Nicotine Contamination in Particulate Matter Sampling

We have addressed potential contamination of PM2.5 filter samples by nicotine from cigarette smoke. We collected two nicotine samples – one nicotine sampling filter was placed inline after the collection of PM2.5 and the other stood alone. The overall correlation between the two nicotine filter levels was 0.99. The nicotine collected on the “stand-alone” filter was slightly greater than that on the “in-line” filter (mean difference = 1.10 μg/m3), but the difference was statistically significant only when PM2.5 was low (≤ 50 μg/m3). It is therefore important to account for personal and secondhand smoke exposure while assessing occupational and environmental PM

Changes of Alpha1-Antitrypsin Levels in Allergen-induced Nasal Inflammation

ObjectivesAlpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) is the main inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase, and plays a role in counteracting the tissue damage caused by elastase in local inflammatory conditions. The study evaluated the involvement of AAT in nasal allergic inflammation.MethodsForty subjects with mono-sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt) were enrolled. Twenty allergic rhinitis patients frequently complained of nasal symptoms such as rhinorrhea, stuffiness, sneezing, and showed positive responses to the nasal provocation test (NPT) with Dpt (Group I). The other 20 asymptomatic patients showed sensitization to Dpt but negative NPT (Group II). The levels of AAT, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and Dpt-specific IgA antibodies were measured in the nasal lavage fluids (NLFs), collected at baseline, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 3 hours, and 6 hours after the NPT. Nasal mucosa AAT expression was evaluated with immunohistochemical staining from Group I and Group II.ResultsAt baseline, only the Dpt-specific IgA level was significantly increased in the NLFs of Group I compared with Group II, while ECP and AAT levels were not significantly different between two groups. After Dpt provocation, AAT, ECP, and Dpt-specific IgA levels were significantly increased in the NLFs of Group I during the early and late responses. The protein expression level of AAT was mostly found in the infiltrating inflammatory cells of the nasal mucosa, which was significantly increased in Group I compared to Group II.ConclusionThe increment of AAT showed a close relationship with the activation of eosinophils induced by allergen-specific IgA in the NLFs of patients with allergic rhinitis after allergen stimulation. These findings implicate AAT in allergen-induced nasal inflammation

Les effets de l'alimentation sur les maladies allergiques respiratoires chez l'enfant

PARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Intolérance au gluten (rôles du pharmacien dans l'accompagnement du patient)

PARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Le lavage nasal (mise au point, validation, applications clinique et épidémiologique)

La thèse étudie l'intérêt clinique et épidémiologique d'une méthode de lavage nasal dans l'exploration de l'inflammation des voies aériennes, chez l'adulte et l'enfant. Une application clinique menée chez 13 enfants asthmatiques montre qu'il existe, entre les liquides de lavages nasal et bronchoalvéolaire, une corrélation en terme de polynucléaires neutrophiles. L'étude épidémiologique révèle que, chez 45 enfants asthmatiques allergiques, une exposition aux particules fines PM2,5, mesurée de façon personnalisée sur 48h, est associée aux nombres de polynucléaires neutrophiles et éosinophiles et aux niveaux en albumine, urée et alpha1-antitrypsine dans le liquide de lavage nasal. Cette association n'est pas retrouvée chez les enfants sains non atopiques (n=46). Ces résultats plaident en faveur du rôle des PM2,5, dans la sur-expression du phénotype allergique.This research describes the development of a nasal lavage method and its usefulness as a tool for the assessment of airways inflammation in clinical and epidemiological studies, in children as well as in adults. A clinical study conducted in 13 asthmatic children shows that a significant correlation between nasal and bronchoalveolar neutrophils exists when measured in nasal and bronchoalveolar lavages, respectively. Nasal lavage method used in an epidemiological study also reveals that, in asthmatic allergic children (n=45) but not in healthy children (n=46), nasal neutrophil and eosinophill and eosinophil counts are highly correlated to fine particles levels (PM2,5) measured in a personal way. Similar correlations are found with PM2,5 concentrations and nasal albumin, urea and alpha1-antitrypsin levels. These results support the hypothesis of PM2,5 involvement in allergic phenotype over-expressionPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF