185 research outputs found
Impact of Probiotics on the Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases in the Pediatric Population
Despite the high prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) in infants and children,
especially those categorized as functional GIDs (FGIDs), insufficient knowledge about their pathophysiology
has limited both symptomatic diagnosis and the development of optimal therapies.
Recent advances in the field of probiotics have made their potential use as an interesting therapeutic
and preventive strategy against these disorders possible, but further efforts are still needed. In
fact, there is great controversy surrounding this topic, generated by the high variety of potential
probiotics strains with plausible therapeutic utility, the lack of consensus in their use as well as
the few comparative studies available on probiotics that record their efficacy. Taking into account
these limitations, and in the absence of clear guidelines about the dose and timeframe for successful
probiotic therapy, our review aimed to evaluate current studies on potential use of probiotics for
the prevention and treatment of the most common FGIDs and GIDs in the pediatric population.
Furthermore, matters referring to know major action pathways and key safety recommendations for
probiotic administration proposed by major pediatric health agencies shall also be discussed
Association study between hypothalamic functional connectivity, early nutrition, and glucose levels in healthy children aged 6 years: The COGNIS study follow-up
Breastfeeding (BF) is the gold standard in infant nutrition; knowing how it influences brain connectivity would help understand the mechanisms involved, which would help close the nutritional gap between infant formulas and breast milk. We analyzed potential long-term differences depending on the diet with an experimental infant formula (EF), compared to a standard infant formula (SF) or breastfeeding (BF) during the first 18 months of life on children's hypothalamic functional connectivity (FC) assessed at 6 years old. A total of 62 children participating in the COGNIS randomized clinical trial (Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02094547) were included in this study. They were randomized to receive an SF (n = 22) or a bioactive nutrient-enriched EF (n = 20). BF children were also included as a control study group (BF: n = 20). Brain function was evaluated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and mean glucose levels were collected through a 24-h continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device at 6 years old. Furthermore, nutrient intake was also analyzed during the first 18 months of life and at 6 years old through 3-day dietary intake records. Groups fed with EF and BF showed lower FC between the medial hypothalamus (MH) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in comparison with SF-fed children. Moreover, the BF children group showed lower FC between the MH and the left putamen extending to the middle insula, and higher FC between the MH and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) compared to the EF-fed children group. These areas are key regions within the salience network, which is involved in processing salience stimuli, eating motivation, and hedonic-driven desire to consume food. Indeed, current higher connectivity found on the MH-IFG network in the BF group was associated with lower simple sugars acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDRs) at 6 months of age. Regarding linoleic acid intake at 12 months old, a negative association with this network (MH-IFG) only in the BF group was found. In addition, BF children showed lower mean glucose levels compared to SF-fed children at 6 years old. Our results may point out a possible relationship between diet during the first 18 months of life and inclined proclivity for hedonic eating later in life.Randox LaboratoriesS.L. Contract University of Granada General FoundationSpanish Government 3349Contract University of Granada General Foundation 3349European Commission CIEN-IDI-20141206Junta de Andalucia Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades 4003Fundacion Carolina, Madrid, Spain 633595
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Base de datos de clima marĂtimo en España
[ES] Desde tiempo atrás, y por varias instituciones, se instalaron en España diversos instrumentos de medida oceanográfica, que sin embargo no se mantuvieron de forma sistemática ni se incorporaron a bases de datos. Hay constancia de campañas de medida del Instituto Español de Oceanografia, y tenemos registrados datos de boyas de oleaje desde 1973, asĂ como registros de mareĂłgrafos sobre papel desde principios de siglo, de los cuales, algunos corresponden a instrumentos que han cambiado de localizaciĂłn o han sido abandonados. Estos datos antiguos son de escasa utilidad para la comunidad cientĂfica y tĂ©cnica al no estar fácilmente accesibles. El Programa de Clima MarĂtimo y Banco de Datos Oceanográficos se creĂł en 1983 en la DirecciĂłn General de Puertos y Costas para tratar de corregir esa situaciĂłn y establecer un banco