270 research outputs found
On the Explosion Mechanism of SNe Type Ia
In this article we discuss the first simulations of two- and
three-dimensional Type Ia supernovae with an improved hydrodynamics code. After
describing the various enhancements, the obtained results are compared to those
of earlier code versions, observational data and the findings of other
researchers in this field.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
On the Stability of Thermonuclear Burning Fronts in Type Ia Supernovae
The propagation of cellularly stabilized thermonuclear flames is investigated
by means of numerical simulations. In Type Ia supernova explosions the
corresponding burning regime establishes at scales below the Gibson length. The
cellular flame stabilization - which is a result of an interplay between the
Landau-Darrieus instability and a nonlinear stabilization mechanism - is
studied for the case of propagation into quiescent fuel as well as interaction
with vortical fuel flows. Our simulations indicate that in thermonuclear
supernova explosions stable cellular flames develop around the Gibson scale and
that deflagration-to-detonation transition is unlikely to be triggered from
flame evolution effects here.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the IAU
Colloquium 192, "Supernovae (10 years of SN1993J)", 22-26 April 2003,
Valencia, Spain, Eds. J.M. Marcaide and K.W. Weiler, Springer Verla
Three-dimensional simulations of type Ia supernovae
We present the results of three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of the
subsonic thermonuclear burning phase in type Ia supernovae. The burning front
model contains no adjustable parameters so that variations of the explosion
outcome can be linked directly to changes in the initial conditions. In
particular, we investigate the influence of the initial flame geometry on the
explosion energy and find that it appears to be weaker than in 2D. Most
importantly, our models predict global properties such as the produced nickel
masses and ejecta velocities within their observed ranges without any fine
tuning.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted by A&
A note on inflation and transplanckian physics
In this paper we consider the influence of transplanckian physics on the CMBR
anisotropies produced by inflation. We consider a simple toy model that allows
for analytic calculations and argue on general grounds, based on ambiguities in
the choice of vacuum, that effects are expected with a magnitude of the order
of , where is the Hubble constant during inflation and
the scale for new physics, e.g. the Planck scale.Comment: 12 pages. v2: typos corrected and references added. v3: final version
accepted for publication by PRD. Improved discussion of adiabatic vacuu
Bounds on the cosmological abundance of primordial black holes from diffuse sky brightness: single mass spectra
We constrain the mass abundance of unclustered primordial black holes (PBHs),
formed with a simple mass distribution and subject to the Hawking evaporation
and particle absorption from the environment. Since the radiative flux is
proportional to the numerical density, an upper bound is obtained by comparing
the calculated and observed diffuse background values, (similarly to the Olbers
paradox in which point sources are considered) for finite bandwidths. For a
significative range of formation redshifts the bounds are better than several
values obtained by other arguments ; and they apply
to PBHs which are evaporating today.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures, to appear in PR
Ultraviolet cut off and Bosonic Dominance
We rederive the thermodynamical properties of a non interacting gas in the
presence of a minimal uncertainty in length. Apart from the phase space measure
which is modified due to a change of the Heisenberg uncertainty relations, the
presence of an ultraviolet cut-off plays a tremendous role.
The theory admits an intrinsic temperature above which the fermion
contribution to energy density, pressure and entropy is negligible.Comment: 12 pages in revtex, 2 figures. Some coefficients have been changed in
the A_2 model and two references adde
The Corley-Jacobson dispersion relation and trans-Planckian inflation
In this Letter we study the dependence of the spectrum of fluctuations in
inflationary cosmology on possible effects of trans-Planckian physics, using
the Corley/Jacobson dispersion relations as an example. We compare the methods
used in previous work [1] with the WKB approximation, give a new exact
analytical result, and study the dependence of the spectrum obtained using the
approximate method of Ref. [1] on the choice of the matching time between
different time intervals. We also comment on recent work subsequent to Ref. [1]
on the trans-Planckian problem for inflationary cosmology.Comment: 6 pages, Revtex
Ultraviolet cut off, black hole-radiation equilibrium and big bang
In the presence of a minimal uncertainty in length, there exists a critical
temperature above which the thermodynamics of a gas of radiation changes
drastically.
We find that the equilibrium temperature of a system composed of a
Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by radiation is unaffected by these
modifications. This is in agreement with works related to the robustness of the
Hawking evaporation. The only change the deformation introduces concerns the
critical volume at which the system ceases to be stable.
On the contrary, the evolution of the very early universe is sensitive to the
new behavior. We readdress the shortcomings of the standard big bang
model(flatness, entropy and horizon problems) in this context, assuming a
minimal coupling to general relativity. Although they are not solved, some
qualitative differences set in.Comment: 10 pages revtex, 1 figur
Primordial black hole production due to preheating
During the preheating process at the end of inflation the amplification of
field fluctuations can lead to the amplification of curvature perturbations. If
the curvature perturbations on small scales are sufficiently large, primordial
black holes (PBHs) will be overproduced. In this paper we study PBH production
in the two-field preheating model with quadratic inflaton potential. We show
that for many values of the inflaton mass m, and coupling g, small scale
perturbations will be amplified sufficiently, before backreaction can shut off
preheating, so that PBHs will be overproduced during the subsequent radiation
dominated era.Comment: 5 pages, 3 eps figures. Minor changes to match version to appear in
PRD as a rapid communicatio
Dynamics of Primordial Black Hole Formation
We present a numerical investigation of the gravitational collapse of
horizon-size density fluctuations to primordial black holes (PBHs) during the
radiation-dominated phase of the Early Universe. The collapse dynamics of three
different families of initial perturbation shapes, imposed at the time of
horizon crossing, is computed. The perturbation threshold for black hole
formation, needed for estimations of the cosmological PBH mass function, is
found to be rather than the generally employed
, if is defined as \Delta M/\mh, the
relative excess mass within the initial horizon volume. In order to study the
accretion onto the newly formed black holes, we use a numerical scheme that
allows us to follow the evolution for long times after formation of the event
horizon. In general, small black holes (compared to the horizon mass at the
onset of the collapse) give rise to a fluid bounce that effectively shuts off
accretion onto the black hole, while large ones do not. In both cases, the
growth of the black hole mass owing to accretion is insignificant. Furthermore,
the scaling of black hole mass with distance from the formation threshold,
known to occur in near-critical gravitational collapse, is demonstrated to
apply to primordial black hole formation.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, revtex style, submitted to PR
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