Some estimated effects of the planned harnessing of the Ounasjoki river on reindeer husbandry

The harnessing of waterways for electrical power has caused permanent pasture losses and prevented the free movement of the reindeer herds in Finland. Many great changes occurred after construction of the two large artificial lakes of Lokka and Porttipahta (total 630 km2) in the Lappi reindeer herders association in the 1960s. The planned harnessing of the Ounasjoki river consists of 10 power plants and 2 big and 12 smaller artificial lakes (total 270 km2). The plan will have effects on the income of 1070 owners in 7 reindeer herders associations. The losses in reindeer husbandry estimated by three different methods were maximally 476, 2824 and 9900 reindeer (value of meat production 0.12 to 2.5 million FIM/year), 64 jobs and various herding buildings (value 3.9 million FIM). Two new reindeer farmes would become unusuable (0.5 million FIM) and in addition hay production from seasonally flooded fields (approx. 25 000 - 30 000 FIM/year) would be lost. The building of new forces in the reindeer herders association areas of Ounasjoki river would require 6.2 million FIM.Ounasjoen rakentamissuunnitelman mahdolliset vaikutukset porotalouteen.Abstract in Finnsish / Yhteenveto: Vesistojen valjastaminen såhkontuottoon on tuhonnut porolaitumia ja vaikcuttanut porojen vapaata liikkumista Suomessa. Tasta on hyvånå esimerkkinå Lokan ja Portipahdan tekoaltaiden (yhteenså 630 km2) rakentaminen Lapin paliskunnassa 1960-luvulta alkacn. Ounasjoen rakentamissuunnitelma kåsittåå 10 voimalaitosta ja 2 isoa ja 12 picnempåå tekoallasta (yhteenså 270 km2). Rakennussuunnitelma vaikuttaa 1070 poronomistajan talouteen 7 cri paliskunnassa. Kolmella eri mcnetelmallå laskien jouduttaisiin enimmillåån våhentåmåån 476, 2824 ja 9900 lukuporoa (lihantuotto 0,12-2,5 milj. mk/vuosi) sekå menetettåisim 64 ympårivuotista tyopaikkaa ja kocttaisiin useita eri rakennevahinkoja (arvoltaan noin 3,9 milj. mk). Kaksi uutta porotilaa jåisi kåyttokclvottomiksi (0,5 milj. mk) ja lisaksi tulvaniittyjen hcinåtuotto (noin 25 000 — 30 000 mk/vuosi) menetettåisiin. Uusicn estcaitO|en rakentamiseen tarvittaisiin Ounasjoki-alucen paliskunnissa 6,2 milj. mk.Ounasjoki-projektets eventuella foljder på renskotseln.Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Vattendragens uttnytjande for production av el-kraft har forstord renbetesmarker och forsvårat renarnas mojlighet att rora sig fritt i Finland. Som exempel hårav må nåmnas byggnadsprojekten for Lokka och Porttipahta regleringsreservoarer (inalles 630 km2) fr.o.m. borjan av 1960-talet inom Lappi renbeteslag. Ounasjoki-projektet omfattar 10 kraftverk samt 2 stora och 12 mindre reservoarer (inalles 270 km2). Byggnadsprojektcts influensområde skulle omfatta 1070 renågarens hushåll inom 7 renbeteslag. Genom att anvånda tre olika råkncsått kommer man till ett resultat, att man skulle bli tvungen att forminska maksimalt 476, 2824 och 9900 renar (ett kottproduction på ca. 0.12-2.5 million FIM/år) och skulle mista 64 året rundt anvåndbara arbetsplatser och dessutom bli lidande av flere olika slags damage (forstorda stångslen osv.) med ett varde på ca. 3.9 million FIM. Två rcncgendomar skulle bli f5rstorda (0.5 million FIM) och dessutom skulle man forlora flodångarnas hoskord (25 000 - 30 000 PTM/år). Inom Ounasjoki-områdets renbeteslag skulle man behova 6.2 million FIM for uppråttande av nya stångsel på området

Night Awakening in Infancy : Developmental Stability and Longitudinal Associations With Psychomotor Development

Fragmented sleep is common in infancy. Although night awakening is known to decrease with age, in some infants night awakening is more persistent and continues into older ages. However, the influence of fragmented sleep on development is poorly known. In the present study, the longitudinal relationship between fragmented sleep and psychomotor development (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development [Bayley-III]; Bayley, 2009) was investigated in infants with (>= 3 night awakenings, n = 81) and without fragmented sleep (Peer reviewe

