General geology, alteration, and iron deposits in the Palaeoproterozoic Misi region, northern Finland

The Paleoproterozoic Misi region forms the northeastern part of the Peräpohja Schist Belt in northern Finland. The area comprises mafic volcanic and sedimentary rocks, differentiated gabbros, and late-orogenic granitoids. Three geochemically different mafic volcanic units were recognised: LREE-depleted amygdaloidal lavas, slightly LREE-enriched lavas, and mafic tuffs that have a flat REE pattern. Sedimentary rocks include arkosites, mica gneisses, dolomitic marbles, quartzites, tuffites, mica schists, calc-silicate rocks and graphite-bearing schists. Two types of gabbros wereidentified: one with a LREE-enriched pattern and another with flat REE pattern. The age of the former is according to Perttunen and Vaasjoki (2001) 2117±4 Ma, whereas there is no age determination for the latter. The granitoid intrusions belong to the ca. 1800 Malate-orogenic group of the Central Lapland Granitoid Complex. The geochemistry and the stable isotope data on mafic lavas and dolomitic marbles show similarities with the mafic volcanic rocks and marbles of the lower part of the Kivalo group in the western part of Peräpohja Schist Belt. Peak metamorphic conditions in the region vary from upper-greenschist to upper-amphibolite facies. Three major stages of deformation were distinguished: N-S compressional D1 with ductile deformation, NE-SW compressional D2 with ductile to brittle-ductile deformation, and E-W compressional D3 with brittle deformation. Several magnetite occurrences are known in the region and four of those have been mined for iron. The ores are mainly composed of magnetite with minor haematite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and bornite. Besides iron, the ores contain small amounts of P, S and V aswell as trace amounts of Cu, Co, Te and Au. The magnetite bodies are hosted by skarnoids within the ca. 2220–2120 Ma dolomitic marble-quartzite sequence, and highly differentiated, intensely albitised, LREE-enriched gabbro. Multistage and -type alteration is characteristic for the entire region. The styles of alteration in the region are: scapolitisation, regional and local albitisation, sericitisation and silicification associated with a major shear zone, and late carbonatisation and carbonate veining associated with brecciation of the ores and their wall rocks. Local intense albitisation and formation of skarnoids and magnetite ores took placeduring the pre-D1 or D1 faulting or shearing which postdate the intrusion of 2120 Ma gabbros. The iron was mobilized from the mafic to intermediate country rocks and/or marble sequence which possibly contained sedimentary iron formation. Regional alteration with the local intense albitisation and ore formation show similar features to the iron oxide-copper-gold type deposits, although the known deposits in the Misi region only contain trace amounts of gold and copper

Eteisvärinäpotilaan liitännäissairaudet rekisteritiedon perusteella

Lähtökohdat : Eteisvärinä on merkittävä aivoinfarktin riskitekijä, ja eteisvärinäpotilaan aivoinfarktiriskiin vaikuttavat muun muassa potilaan ikä, sukupuoli ja liitännäissairaudet. Aivoinfarktin riski arvioidaan CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc-pisteytyksen avulla, ja ≥ 2 pistettä saaneella potilaalla riski on suuri. Liitännäissairauksien asianmukainen kirjaaminen potilastietojärjestelmiin sekä terveydenhuollon rekistereihin on tärkeää. Menetelmät : Eteisvärinän aivoinfarktiriskiin vaikuttavien liitännäissairauksien esiintyvyydet ­kerättiin valtakunnallisista terveydenhuollon rekistereistä vuosina 2012–2018 uuden ­eteisvärinädiagnoosin saaneista potilaista (n = 168 356). Tulokset : Verenpainetaudin, hyperkolesterolemian ja diabeteksen suurimmat esiintyvyydet löytyivät lääkeostorekisterin perusteella. Sydämen vajaatoiminta-, valtimosairaus- sekä ­iskeeminen aivohalvaus- ja ohimenevä aivoverenkiertohäiriö (TIA) -diagnooseja tunnistettiin selvästi eniten erikoissairaanhoidon hoitoilmoitusrekisteritiedoista. CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc-arvo ≥ 2 oli miehistä 74,8 %:lla ja naisista 87,1 %:lla. Päätelmät : Kattava analyysi eteisvärinäpotilaiden liitännäissairauksista edellyttää tietojen ­laajamittaista yhdistämistä useista rekisterilähteistä.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Effect of Inhaled Xenon on Cardiac Function in Comatose Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest-A Substudy of the Xenon in Combination With Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Trial

