrowth that leads to facial asymmetry and occlusal disturbances. A systematic review and a 10-patient case series were conducted to evaluate surgical strategies. The findings show that proportional condylectomy using a modified endaural approach is a safe and effective technique, with low morbidity and favorable esthetic outcomes. Compared with preauricular approaches, the modified endaural method reduces transient nerve complications and avoids extensive tissue dissection. In the presented series, most patients achieved stable functional and esthetic results without the need for additional orthognathic surgery

Effect of ultrasonic activation on dentinalr tubule penetration of Bio-C temp and ultracal XS: A comparative CLSM assessment

Indexación: Scopus.Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of ultrasonic activation (UA) on tubular penetration between Bio-C Temp and Ultracal XS intracanal medicaments. Methods: Forty single-rooted human premolars were endodontically prepared and divided into 4 experimental groups (n=10): Bio-C Temp, Bio-C Temp+UA, UltraCal XS and UltraCal XS+UA. All medicaments were previously mixed with a specific calcium marker (Fluo-3) and passively injected into the canals. The samples were incubated for 7 days. For each tooth, 1 mm thick sections were obtained from the middle and apical thirds of the canals. The samples were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the depth and area of penetration were determined for each group. The Student t test was used to compare results between groups (p<0.05). Results: UA increased the depth and penetration area of Bio-C Temp and Ultracal XS, showing significant differences in the penetration area of the apical third for Bio-C Temp (p<0.0339). Bio-C Temp presented greater tubular penetration than Ultracal XS, showing significant differences in the depth of penetration in the apical third (p<0.0005), and in the penetration area in the middle (p<0.0016) and apical third (p<0.0339) after UA. Conclusion: UA increases tubular penetration (both depth and area) of Bio-C Temp at the apical third but has no significant effect on Ultracal XS. Bio-C Temp has a greater depth and tubular penetration area than Ultracal XS after UA. © 2023 Kare Publishing. All rights reserved.https://jag.journalagent.com/eurendodj/pdfs/EEJ-24196-ORIGINAL_ARTICLES-PE%D1A-BENGOA.pdfhttps://eurendodj.com/jvi.aspx?un=EEJ-24196&volume=8&issue=

Expression of regulatory and executor proteins of apoptosis in odontogenic keratocyst: a systematic review

Background: The odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) corresponds to the third most common odontogenic cyst of the maxillary bones, originating from the dental lamina or its remnants. Apoptosis dysregulation, due to an imbalance between anti-apoptotic and proapoptotic proteins, has been proposed as a promoter for the development and progression of OKC. This study aimed to conduct an exploratory systematic review to synthesize the current knowledge on effector proteins of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, and executor proteins of apoptosis in OKC. Materials and Methods: Primary studies were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, following the recommendations of PRISMA. Inclusion criteria were articles in English reporting the expression of at least two apoptosis-related proteins in OKC, studies using human tissues, descriptive retrospective case series, or in vitro assays. Results: Seven articles met the inclusion criteria and were considered for data extraction and analysis. Of the selected articles, six studied proteins related to the regulation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, all reporting the immunohistochemical expression of Bcl-2 and BAX. Only one study reported the immunohistochemical expression of proteins related to the regulation of the extrinsic pathway, specifically Fas and FasL. Regarding apoptosis execution proteins, only one article characterized the immunohistochemical expression of caspases, specifically caspase-3. Conclusion: OKC expresses proteins related to apoptosis regulation similar to other aggressive odontogenic lesions, such as ameloblastoma. This suggests that apoptosis dysregulation may be essential in its development and progression