Trends in concentrations and export of nitrogen in boreal forest streams

Peer reviewe

Periodontal disease and bacterial vaginosis increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcome.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether periodontal disease or bacterial vaginosis (BV) diagnosed before pregnancy increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcome. METHODS: We enrolled a total of 252 women who had discontinued contraception in order to become pregnant. The first 130 pregnant women were included in the analyses. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed a strong association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcome (OR 5.5, 95% confidence interval 1.4-21.2; p = 0.014), and a borderline association between BV and adverse pregnancy outcome (OR 3.2, 95% confidence interval 0.9-10.7; p = 0.061). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that pre-pregnancy counseling should include both oral and vaginal examinations to rule out periodontal disease and BV. This may ultimately have an impact on antenatal healthcare, and decrease the risk for adverse pregnancy outcome

Ekosysteemi ja menetelmällinen ohjeisto terveydenhuollon tietojärjestelmäpalvelun hankintaan

TSR-hanke 114160 loppuraportt

Cytomegalovirus infection of human kidney cells in vitro

Cytomegalovirus infection of human kidney cells in vitro. To study which structures of a kidney allograft are the main targets for cytomegalovirus (CMV), human glomerular epithelial and mesangial cells, as well as tubular epithelial and endothelial cells were isolated by steel meshes of different pore sizes and enzymatic treatments. The various cultured cell types were characterized by morphology and specific antibodies. Human CMV was inoculated onto cell monolayers using two different culture methods: conventional tissue culture and rapid shell vial culture. To analyze whether CMV had a direct effect on the immunologic properties of kidney parenchymal cells, MHC class I and class II antigen expression was estimated before and after the infection. CMV infected all kidney cells identically. All cells expressed class I strongly after the infection, but they were class I positive prior to infection. Class II antigens were not expressed on the cell surface either before or after the infection. In conclusion, human kidney cells of glomerular, tubular and vascular origin were all infected by CMV without any difference. CMV had no significant direct effects on the antigenic properties of the cells

Matrix metalloproteinase-8 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 predict incident cardiovascular disease events and all-cause mortality in a population-based cohort

Background Extracellular matrix degrading proteases and their regulators play an important role in atherogenesis and subsequent plaque rupture leading to acute cardiovascular manifestations. Design and methods In this prospective cohort study, we investigated the prognostic value of circulating matrix metalloproteinase-8, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 concentrations, the ratio of matrix metalloproteinase-8/ tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and, for comparison, myeloperoxidase and C-reactive protein concentrations for incident cardiovascular disease endpoints. The population-based FINRISK97 cohort comprised 7928 persons without cardiovascular disease at baseline. The baseline survey included a clinical examination and blood sampling. During a 13-year follow-up the endpoints were ascertained through national healthcare registers. The associations of measured biomarkers with the endpoints, including cardiovascular disease event, coronary artery disease, acute myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause death, were analysed using Cox regression models. Discrimination and reclassification models were used to evaluate the clinical implications of the biomarkers. Results Serum tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and C-reactive protein concentrations were associated significantly with increased risk for all studied endpoints. Additionally, matrix metalloproteinase-8 concentration was associated with the risk for a coronary artery disease event, myocardial infarction and death, and myeloperoxidase concentration with the risk for cardiovascular disease events, stroke and death. The only significant association for the matrix metalloproteinase-8/ tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 ratio was observed with the risk for myocardial infarction. Adding tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 to the established risk profile improved risk discrimination of myocardial infarction (p=0.039) and death (0.001). Both matrix metalloproteinase-8 (5.2%, p <0.001) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (12.9%, p <0.001) provided significant clinical net reclassification improvement for death. Conclusions Serum matrix metalloproteinase-8 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 can be considered as biomarkers of incident cardiovascular disease events and death.Peer reviewe

Immunologic burden links periodontitis to acute coronary syndrome

Peer reviewe

Low MMP-8/TIMP-1 reflects left ventricle impairment in takotsubo cardiomyopathy and high TIM P-1 may help to differentiate it from acute coronary syndrome

Background Matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) is the most potent type-I collagen protease. Such collagen mainly constitutes the transient fibrosis in takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) endomyocardial biopsies. High MMP-8 and tissue-inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) levels are implicated in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We compared MMP-8 and TIM P-1 levels in consecutive TTC and ACS patients, and their association to TTC severity. Methods and results In 45 acute serum samples of TTC, 2072 ACS and 1000 controls, TI MP-1 differed between ACS 146.7ng/mL (115.0-186.3) (median (interquartile range)), TTC 115.7 (94.3-137.7) and controls 80.9 (73.2-90.4), (p Conclusions Even with other differing factors considered, TIMP-1 differentiated TTC from ACS better than TnT. In TTC, the low MMP-8/TIM P-1 molar ratio may reflect decreased proteolysis and increased transient fibrosis, perhaps in part explaining the left-ventricle impairment.Peer reviewe