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Effect of Inhaled Xenon on Cardiac Function in Comatose Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest—A Substudy of the Xenon in Combination With Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Trial

OBJECTIVES: This explorative substudy aimed at determining the effect ofinhaled xenon on left ventricular function by echocardiography in comatose survivorsof out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.DESIGN: A randomized two-group single-blinded phase 2 clinical drug trial.SETTING: A multipurpose ICU in two university hospitals.PATIENTS: Of the 110 randomized comatose survivors after out-of-hospital cardiacarrest with a shockable rhythm in the xenon in combination with hypothermiaafter cardiac arrest trial, 38 patients (24–76 yr old) with complete echocardiographywere included in this study.INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized to receive either inhaled xenoncombined with hypothermia (33 C) for 24 hours or hypothermia treatment alone.Echocardiography was performed at hospital admission and 24 4 hours afterhypothermia.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Left ventricular ejection fraction,myocardial longitudinal systolic strain, and diastolic function were analyzedblinded to treatment. There were 17 xenon and 21 control patients in whom echocardiographywas completed. Clinical characteristics did not differ significantlybetween the groups. At admission, ejection fraction was similar in xenon and controlpatients (39% 10% vs 38% 11%; p = 0.711) but higher in xenon thancontrol patients after hypothermia (50% 10% vs 42% 10%; p = 0.014).Global longitudinal systolic strain was similar in xenon and control patients atadmission (–9.0% 3.8% vs –8.1% 3.6%; p = 0.555) but better in xenonthan control patients after hypothermia (–14.4.0% 4.0% vs –10.5% 4.0%;p = 0.006). In patients with coronary artery disease, longitudinal strain improved inthe nonischemic myocardial segments in xenon patients. There were no changesin diastolic function between the groups.</p

Differences in the risk of stroke, bleeding events, and mortality between female and male patients with atrial fibrillation during warfarin therapy

Females with atrial fibrillation (AF) have been suggested to carry a higher risk for thromboembolic events than males. We compared the residual risk of stroke, bleeding events, and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality among female and male AF patients taking warfarin. Data from several nationwide registries and laboratory databases were linked with the civil registration number of the patients. A total of 54568 patients with data on the quality of warfarin treatment (time in therapeutic range) 60days prior to the events were included (TTR60). Gender differences in the endpoints were reported for the whole population, pre-specified age groups, and different TTR60 groups. During the 3.21.6years follow-up, there were no differences in the adjusted risk of stroke [hazard ratio (HR) 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.911.03, P=0.304] between the genders. Cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.780.88, P <0.001) and all-cause mortality (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.750.83, P <0.001) were lower in women when compared with men. There were no differences in the risk of stroke, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality between the genders in the TTR60 categories except for those with TTR60 <50%. Bleeding events were less frequent in females (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.490.56, P <0.001). There were no differences in the risk of stroke between female and male AF patients taking warfarin. Cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and risk of bleeding events were lower in females. Hence, female gender was not a risk marker for adverse outcomes in AF patients with proper warfarin therapy.Peer reviewe