de datos de acceso pĂşblico y sencillo. Hoy aquel Programa se ha convertido en el Departamento de I+D de Puertos del Estado, con el nombre de Clima MarĂtimo. El Departamento de Clima MarĂtimo, de Puertos del Estado (Ente PĂşblico incluido en el MOPTMA) se estructura en 5 secciones. Dos de ellas se encargan de desarrollar modelos de interacciĂłn viento-oleaje, y modelos oceanográficos de mareas y corrientes en 3-D. Otra tiene como responsabilidad el tratamiento estadĂstico de los datos de los instrumentos oceanográficos de Puertos del Estado y el diseño de nuevas instalaciones instrumentales. La cuarta se ocupa de todas las cuestiones referentes a la base de datos oceanográfica, mientras que existe una quinta secciĂłn dedicada al apoyo informático. Objetivo prioritario de Clima MarĂtimo es el mantenimiento de una Base de Datos de estructura abierta en la que se almacenen todos los datos de interĂ©s oceanográfico al que el Departamento pueda tener acceso, mediante instrumentos propios de las Redes de Medida de Puertos del Estado, mediante intercambio o mediante compra.Ruiz, A.; Nistal, A.; PĂ©rez, B.; Huerta, M.; Ruiz, MI.; Nieto, JC.; Serrano, O. (1995). Base de datos de clima marĂtimo en España. IngenierĂa del Agua. 2(1 Extraordinario):75-88. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.1995.2661SWORD758821 Extraordinari
Influence of eating schedule on the postprandial response : Gender differences
This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. Ciberehd is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. The research leading to these results has received funding from the People Programme of the EU's 7th Framework Programme under REA grant agreement no. 607652 (ITN NeuroGut). Dr Monrroy was supported by a grant from Pontificia Universidad CatĂłlica de Chile.Ingestion of a meal induces conscious sensations depending of the characteristics of the meal and the predisposition of the eater. We hypothesized that the eating schedule plays a conditioning role, specifically, that an extemporaneous meal is less rewarding than when eaten at the habitual schedule. We conducted a randomized parallel trial in 10 women and 10 men comparing the responses to a consistent savoury lunch-type meal (stewed beans) eaten at the habitual afternoon schedule or at an unconventional time in the morning. Schedule and gender differences were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of covariance. In women, the sensory experience induced by the probe meal, particularly postprandial satisfaction, was weaker when eaten at an unconventional time for breakfast. Men were resilient to the schedule effect and experienced the same sensations regardless of the timing of ingestion; the effect of the eating schedule was significantly more pronounced in women for fullness (F(1,55) = 14.9; p < 0.001), digestive well-being (F(1,36.8) = 22.3; p < 0.001), mood (F(1,12.4) = 13.8; p < 0.001), and anxiety (F(1,11.9) = 10.9; p = 0.001). No differences in the physiological responses induced by the afternoon and morning meals were detected either in women or men. Our data indicate that women are more susceptible to changes in meal schedule than men
Meal enjoyment and tolerance in women and men
Various conditioning factors influence the sensory response to a meal (inducible factors). We hypothesized that inherent characteristics of the eater (constitutive factors) also play a role. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to determine the role of gender, as an individual constitutive factor, on the meal-related experience. Randomized parallel trial in 10 women and 10 men, comparing the sensations before, during, and after stepwise ingestion of a comfort meal up to full satiation. Comparisons were performed by repeated Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) measures. During stepwise ingestion, satisfaction initially increased up to a peak, and later decreased down to a nadir at the point of full satiation. Interestingly, the amount of food consumed at the well-being peak was lower, and induced significantly less fullness in women than in men. Hence, men required a larger meal load and stronger homeostatic sensations to achieve satisfaction. The same pattern was observed at the level of full satiation: men ate more and still experienced positive well-being, whereas in women, well-being scores dropped below pre-meal level. The effect of gender on the ingestion experience suggests that other constitutive factors of the eater may also influence responses to meals
Maternal weight, gut microbiota, and the association with early childhood behavior: the PREOBE follow-up study
Background and aim Maternal overweight and breastfeeding seem to have a significant impact on the gut microbiota
colonization process, which co-occurs simultaneously with brain development and the establishment of the
“microbiota-gut-brain axis”, which potentially may affect behavior later in life. This study aimed to examine the influence
of maternal overweight, obesity and/or gestational diabetes on the offspring behavior at 3.5 years of age and its
association with the gut microbiota already established at 18 months of life.
Methods 156 children born to overweight (OV, n = 45), obese (OB, n = 40) and normoweight (NW, n = 71) pregnant
women participating in the PREOBE study were included in the current analysis. Stool samples were collected at
18 months of life and gut microbiome was obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Behavioral problems were evaluated
at 3.5 years by using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). ANOVA, Chi-Square Test, ANCOVA, Spearman’s correlation,
logistic regression model and generalized linear model (GLM) were performed.
Results At 3.5 years of age, Children born to OV/OB mothers showed higher scores in behavioral problems than
those born to NW mothers. Additionally, offspring born to OB mothers who developed gestational diabetes mellitus
(GDM) presented higher scores in attention/deficit hyperactivity and externalizing problems than those born to GDM
OV/NW mothers. Fusicatenibacter abundance found at 18 months of age was associated to lower scores in total,
internalizing and pervasive developmental problems, while an unidentified genus within Clostridiales and Flavonifractor
families abundance showed a positive correlation with anxiety/depression and somatic complaints, respectively. On the
other hand, children born to mothers with higher BMI who were breastfed presented elevated anxiety, internalizing
problems, externalizing problems and total problems scores; likewise, their gut microbiota composition at 18 months of
age showed positive correlation with behavioral problems at 3.5 years: Actinobacteria abundance and somatic complaints
and between Fusobacteria abundance and withdrawn behavior and pervasive developmental problems.
Conclusions Our findings suggests that OV/OB and/or GDM during pregnancy is associated with higher behavioral
problems scores in children at 3.5 years old. Additionally, associations between early life gut microbiota composition
and later mental health in children was also found.Andalusian Government, Economy, Science and Innovation Ministry P06-CTS-02341Spanish Government SB2010-0025EU Project FP7 MyNewGut KBBE-2013-7
613979Ministry of Economic Transformation, Industry, Knowledge, and University of the Junta de Andalucia (Andalusian Plan for Research, Development and Innovation, PAIDI 2020)Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) CD21/0018
Potential release and bioaccessibility of metal/loids from mine wastes deposited in historical abandoned sulfide mines
This study deals with the potential release of metal/loids from sulfide mine wastes upon weathering and the
health risks associated with their accidental ingestion. To address this, a complete chemical and mineralogical
characterization of a variety of sulfide mine wastes was performed alongside a determination of metal/loid
bioaccessibility through leaching tests simulating human digestive and lung fluids. The mine wastes consisted
predominantly of Fe (35–55% of Fe2O3) and exhibited high concentrations of trace metalloids such as As
(382–4310 mg/kg), Pb (205–15,974 mg/kg), Cu (78–1083 mg/kg), Zn (274–1863 mg/kg), or Sb (520–1816 mg/
kg). Most wastes with high concentrations of soluble compounds are considered hazardous according to the
European regulations due to the exceedance of threshold values for As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Sb, sulfates, and Zn determined
by standardized tests. In general terms, the absorption of waste-hosted metals through both digestive and
respiratory routes was low compared to the total metal contents of the wastes, with values below 8% of the total
concentration in wastes for most metal/loids including Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Tl, or U. However, some metals exhibited
a significantly higher absorption potential, especially through the respiratory route, reaching values of up to 17%
for Cr and 75% for Pb, highlighting the strong bioaccessibility of Pb in certain sulfide wastes. Despite the high
metal/loid concentrations observed in the studied wastes, a health risk assessment indicated that some noncarcinogenic
effects could be observed in children only following the accidental digestion of Pb.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and
Competitiveness under the research project TRAMPA (MINECO;
PID2020-119196RB-C21). C.R C´anovas thanks the Spanish Ministry of
Science and Innovation for the Postdoctoral Fellowship granted under
application reference RYC2019-027949-I. BCL, AAB and TGB were
supported by projects PG2018-096608-B-C21 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and innovation (MINECO) and P20-00366 (Ministry of
Economy, Knowledge, Business and Universities, Regional Government
of Andalusia, Spain). We would also like to thank to the Editor Dr. Hefa
Cheng and five anonymous reviewers for the support and comments that
notably improved the quality of the original paper. Funding for open
access charge: Universidad de Huelva / CBUA
Infant Formula Supplemented With Milk Fat Globule Membrane, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Synbiotics Is Associated With Neurocognitive Function and Brain Structure of Healthy Children Aged 6 Years: The COGNIS Study
This project has been funded by Laboratorios Ordesa, S.L. Contract University of Granada General Foundation, No. 3349 and SMARTFOODS (CIEN) Contract University of Granada General Foundation, No. 4003, Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness. Furthermore, the project has been partially funded by HORIZON 2020 EU DynaHEALTH Project (GA No. 633595).Background: Adequate nutrient intake during the first few months of life plays a critical
role on brain structure and function development.