Genesis of Palaeoproterozoic iron skarns in the Misi region, northern Finland

Sodic alteration is widespread in Palaeoproterozoic greenstone and schist belts of the northern Fennoscandian shield. In the Misi region that forms the easternmost part of the Peräpohja schist belt, several small magnetite deposits show intimate spatial relationships with intensely albitised gabbros, raising the possibility that regional sodic alteration released iron, which was subsequently accumulated into deposits. Two of these magnetite deposits, Raajärvi and Puro display a typical paragenesis as follows (from oldest to youngest): (1) diopside, (2) actinolite/tremolite-magnetite ± chlorite, biotite, and (3) serpentine ± hematite, chlorite. Mass balance calculations suggest that significant amounts of Fe, Ca, Mg, K, Cu, V, and Ba were lost, and Na and Si gained during the albitisation of the gabbro, at near-constant Al, Ga, Ti, and Zr. Significant amounts of Si, Ca, Fe, and Na were enriched in the formation of skarn related to magnetite deposits. Fe and V leached from country rocks deposited during the skarn-alteration and formed the vanadium rich iron deposits while Cu passed through the system without significant precipitation due to low sulphur fugasity. Variations in Na, Ca, Mg, K, and Ba contents reflect the composition of the infiltrating fluid during alteration. Conventional heating-freezing measurements and proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analyses of the fluid inclusions related to actinolite/tremolite-magnetite stage alteration indicate that the fluids that caused the alteration and the Fe-mineralisation were complex, oxidised, highly saline H2O ± CO2 fluids that contained high amounts of Na, Ca, K, Fe, and Ba as well as elevated concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Pb. The oxygen isotope thermometry suggest that temperature during the Fe-mineralisation stage was between 390 and 490°C. Calculated δ18Ofluid values of 6.1–9.8‰ SMOW and δ13C values of calcites in the ores and skarns were between −7.7 and 10.9‰ PDB and most likely reflect admixture of 13C depleted, possibly magmatic fluids with the marble wall rocks that show δ13Ccalcite values of 13‰ PDB. The SIMS U–Pb data on the zircons in the albitised gabbro next to the Raajärvi and Puro deposits suggest that intrusion of the gabbro took place at 2123±7 Ma and was accompanied by the formation of diopside skarn. The TIMS data on the metasomatic titanites related to sodic alteration yielded ages of 2062±3 and 2017±3 Ma. Iron was probably stripped from the mafic country rocks by sodic alteration between 2123 and 2017 Ma, driven by repeated brine influxes. Subsequently, the metal-rich brine was focused by a fault system and the iron was precipitated from this fluid by a combination of wall rock reaction, fluid mixing, and a drop in the temperature

Inhaled Xenon Attenuates Myocardial Damage in Comatose Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest The Xe-Hypotheca Trial

Marjaana Tiainen on Xe-HYPOTHECA Study Grp -työryhmän jäsen.BACKGROUND The authors previously reported that inhaled xenon combined with hypothermia attenuates brain white matter injury in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). OBJECTIVES A pre-defined secondary objective was to assess the effect of inhaled xenon on myocardial ischemic damage in the same study population. METHODS A total of 110 comatose patients who had experienced OHCA from a cardiac cause were randomized to receive either inhaled xenon (40% end-tidal concentration) combined with hypothermia (33 degrees C) for 24 h (n = 55; xenon group) or hypothermia treatment alone (n = 55; control group). Troponin-T levels were measured at hospital admission, and at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h post-cardiac arrest. All available cases were analyzed for troponin-T release. RESULTS Troponin-T measurements were available from 54 xenon patients and 54 control patients. The baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between the groups. After adjustments for age, sex, study site, primary coronary percutaneous intervention (PCI), and norepinephrine dose, the mean +/- SD post-arrival incremental change of the ln-transformed troponin-T at 72 h was 0.79 +/- 1.54 in the xenon group and 1.56 +/- 1.38 in the control group (adjusted mean difference -0.66; 95% confidence interval: -1.16 to -0.16; p = 0.01). The effect of xenon on the change in the troponin-T values did not differ in patients with or without PCI or in those with a diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (group by PCI or ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction interaction effect; p = 0.86 and p = 0.71, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Among comatose survivors of OHCA, in comparison with hypothermia alone, inhaled xenon combined with hypothermia suggested a less severe myocardial injury as demonstrated by the significantly reduced release of troponin-T. (C) 2017 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.Peer reviewe