Objectives: To analyze the long-term effects of an experimental infant formula (EF) on
neurocognitive function and brain structure in healthy children aged 6 years compared
to those fed with a standard infant formula or breastfed.
Methods: The current study involved 108 healthy children aged 6 years and participating
in the COGNIS Study. At 0–2 months, infants were randomized to receive up to 18
months of life a standard infant formula (SF) or EF enriched with milk fat globule
membrane (MFGM), long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and synbiotics.
Furthermore, a reference group of breastfed (BF) infants were also recruited. Children
were assessed using neurocognitive tests and structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(MRI) at 6 years old. Results: Experimental infant formula (EF) children showed greater volumes in the left
orbital cortex, higher vocabulary scores and IQ, and better performance in an attention
task than BF children. EF children also presented greater volumes in parietal regions than
SF kids. Additionally, greater cortical thickness in the insular, parietal, and temporal areas
were found in children from the EF group than those fed with SF or BF groups. Further
correlation analyses suggest that higher volumes and cortical thickness of different
parietal and frontal regions are associated with better cognitive development in terms
of language (verbal comprehension) and executive function (working memory). Finally,
arachidonic acid (ARA), adrenic acid (AdA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in cheek
cell glycerophospholipids, ARA/DHA ratio, and protein, fatty acid, and mineral intake
during the first 18 months of life seem to be associated with changes in the brain
structures at 6 years old.
Conclusions: Supplemented infant formula with MFGM components, LC-PUFAs, and
synbiotics seems to be associated to long-term effects on neurocognitive development
and brain structure in children at 6 years old.Laboratorios OrdesaContract University of Granada General Foundation 3349SMARTFOODS (CIEN) Contract University of Granada General Foundation 4003Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness. FurthermoreEU DynaHEALTH Project 63359
BoletĂn DTCENS de actualidad jurĂdico laboral nÂş 2
Este boletĂn recopila normativa y jurisprudencia comunitaria en materia social, normativa jurĂdico-laboral estatal publicada en el BOE, asĂ como las principales sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional.No publicad
The Effects of an Infant Formula Enriched with Milk Fat Globule Membrane, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Synbiotics on Child Behavior up to 2.5 Years Old: The COGNIS Study
Although early life nutrition influences brain development and mental health, the long-term
e ects of supplemented infant formula on children´s behavior remain unclear. We analyzed the e ects
of a bioactive nutrients-enriched-infant formula on children’s behavior up to 2.5 years, compared to
a standard infant formula or breastfeeding. Current analysis involved 70 children who were fed a
standard infant formula (SF, n = 29) or a bioactive compounds enriched-infant formula (EF, n = 41),
during their first 18 months of life, and 33 breastfed (BF) children (reference group) participating
in the COGNIS study. Behavioral problems were evaluated using the Child Behavior Checklist at
18 months and 2.5 years. Di erent statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. EF children aged
2.5 years presented fewer pathological a ective problems than SF children. Besides, SF children
were classified more frequently as bordering on internalizing problems than BF children. Rates of
externalizing problems were increased in SF infants compared to EF and BF infants. Higher maternal
IQ was found to have beneficial e ects on internalizing and total problem rate in their o spring at
18 months of life; finally, higher maternal educational level was related with fewer ADHD problems
in children at 18 months, as well as internalizing, externalizing, total and anxiety problems in children
aged 2.5 years. Our analysis suggests that enriched infant formula fed infants seem to show fewer
behavioral problems up to 2.5 years compared to a standard infant formula-fed infants. In addition to type of early feeding, maternal IQ and educational level seem to play a key role on children
behavioral development.Ordesa LaboratoriesS.L. Contract University of Granada General Foundation
3349SMARTFOODS (CIEN) Contract University of Granada General Foundation
4003Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and CompetitivenessHORIZON 2020 EU DynaHEALTH Project
633595FundaciĂłn Carolina, Madrid, SpainCatedra ORDESA-University of Granada, Spain as part of Special Issue "Early Nutrition and Re-programming of Health and Disease
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